人工示踪方法评价地下水入渗补给及其优先流程度——以河北栾城和衡水为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴庆华  张薇  蔺文静  张发旺  王贵玲 《地球学报》2014,35(4):495-502

利用传统人工示踪剂峰值方法评价地下水入渗补给存在精度低和适用性差等缺点。为此,本文提出了多区模型方法,采用保守型示踪剂溴和氚对河北栾城和衡水地区进行了不同土地利用方式和不同深度下地下水入渗补给评价。结果表明,栾城和衡水地区地下水入渗补给量分别为124.3 mm/a和13.7 mm/a,与传统方法(103.3 mm/a和0.0 mm/a)相比,多区模型方法的评价结果更符合实际。同时对由优先流引起的地下水入渗补给量进行了分析,栾城和衡水地区优先流程度分别为28.7%和2.3%。秸秆覆盖抑制降雨或灌溉水入渗补给地下水,降低优先流程度,而植被覆盖有利于土壤水优先流的形成。地下水入渗补给量及其优先流程度与示踪深度均无明显相关性,且受土壤结构控制。  相似文献   

延庆规划新城软弱粘性土工程特性研究     

黄骁  陈刚  王文霞 《城市地质》2014,(1)

延庆规划新城存在大面积的软弱粘性土,严重影响了新城土地工程能力。本文主要针对新城地层结构及沉积演化特点,对软弱粘性土的物质成分、微结构特征以及土的物理力学参数等进行了分析,研究了该地区软弱粘性土各项参数之间的相关性,建立了多组参数间的线性回归方程,为日后规划新城大规模的建设,提供了工程地质参考和依据。  相似文献   

黔北下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩有机地球化学特征及其古环境意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

林家善  刘建清  冯伟明  景小燕 《沉积与特提斯地质》2014,(2):79-85

通过对黔北地区下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩的有机碳、类异戊间二烯烃、萜烷及甾烷等有机地球化学的研究,发现具有以下特征:①正构烷烃分布以单峰分布为主,主峰碳为nC18~nC20;②Pr/Ph比值在0.16~1.24之间,普遍具有植烷优势;③伽马蜡烷指数0.10;④Ts/(Tm+Ts)比值较高,在0.42~0.61之间,且分布十分稳定;⑤C27/C29甾烷比值在0.65~1.53之间,多数样品具C29甾烷分布优势;⑥有机碳含量普遍大于0.5%,且自下向上呈规律性递减;⑦δ13Corg-28‰,普遍偏轻。这些特征均指示研究区龙马溪组的有机物产率较高,同时具有良好的有机质保存环境。通过对比岩性及有机地球化学剖面,将龙马溪组烃源岩划分为3个发育阶段。  相似文献   

川中灯影组碳酸盐岩岩溶地层测井响应特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

林刚  王兴志  刘志尧  谢林  杨雪飞 《沉积与特提斯地质》2014,(4):59-67

川中磨溪-高石地区震旦系灯影组受桐湾运动Ⅰ幕和Ⅱ幕的影响,致使灯二段及灯四段顶部遭受风化剥蚀,区内大规模发育的溶蚀孔洞在测井曲线上具有明显的响应特征。通过对研究区的钻井、常规测井及FMI成像等资料分析,将研究区岩溶剖面从上而下分为地表岩溶带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带及深部缓流岩溶带。研究表明,地表岩溶带由风化残余物杂乱堆积而成,水平潜流岩溶带顺层孔洞发育,二者是研究区储层最为发育层位;渗流岩溶带储层较发育,深部潜流带储层不发育。从区域上看,研究区位于古岩溶斜坡带,从南西向北东方向,岩溶作用逐渐增强。  相似文献   

黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组孢粉学研究          下载免费PDF全文

史骁  喻建新  陈斌  黄程  顾松竹  李慧  迟鸿飞 《古地理学报》2014,16(2):217-226

文中材料采自黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组。大竹园组孢粉化石类型单调,保存较差;而梁山组孢粉化石丰富,保存良好。孢粉组合特征为:(1)大竹园组包含丰富的Calamospora和Florinites及少量Torispora verrucosa,Gulisporites,Alisporites,Hamiapollenites和Striatopodocarpites,这一孢粉组合主要出现在上石炭统至下二叠统。按照大竹园组层位和孢粉化石特征,其地质时代应为早二叠世Asselian期—Artinskian期(相当于紫松期—隆林期)。(2)梁山组中可建立孢粉组合Laevigatosporites vulgaris-Gulisporites-Florinites ovalis,共计发现孢粉化石34属49种,其中蕨类植物孢子含量为51.6％～56.1％,裸子植物花粉含量为43.9％～48.4％。与大竹园组沉积时期相比,这一时期植被极为繁盛。根据孢粉组合特征,梁山组地质时代可能为早二叠世隆林期,即Kungurian期。  相似文献   

青海格尔木哈希牙地区中基性岩墙群地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄     

杨柳  周汉文  朱云海  代雄  林启祥  马占青  菅坤坤  张旻玥 《地质通报》2014,33(6):804-819

位于东昆仑造山带上的东昆北哈希牙地区发育中基性岩墙群。其岩性主要为辉绿岩、闪斜煌斑岩和闪长玢岩,地球化学数据显示其具有高钾钙碱性玄武岩系列特征。轻、重稀土元素存在较高程度分馏,LREE/HREE值为4.72~8.66,平均值为6.57。δEu值介于0.81~0.98之间,平均值为0.91,显示出微弱的负Eu异常,表明斜长石的分离结晶作用不明显,富集Rb、Ba、Pb、K等大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf等地球化学特征,主体显示板内玄武岩特征,但有来自俯冲带的部分信息。采用LA-ICP-MS技术对锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素测定,结果显示锆石年龄较为分散,其中8颗岩浆锆石给出的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为411.5±7.5Ma,代表了格尔木哈希牙地区辉绿岩墙的结晶年龄,反映东昆北地块于晚志留世—早泥盆世已由地体碰撞的挤压状态转为碰撞后伸展状态,标志着该地区加里东期构造旋回的结束。  相似文献   

中国及邻区印支运动特征及其意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谭永杰  邱瑞照  肖庆辉  周肃 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(8):8-14,33

通过概要论述印支运动在中国及邻区的表现特征,探讨了印支运动的主要成矿作用,指出印支运动首次使长期以来游离于全球主要大陆外的扬子、中朝、塔里木等小陆块拼合在一起,为新生代大型聚煤盆地的形成奠定了基础,也为燕山期和喜马拉雅山期二次大规模的对流地幔输入大陆事件奠定了重要基础,使之成为中国及邻区大陆上最重要的成矿时期。  相似文献   

Pretreatment of high strength waste emulsions by combined vibratory shear enhanced process with Fenton oxidation     

W. J. Zhang  M. Zhang  F. Xiao  L. P. Fang  D. S. Wang 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(3):731-738

Pretreatment of waste emulsions with high organic content by a combined process of vibratory shear enhanced process and Fenton’s oxidation prior to biological treatment was investigated. Vibrating membrane had shown good performance in chemical oxygen demand and oil removals and the mitigation of concentration polarization. However, the permeate after filtration processing still contained high content of organics. Thus, additional Fenton oxidation was applied to reduce the organic loading, and improve the biodegradability of the wastewater. The optimal molar ratio of ferrous iron to hydrogen peroxide was 0.05 obtained from the jar-test experiments. Removal of organics was enhanced by increasing hydrogen peroxide dosage, while efficiency of hydrogen peroxide reached maximum of 1.11(w/w) at the hydrogen peroxide dosage of 6.8 g/L. Furthermore, the biological experiments indicated that the high concentration of organics could inhibit microbial activity, which decreased the chemical oxygen demand degradation rates. The adaptive period of the microbe was greatly shortened using Fenton’s reagent at the low dosages. The improvement of the biodegradability could be explained by partial mineralization and chemical transformation of parent organic compounds after Fenton oxidation.  相似文献   

