土层动力参数变化对地表地震反应影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕国军  田丽  张合  李皓 《华北地震科学》2013,31(2)

通过模拟土层剖面,采用等效线性化程序,对土体的非线性动力参数～动剪切模量比与阻尼比分别使用实测值、行业推荐值和规范值来计算地表的反应谱,比较地表的地震动峰值与反应谱的特征周期大小以及反应谱的形状,以评价土层参数变化对地表地震反应的影响.  相似文献   

考虑流固耦合的渡槽结构三维碰撞反应研究     

徐建国  周浩  王博  陈淮 《世界地震工程》2013,(1):60-69

渡槽结构在强烈地震作用下邻梁间发生的碰撞现象易对其输水安全造成重大影响。采用薄壁梁段单元和三维接触-摩擦单元借助FORTRAN程序建立了考虑流固耦合的渡槽结构整体三维碰撞分析模型,并通过工程实例进行了多工况下的地震碰撞反应分析。结果表明,随着槽内水深的增大,渡槽结构的地震反应普遍增大,邻梁碰撞次数、碰撞力和相对转角也随之增大;槽内水体固结和考虑流固耦合的碰撞反应峰值相差不大,但时程曲线差异较大,某些部位水体固结的解会小于流固耦合解,使固结简化的处理偏于不安全。研究结果可供大型渡槽结构抗震设计参考。  相似文献   

Wetlands of Northeast Asia and High Asia: an overview   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Shuqing An  Ziqiang Tian  Ying Cai  Teng Wen  Delin Xu  Hao Jiang  Zhigang Yao  Baohua Guan  Sheng Sheng  Yan Ouyang  Xiaoli Cheng 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2013,75(1):63-71

This review reports background information on wetlands in the Northeast Asia and High Asia areas, including wetland coverage and type, significance for local populations, and threats to their vitality and protection, with particular focus on the relationship of how global change influenced wetlands. Natural wetlands in these areas have been greatly depleted and degraded, largely due to global climate change, drainage and conversion to agriculture and silviculture, hydrologic alterations, exotics invasions, and misguided management policies. Global warming has caused wetland and ice-sheet loss in High Asia and permafrost thawing in tundra wetlands in Northeast Asia, and hence induced enormous reductions in water-storage sources in High Asia and carbon loss in Northeast Asia. This, in the long term, will exacerbate chronic water shortage and positively feed back global warming. Recently, better understanding of the vital role of healthy wetland ecosystems to Asia’s sustainable economic development has led to major efforts in wetland conservation and restoration. Nonetheless, collaborative efforts to restore and protect the wetlands must involve not only the countries of Northeast and High Asia but also international agencies. Research has been productive but the results should be more effectively integrated with policy-making and wetland restoration practices under future climatic scenarios.  相似文献   

Optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in the watershed of a globally large river (Yangtze River,China)     

Hao Chen  Wei Meng  Bing-hui Zheng  Chun-yan Wang  Li-hui An 《Limnologica》2013,43(6):482-491

Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence excitation emission matrices of surface water samples of a globally large river (Yangtze River, China) watershed identified three classes of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) that had ex/em = 280/330 nm, 305/385 nm and 350/450 nm respectively, resembling “peak T”, “peak M” and “peak C” commonly identified in natural water, respectively. Peak T (a tyrosine/tryptophan-like FDOM) did not show correlations to peak M or C which were humic-like substances, while a positive correlation (r = 0.935, p < 0.001) was present between the natural log-transformed maximum fluorescence intensity (F_max) of peaks T and M indicating a tight link during their production and processing. F_max values (in Raman unit nm^?1) normalized to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration were low, varying in ranges 15.93–85.95, 29.83–83.54 and 19.73–51.05 × 10^?5 nm^?1 (μmol/L)^?1 for peaks T, M and C, respectively, in line with the history of strong photobleaching of the water samples as indicated by fairly high absorption spectral slope ratios (0.75–1.53 with a mean 1.03). Intermediate fluorescence index (FI) (1.46–1.83 with a mean 1.61) and small specific absorption at 254 nm (0.64–1.93 with a mean 1.15 m^?1 mg^?1 L) of the water samples, indicated the presence of both aquatic microbial DOM (e.g. peak T) and soil DOM (e.g. peak C). Peak C could be substantially removed by UV-A (320–400 nm) irradiation, while peak M was slightly increased when a microbe-containing water was exposed to the same UV-A irradiation. Taken together, peak C was attributed to diffuse soil source while peak M was likely attributed to joint effects of microbial activities and solar irradiation on the chromophores in the sample.  相似文献   

