Land use and land cover changes in small Carpathian catchments between the mid-19<Superscript>th</Superscript> and early 21<Superscript>st</Superscript> centuries and their record on the land surface     

Rafał Kroczak  Joanna Fidelus-Orzechowska  Anna Bucała-Hrabia  Tomasz Bryndal 《山地科学学报》2018,15(12):2561-2578

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes and their impact on the mountain environment were studied in six catchments (~10 km² each) in the Polish Western Carpathians from the mid-19^th century to the early 21^st century. The analysis of cadastral and orthophoto maps indicates that during the investigated period, the forest area increased, quantified by an annual change index (Annch), between +0.12% to +0.27%, with a decrease of arable land index to–0.45% and–2.28% in the analysed catchments. LULC changes were accompanied by a continuous increase in settlement developments (residential and farming houses) by 50%-140% as well as significant changes related to their spatial distribution. Abandonment of arable land and forest succession have resulted in the geomorphological transformation of hillslopes, which predominantly includes a decrease in used road density, their transformation to road cuts and gorges. Overpopulation and the domination agriculture in the past caused the expansion of unpaved roads density and then the fragmentation of hillslopes, as well as the development of agricultural terraces.  相似文献   

Holocene floristic diversity and richness in northeast Norway revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and pollen     

Charlotte L. Clarke  Mary E. Edwards  Antony G. Brown  Ludovic Gielly  Youri Lammers  Peter D. Heintzman  Francisco Javier Ancin‐Murguzur  Kari‐Anne Brthen  Tomasz Goslar  Inger G. Alsos 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(2):299-316

We present a Holocene record of floristic diversity and environmental change for the central Varanger Peninsula, Finnmark, based on ancient DNA extracted from the sediments of a small lake (sedaDNA). The record covers the period c. 10 700 to 3300 cal. a BP and is complemented by pollen data. Measures of species richness, sample evenness and beta diversity were calculated based on sedaDNA sampling intervals and 1000‐year time windows. We identified 101 vascular plant and 17 bryophyte taxa, a high proportion (86%) of which are still growing within the region today. The high species richness (>60 taxa) observed in the Early Holocene, including representatives from all important plant functional groups, shows that modern shrub‐tundra communities, and much of their species complement, were in place as early as c. 10 700 cal. a BP. We infer that postglacial colonization of the area occurred prior to the full Holocene, during the Pleistocene‐Holocene transition, Younger Dryas stadial or earlier. Abundant DNA of the extra‐limital aquatic plant Callitriche hermaphroditica suggests it expanded its range northward between c. 10 200 and 9600 cal. a BP, when summers were warmer than present. High values of Pinus DNA occur throughout the record, but we cannot say with certainty if they represent prior local presence; however, pollen influx values >500 grains cm^?2 a^?1 between c. 8000 and 7300 cal. a BP strongly suggest the presence of pine woodland during this period. As the site lies beyond the modern tree limit of pine, it is likely that this expansion also reflects a response to warmer Early Holocene summers.  相似文献   

The Bølling‐age Blomvåg Beds,western Norway: implications for the Older Dryas glacial re‐advance and the age of the deglaciation     

Jan Mangerud  Jason P. Briner  Tomasz Goslar  John Inge Svendsen 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):162-184

Blomvåg, on the western coast of Norway north of Bergen, is a classical site in Norwegian Quaternary science. Foreshore marine sediments, named the Blomvåg Beds and now dated to the Bølling‐Allerød from 14.8 to 13.3 cal. ka BP, contain the richest Lateglacial bone fauna in Norway, numerous mollusc shells, driftwood, and flint that some archaeologists consider as the oldest traces of humans in Norway. The main theme of this paper is that the Blomvåg Beds are overlain by a compact diamicton, named the Ulvøy Diamicton, which was interpreted previously as a basal till deposited during a glacial re‐advance into the ocean during the Older Dryas (c. 14 cal. ka BP). Sediment sections of the Blomvåg Beds and the Ulvøy Diamicton were exposed in ditches in a cemetery that was constructed in 1941–42 and have subsequently not been accessible. A number of radiocarbon and cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure ages demonstrate that the diamicton is not likely to be a till because minimum deglaciation ages (14.8–14.5 cal. ka BP) from the vicinity pre‐date the Ulvøy Diamicton. We now consider that sea ice and icebergs formed the Ulvøy Diamicton during the Younger Dryas. The Scandinavian Ice Sheet margin was located on the outermost coastal islands between at least c. 18.5 and 14.8 cal. ka BP; however, no ice‐marginal deposits have been found offshore from this long period. The Older Dryas ice margin in this area was located slightly inside the Younger Dryas margin, whereas farther south it was located slightly beyond the Younger Dryas margin.  相似文献   

Real-time precise point positioning augmented with high-resolution numerical weather prediction model     

Wilgan  Karina  Hadas  Tomasz  Hordyniec  Pawel  Bosy  Jaroslaw 《GPS Solutions》2017,21(3):1341-1353

GPS Solutions - The tropospheric delay is one of the major error sources in precise point positioning (PPP), affecting the accuracy and precision of estimated coordinates and convergence time,...  相似文献   

IGS RTS precise orbits and clocks verification and quality degradation over time   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

Tomasz Hadas  Jaroslaw Bosy 《GPS Solutions》2015,19(1):93-105

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Solubility of pyromorphite Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl-mimetite Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl solid solution series     

Justyna Flis  Maciej Manecki  Tomasz Bajda 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(7):1858-2485