Investigating soil thermodynamic parameters of the active layer on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Ren Li  Lin Zhao  Tonghua Wu  Yongjian Ding  Yao Xiao  Yongliang Jiao  Yanhui Qin  Yufei Xin  Erji Du  Guangyue Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):709-722

The soil thermodynamic parameters, including thermal conductivity, diffusivity and volumetric capacity within the active layer on the northern Tibetan Plateau, were calculated using the measured data of soil temperature gradient, heat flux, and moisture at four stations from October 2003 to September 2004. The results showed that the soil thermodynamic parameters exhibited clear seasonal fluctuation. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity in summer and autumn at Beiluhe, Kexinling, and Tongtianhe were larger than those in winter. The volumetric thermal capacity causes an opposite change; it was larger in autumn and winter than in summer. In spring, the soil thermal conductivity at the Kekexili station was larger than that in summer. Generally, fine-grained soils and lower saturation degrees in the topsoil might be a reason for the lower soil thermal conductivity in winter. For a given soil, soil moisture was the main factor influencing the thermodynamic parameters. The unfrozen water content that existed in frozen soils greatly affected the soil thermal conductivity, whose contribution rate was estimated to be 55 %. The thermodynamic parameters of frozen soils could be expressed as a function of soil temperature, volumetric ice content and soil salinity, while for the unfrozen ground the soil moisture content is the dominant factor for those thermal parameters. As for the soil thermal diffusivity, there exists a critical value of soil moisture content. When the soil moisture content becomes less than a critical value, the soil thermal diffusivity increases as the soil moisture content rises.  相似文献   

Controlling factors of the δ 11B-pH proxy and its research direction     

J. Xiao  Z. D. Jin  Y. K. Xiao  M. Y. He 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1641-1650

Significant boron isotope fractionation occurs in nature (?70 ‰ to +75 ‰) due to the high geochemical reactivity of boron and the large relative mass difference between ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Since the 1990s, reconstruction of ancient seawater pH using the isotopic composition of boron in bio-carbonates (δ ¹¹B_carb), and then calculation of the past pCO₂ have become important issues for the international isotope geochemistry community, and are called the δ ¹¹B-pH proxy. Although many achievements have been made by this proxy, various aspects of boron systematics require rigorous evaluation. Based on the previous researches, mechanism of boron isotope fractionation, variation of boron isotope (δ ¹¹B) in nature (especially in bio-carbonates) and controlling factors of the δ ¹¹B-pH proxy, such as the dissociation constant of B(OH)₃ in seawater (pK_a), the δ ¹¹B of seawater (δ ¹¹B_SW), the boron isotopic fractionation factor between B(OH) ₄ ^? and B(OH)₃ (α _4–3), and the incorporated species of boron into bio-carbonates, are reviewed in detail and the research directions of this proxy are proposed. Generally, the controversy about pK_a, δ ¹¹B_sw, and α _4–3 is relatively less, but whether boron incorporated into bio-carbonates only in the form of B(OH) ₄ ^? remains doubtful. In the future, it is required that the physicochemical processes that control boron incorporation into carbonates be rigorously characterized and that the related chemical and isotopic fractionation be quantified. It is also necessary and important to establish a “best-fit empirically equation” between δ ¹¹B_carb and pH of seawater based on the precipitation experiments of inorganic or culture experiments of corals or foraminifera. In addition, extended application of the δ ¹¹B-pH proxy to the earlier part of the Phanerozoic relying on the Brachiopods is worthy of studying. Like other geochemical indicators, there are limiting factors of δ ¹¹B; however, it remains a very powerful tool in the reconstruction of past seawater pH at present.  相似文献