新疆地区现今地壳形变特征与地震活动分析          下载免费PDF全文

胡亚轩  郝明  李煜航  秦姗兰  王文萍 《地震学报》2013,35(6):820-827

新疆地区GPS区域站1999—2007年、 2009—2011年观测资料分析结果表明, 该地区水平运动速率分区性明显; 2011年6月以来该地区中强地震增强. 该文在分析区域站水平运动速率特征的基础上, 对2011年1月—2012年3月20个GPS连续观测站基线变化时间序列进行了分析. 结果表明, 各观测站坐标变化量在2011年4月后整体上变大, 新疆地区地壳运动增强, 但具体到不同的山区和盆地, 基线变化趋势各异． 其中, 塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地内部变形相对较小, 主要变化发生在天山中南部, 出现明显的南北向挤压缩短．   相似文献   

Sedimentary Records of Evolution of Heavy Metals in Songhua Lake,Northeast China     

Libo Hao  Liji Sun  Yuyan Zhao  Jilong Lu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(10):1010-1017

In this paper, the vertical variations of heavy metal elements (including Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sediments of Songhua Lake are analyzed using sediment cores. A 70‐year evolutionary history of these heavy metal elements in Songhua Lake is described and the sources of the heavy metals in the sediments are investigated by evaluating the pollution characteristics of the metals in terms of their enrichment coefficients and geoaccumulation indexes. The results indicate that Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments originated mainly from basin erosion and were transported to the lake by rivers. Cd and Hg in the sediments also originated from basin erosion that occurred prior to the mid‐1990s, and these sediments have since been overlaid by artificial pollution. The distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Songhua Lake is influenced by many factors, including sediment composition, the relative importance of fluvial input, and artificial pollution.  相似文献   

基于SuperMap GIS的道路网络特征分析     

王少华  卢浩  黄骞  梁启君 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(Z1):109-112

道路网络特征分析是进行交通网络分析的基础,本文基于SuperMap GIS分析了道路网络特征,其中包括网络统计特征、网络中心性等网络特征,并以北京市道路网络数据为例进行了实验分析,实验结果表明SuperMapGIS是研究道路网络特征分析的重要计算平台。  相似文献   

倾斜影像的量测方法研究     

王卿  吴晓明  刘力荣  李豪 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(9)

随着“数字地球”“数字城市”的提出,能够快速获取空间数据基础信息成为当今急需解决的问题之一。传统的航空摄影测量主要是对地物顶部信息的获取,而对侧面信息获取比较困难,因此倾斜航空测量技术成为国内外快速发展起来的一门高新技术。本文主要论述了基于倾斜影像量测的几种方法,并对以后量测方法的发展趋势进行了说明。  相似文献   

铁路测量中坐标系的建立与转换     

方青  聂怀昌  施建平  付浩 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(12):267-269,271

在铁路测量中,长度投影变形要求小于2．5cm／km。但是由于铁路为典型的线性工程,通常横跨多个投影带,因此采用国家标准3。带难以满足铁路测量精度要求,本文通过分析高斯投影长度变形,提出分段建立独立坐标系的方法,控制长度投影变形,满足精度要求,最后介绍利用GlobalMapper软件实现两个独立坐标系的转换。  相似文献   

三维/三维构造下大地电磁相位张量数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

王书明  李德山  胡浩 《地球物理学报》2013,56(5):1745-1752

当地表存在三维非均匀电导率分布时,区域大地电磁响应发生畸变. 以往对这种畸变研究多假设近地表为三维,区域构造为一维或二维. 对于更一般的三维/三维构造,为了分析并消除这种畸变影响,真实反映地下三维区域构造信息,本文实现了三维大地电磁相位张量积分方程数值算法,并研究在不同地质模型下相位张量响应. 结果表明,相位张量不仅可以反映一般三维构造信息,亦可有效反映复杂近地表构造下三维区域构造信息,而无须假设区域构造为一维或二维,证明相位张量具有较强抗近地表局部非均匀构造干扰能力,能够保持更为一般的三维区域构造信息. 为了加快正演计算,同时保持一定精度,算法采用了积分方程多网格法.  相似文献