Pyromorphite Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl and mimetite Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl are isostructural minerals with apatite. Due to their high environmental stability, they have gained considerable attention as metals sequestration agents in water treatment and contaminated soil remediation. Pyromorphite and mimetite can form a continuous solid solution series in near-Earth surface environments. Precipitation of the end members and intermediate members of the series is likely to occur in the areas where the cost-effective in situ immobilization reclamation method, based on phosphate amendments, is applied. In contrast to the widely studied thermodynamic parameters of pyromorphite and mimetite, knowledge of the thermodynamics of their solid solutions is sparse. To supplement the data, a number of compounds from the pyromorphite-mimetite series were synthesized at room temperature using a method to simulate the conditions in the near-Earth surface environments. Afterwards, batch dissolution and dissolution-recrystallization experiments of seven synthesized precipitates were conducted at 25 °C, pH = 2 and in a 0.05 M KNO₃ background electrolyte. The experiments were carried out for a period of 6 (dissolution) and 14 (dissolution-recrystallization) months. A plateau in the [Pb] evolution patterns was used to determine equilibrium. All seven dissolutions were congruent, and the ionic activity products (IAP) of the minerals from the pyromorphite-mimetite solid solution series were calculated based on the dissolution reaction: . The IAPs for pyromorphite and mimetite exhibit a significant difference in values over three orders of magnitude between approximately 10⁻⁷⁹ for pyromorphite and approximately 10⁻⁷⁶ for mimetite. The series appeared to be ideal, and Lippmann and Roozboom diagrams were used for better understanding of its thermodynamics. The results indicated a strong tendency of pyromorphite to partition into the solid phase in the series, which explains some of the naturally observed phenomena. The improvement of the lattice stability of the mimetite due to isostructural phosphate substitutions in anionic sites was observed. The thermodynamic data reported in this study supplement existing databases used in geochemical modeling.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a Novel Control Method on Biofilm Parameters in an Aerated Submerged Fixed‐bed Biofilm Reactor     

Karol Trojanowicz  Wlodzimierz Wojcik  Wieslawa Styka  Tomasz Baczynski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(1):7-12

One of the critical technological parameter in operation of aerated submerged fixed‐bed biofilm reactor (ASFBBR) is the control over process of biofilm detachment. Both, an excessive growth of biomass with its accumulation in the bioreactor and an exceeded biofilm detachment rate, cause serious operational and technological problems. The studies presented in this paper demonstrate that in an ASFBBR reactor with a PVC bed carrier media, an effective way to maintain a proper shear stress acting on the biofilm and causing its detachment could be an internal recirculation of wastewater instead of backwashing with wastewater or air flushing. In case of polishing of oil‐refinery wastewater with average COD loading rate equal to 9 g COD/(m² day), the minimum value of the hydraulic loading rate in such reactor is 1.9 m³/(m² h), at which there was no excessive growth of biofilms. Despite a significant decrease of the biofilms thickness and amount of biomass in the reactor, there was no significant decline in the efficiency of pollutant removal from oil‐refinery wastewater, which made it possible to obtain the quality of effluent at the outlet of the bioreactor significantly below the water permits and standards.  相似文献   

Book Review
The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon, by Edward S. Sarachik and Mark A. Cane, Cambridge University Press; ISBN: 978-0-521-84786-5 (hardback), USD 75.00     

Tomasz Niedzielski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(10):1895-1897

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A photometric and spectroscopic study of WW And – an Algol-type,long period binary system with an accretion disc     

Michal Siwak  Stanislaw Zola  Tomasz Szymanski  Maria Kurpinska-Winiarska  Maciej Winiarski  Dorota Koziel-Wierzbowska  Waclaw Waniak  Michal Drahus 《New Astronomy》2012,17(8):691-696

We have analysed the available spectra of WW And and for the first time obtained a reasonably well defined radial velocity curve of the primary star. Combined with the available radial velocity curve of the secondary component, these data led to the first determination of the spectroscopic mass ratio of the system at q_spec = 0.16 ± 0.03. We also determined the radius of the accretion disc from analysis of the double-peaked H_α emission lines. Our new, high-precision, Johnson VRI and the previously-available Strömgren vby light curves were modelled with stellar and accretion disc models. A consistent model for WW And – a semidetached system harbouring an accretion disc which is optically thick in its inner region, but optically thin in the outer parts – agrees well with both spectroscopic and photometric data.  相似文献   

The assessment of environmental pollution caused by mining and metallurgy wastes from highly polluted post-industrial regions in Southern Poland     

Joanna Paldyna  Beata Krasnodebska-Ostrega  Karolina Kregielewska  Joanna Kowalska  Lukasz Jedynak  Jerzy Golimowski  Tomasz Grobelski  Jadwiga Farbiszewska-Kiczma  Teresa Farbiszewska 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(2):439-450

Stored metallurgy and mining wastes contain relatively high amounts of potentially toxic elements. To monitor the distribution of contaminants originating from dumps, the chemical and physical properties of the wastes must be characterised. In this study, the chemical properties of wastes deposited in two different locations in Southern Poland (Szklary and Zloty Stok) were evaluated. Heaps located in Zloty Stok contain wastes from gold mineralisation comprising arsenic while wastes in Szklary originate from a factory that produced an iron-nickel alloy. In Szklary the total concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Tl, Ag, Cd and Pb were determined, while in Zloty Stok also As is an important contaminant. To assess the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment and to select the proper method for removing the contaminants, information on the distribution of elements between operationally defined phases must be obtained. For this purpose, a six-step sequential extraction was used. The mobility of most elements in the wastes from Szklary and Zloty Stok was relatively low; however, the large amount of As, 40–180 mg L^?1, that could be released to environment in case of Zloty Stok was high. The results of fractionation studies indicated that Ag, Cd, Tl, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and Mn may be released into environment under low pH and low redox potential conditions, which can be induced by bacterial activity.  相似文献