Abstracts     

A. Campo Bagatin  P. Farinella  P. Paolicchi  Yu. V. Barkin  P. Bonnefond  P. Exertier  Eric Bois  Sławomir Breiter  Adrian Brunini  J. Klačka  J. Kaufmannová  Marianne Lefftz  Hilaire Legros  Nina A. Solovaya  Eduard M. Pittich 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1993,57(1-2):403-404

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Disaster Management and Community Planning, and Public Participation: How to Achieve Sustainable Hazard Mitigation   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

Laurie Pearce 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):211-228

The paper offers first a brief historical overview of disaster management planning. Second, it reviews Australian and American research findings and show that they urge the field of disaster management to shift its focus from response and recovery to sustainable hazard mitigation. It is argued that in order for this shift to occur, it is necessary to integrate disaster management and community planning. Current practice seldom reflects such a synthesis, and this is one of the reasons why hazard awareness is absent from local decision-making processes. Third, it is asserted that if mitigative strategies are to be successfully implemented, then the disaster management process must incorporate public participation at the local decision-making level. The paper concludes with a case study of California's Portola Valley, which demonstrates that when public participation is integrated into disaster management planning and community planning, the result is sustainable hazard mitigation.  相似文献   

The Re-Os Isotopic System: A Review of Analytical Techniques   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Laurie Reisberg  Thomas Meisel 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2002,26(3):249-267

Over the past twenty years, successive technological advances have transformed the Re-Os isotopic system into one of the most powerful tools in isotope geochemistry. We present here a brief historical review of these advances and then describe and compare the methods most commonly used today. Our goal is to facilitate the choice of the analytical method best adapted to each specific scientific problem and sample type.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠及其东南边缘地区水化学和环境同位素特征及其水文学意义   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

马妮娜  杨小平 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):702-711

通过对巴丹吉林沙漠东南部湖水和南缘地区地下水离子化学成分及其环境同位素分析,初步探讨了沙漠地区湖水和地下水之间补给的关系。沙漠湖水的离子化学特征显示沙漠东南部湖泊的演化趋势:微咸湖-咸水湖-盐水湖。显著不同的盐度、CO₃^2-和HCO₃^-含量以及地质资料都表明,沙漠北部较大的湖泊和东南部的湖泊被一地形上的褶皱隆起阻隔而形成了不同的地下水补给体系。环境同位素的分析结果表明,巴丹吉林沙漠东南部的湖泊和地下水与沙漠东南边缘地区的地下水有着相似的蒸发趋势,暗示南缘地区的地下水和沙漠东南部地区湖泊之间存在一定的联系。同其他干旱地区地下水的同位素结果进行对比显示,雅布赖地区和沙漠地区的地下水应该是埋深较浅的地下潜水。因本次研究结果不支持单一远源或者深层地下水补给的观点,故推断沙漠东南部地区以及南缘地区的地下水主要是当地雨量丰沛时期的降水及南缘低山降水下渗补给的。  相似文献   

Predicting spatio-temporal concentrations of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> using land use and meteorological data in Yangtze River Delta,China     

Dongyang?Yang  Debin?Lu  Jianhua?XuEmail author  Chao?Ye  Jianan?Zhao  Guanghui?Tian  Xinge?Wang  Nina?Zhu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(8):2445-2456

The prediction of PM_2.5 concentrations with high spatiotemporal resolution has been suggested as a potential method for data collection to assess the health effects of exposure. This work predicted the weekly average PM_2.5 concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta, China, by using a spatio-temporal model. Integrating land use data, including the areas of cultivated land, construction land, and forest land, and meteorological data, including precipitation, air pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed, we used the model to estimate the weekly average PM_2.5 concentrations. We validated the estimated effects by using the cross-validated R² and Root mean square error (RMSE); the results showed that the model performed well in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of PM_2.5 concentration, with a reasonably large R² of 0.86 and a small RMSE of 8.15 (μg/m³). In addition, the predicted values covered 94% of the observed data at the 95% confidence interval. This work provided a dataset of PM_2.5 concentration predictions with a spatiotemporal resolution of 3 km × week, which would contribute to accurately assessing the potential health effects of air pollution.  相似文献   

Extreme storm surge modelling in the North Sea     

Nina Ridder  Hylke de Vries  Sybren Drijfhout  Henk van den Brink  Erik van Meijgaard  Hans de Vries 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(2):255-272

This study shows that storm surge model performance in the North Sea is mostly unaffected by the application of temporal variations of surface drag due to changes in sea state provided the choice of a suitable constant Charnock parameter in the sea-state-independent case. Including essential meteorological features on smaller scales and minimising interpolation errors by increasing forcing data resolution are shown to be more important for the improvement of model performance particularly at the high tail of the probability distribution. This is found in a modelling study using WAQUA/DCSMv5 by evaluating the influence of a realistic air-sea momentum transfer parameterization and comparing it to the influence of changes in the spatial and temporal resolution of the applied forcing fields in an effort to support the improvement of impact and climate analysis studies. Particular attention is given to the representation of extreme water levels over the past decades based on the example of the Netherlands. For this, WAQUA/DCSMv5 is forced with ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Model results are obtained from a set of different forcing fields, which either (i) include a wave-state-dependent Charnock parameter or (ii) apply a constant Charnock parameter (α _{C h} =?0.032) tuned for young sea states in the North Sea, but differ in their spatial and/or temporal resolution. Increasing forcing field resolution from roughly 79 to 12 km through dynamically downscaling can reduce the modelled low bias, depending on coastal station, by up to 0.25 m for the modelled extreme water levels with a 1-year return period and between 0.1 m and 0.5 m for extreme surge heights.  相似文献   

The effect of decrease in salinity on the dynamics of abundance and the cell size of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corethron Hystrix</Emphasis> (Bacillariophyta) in laboratory culture     

Nina A. Aizdaicher  Zhanna V. Markina 《Ocean Science Journal》2010,45(1):1-5

Effect of salinity on abundance dynamics and cell size of microalga Corethron hystrix Hensen (Bacillariophyta) were studied. C. hystrix can normally grow within a rather narrow salinity range between 32 and 28‰. The viable cells of this microalga change their morphological characters at a salinity of 24‰. This salinity level probably marks the beginning of cell division restriction, because the general number of cells by the end of the experiment was lower than in the control. The decrease of salinity to 16‰ caused pronounced irreversible morphological changes: cell height increased, chloroplasts compressed, protoplasm became granular, cytoplasm retracted, and spines shortened.  相似文献   

海岸侵蚀作用下海岸带地区极端风暴洪水风险评估 —以上海石化为例     

刘青  张卫国  Nina Siu-Ngan Lam  王军 《海洋通报》2022,(2)

海堤是海岸带地区社会经济活动的重要保护屏障。海岸侵蚀的加剧将导致海堤稳定性和安全性降低, 增加海岸带地 区遭受极端风暴洪水的风险, 进而影响到海岸带地区的安全。本文选择上海石化这一遭受海岸侵蚀较为严重的区域作为研究 区, 利用 GIS 分析了 1972—2020 年近岸海床侵蚀特征, 并基于 2000—2020 年-5 m 等深线变化评估了上海石化近岸海堤的 稳定性。结果表明： 1972—2020 年间上海石化前沿海床整体以侵蚀为主, 石化近岸东侧以及西侧局部的浅滩侵蚀明显, 城 市沙滩中段、第 6 次围堤处以及码头东岸海堤稳定性最低。基于上述研究结果, 考虑海堤稳定性薄弱段出现极端风暴洪水漫 堤或溃堤情景, 模拟并分析了上海石化 2010 年 、2030 年和2050 年遭受千年一遇极端风暴洪水的风险。结果显示： 在 2010 年基准年情景下, 受海岸侵蚀作用最明显的城市沙滩和第6 次围堤区域遭遇极端风暴洪水的风险最高, 到 2050 年, 当前稳 定性较好的海堤安全性也将大大降低, 与 2010 年相比, 上海石化近岸地区的直接经济损失将会增加近 3 倍。  相似文献   

Relationship between shell weight and cadmium content in whole digestive gland of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay)     

Belcheva NN  Zakhartsev M  Silina AV  Slinko EN  Chelomin VP 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(4):396-409

Seasonal and age-specific variations of cadmium (Cd) concentration in the digestive gland were investigated in the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, with different degrees of Cd pollution. The seasonal changes in Cd concentrations of the digestive gland were inversely proportional to the dry weight of the gland. Concentrations of Cd and total Cd content (mug Cd per organ) increased with age (age-specific) to the same extent in contaminated and uncontaminated areas. There was also a strong positive correlation between Cd content in the whole digestive gland and shell weight and it is proposed that this relationship can be used as a new criterion for comparative evaluation of Cd levels in scallops from different areas We hypothesize that Cd is uptaken into scallops in proportion to the amount of calcium that absorbed through ion channels, and in addition, Cd in the digestive gland is in immobile forms (e.g. metal-rich granules) that accumulate with age. Moderate environmental pollution has no effect on the relationship between Cd content and shell size and the observed decrease in growth performance of the scallops from polluted areas may be due to other factors.  相似文献   

青藏高原西北缘晚新生代的隆升特征——来自西昆仑山前盆地的沉积学证据   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

司家亮  李海兵Laurie BARRIER Jerome VAN DER WOERD孙知明  裴军令潘家伟 《地质通报》2007,26(10):1356-1367

对西昆仑北缘山前盆地新生代沉积特征的研究结果表明,沿西昆仑山前发育的各沉积序列的垂向特征相似:古新世—中新世早期为石膏层、含瓣腮化石的石灰岩和紫红色较细粒的碎屑岩沉积,指示了海相和海陆过渡相较平静的沉积环境;中新世晚期—上新世初期开始出现陆相磨拉石,指示了陆相非平静的沉积环境,砾石的直径由下至上呈增大趋势,可能反映了西昆仑山体不断隆升,其间相对稳定的层段可能是构造运动间歇期或平稳期的沉积,指示了脉动式的隆升模式;磨拉石底部砾石的成分以沉积岩为主,向上火成岩和变质岩砾石逐渐增多,表明剥蚀程度不断加深。根据磨拉石建造的特征,判断剥蚀量和剥蚀强度自西向东有减小和变弱的趋势,可能暗示了西昆仑山晚新生代隆升有自西向东由强变弱的过渡特征。该结论与本区构造地貌学的研究结果一致。  相似文献