长输管道抗震研究的新进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈贵清  郝婷玥  吴班  王兴国 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(3):193-196

本文主要从以下4个方面:地震对长输管道的危害、长输管道震害的研究方法、管道抗震分析和管道抗震的措施,介绍了近几年长输管道抗震方面的研究进展,指出了今后长输管道的研究方向。  相似文献   

CA FCM方案与其它几种人工增雨评估方案的比较     

房彬  肖辉  班显秀 《气象科技》2008,36(5):612-621

对河南省12次飞机增雨作业,分别采用作业区域趋势对比双比分析评估方案、区域趋势相关回归分析方案、区域趋势协变量多元回归分析方案、浮动对比区历史回归分析方案（FCM）、以降水量为协变量的CAFCM（ClusterAnalysis〖CD*2〗based Floating Control historical regression Method）方案和以降水量和整层大气可降水量为协变量的CAFCM方案进行效果评估,均得到大于15％的相对增雨量。对结果比较分析表明：协变量由降水量和整层大气降水量两个组成的C  相似文献   

Systematic marine conservation planning in data-poor regions: Socioeconomic data is essential   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Natalie C. Ban  Gretchen J.A. Hansen  Michael Jones  Amanda C.J. Vincent   《Marine Policy》2009,33(5):794-800

Systematic planning for conservation is highly regarded but relies on spatially explicit data that are lacking in many areas of conservation concern. The decision support tool Marxan is applied to a reef system in the central Philippines where 30 marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established in communities without much use of biophysical data. The intent was to explore how Marxan might assist with the legally required expansion to protect 15% of marine waters, and how existing MPAs might affect that process. Results show that biophysical information alone did not provide much guidance in identifying patterns of conservation importance in areas where the data are poor. Socioeconomic data were needed to distinguish among possible areas for protection; but here, as elsewhere in marine environments, the availability of such data was very limited. In the final analysis, local knowledge and integrated understanding of socioeconomic realities may offer the best spatially explicit information. The 30 existing MPAs, which encompassed a small proportion of the reef system, did not limit future options in developing a suite of MPAs on a broader scale. Rather, they appeared to generate the support for MPAs that is obligatory for any larger zoning effort. In summary, establishing MPAs based on community-driven criteria has biological and social value, but efforts should be made to collect ecological and socioeconomic data to guide the continued creation of MPAs.  相似文献   

基于环流和海温的稻曲病指数长期预报模型研究     

刘文菁  徐敏  徐经纬  任义方 《气象科学》2018,38(5):659-665

稻曲病属于典型的"气象型"病害,为了提前预报出适宜稻曲病发生的气象等级与提供足够的防治准备时间,根据中长期天气预报原理,充分考虑大气环流和太平洋海温对区域气象条件影响的滞后性,利用近40 a的江苏逐日气象观测资料、大气环流指数和海温资料,采用空间拓扑原理和最优相关普查等统计方法,挑选出了对综合稻曲病指数影响最显著的预报因子,并通过滑动平均和主成分识别等检验方法确保预报因子的稳定性和独立性,最终分别建立了基于大气环流因子和基于海温因子的综合稻曲病指数长期预报模型。经过检验,两种模型的模拟效果均理想,能提前一个月预报出综合稻曲病指数以及对应的发病气象等级。  相似文献   

Assessment of second- and third-order ionospheric effects on regional networks: case study in China with longer CMONOC GPS coordinate time series     

Liansheng Deng  Weiping Jiang  Zhao Li  Hua Chen  Kaihua Wang  Yifang Ma 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(2):207-227

Higher-order ionospheric (HOI) delays are one of the principal technique-specific error sources in precise global positioning system analysis and have been proposed to become a standard part of precise GPS data processing. In this research, we apply HOI delay corrections to the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China’s (CMONOC) data processing (from January 2000 to December 2013) and furnish quantitative results for the effects of HOI on CMONOC coordinate time series. The results for both a regional reference frame and global reference frame are analyzed and compared to clarify the HOI effects on the CMONOC network. We find that HOI corrections can effectively reduce the semi-annual signals in the northern and vertical components. For sites with lower semi-annual amplitudes, the average decrease in magnitude can reach 30 and 10 % for the northern and vertical components, respectively. The noise amplitudes with HOI corrections and those without HOI corrections are not significantly different. Generally, the HOI effects on CMONOC networks in a global reference frame are less obvious than the results in the regional reference frame, probably because the HOI-induced errors are smaller in comparison to the higher noise levels seen when using a global reference frame. Furthermore, we investigate the combined contributions of environmental loading and HOI effects on the CMONOC stations. The largest loading effects on the vertical displacement are found in the mid- to high-latitude areas. The weighted root mean square differences between the corrected and original weekly GPS height time series of the loading model indicate that the mass loading adequately reduced the scatter on the CMONOC height time series, whereas the results in the global reference frame showed better agreements between the GPS coordinate time series and the environmental loading. When combining the effects of environmental loading and HOI corrections, the results with the HOI corrections reduced the scatter on the observed GPS height coordinates better than the height when estimated without HOI corrections, and the combined solutions in the regional reference frame indicate more preferred improvements. Therefore, regional reference frames are recommended to investigate the HOI effects on regional networks.  相似文献   

A Social–Ecological Systems Approach to Assessing Conservation and Fisheries Outcomes in Fijian Locally Managed Marine Areas     

Stacy D. Jupiter  Graham Epstein  Natalie C. Ban  Sangeeta Mangubhai  Margaret Fox  Michael Cox 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1096-1111

Locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) are often recommended as a strategy to achieve conservation and fisheries management, though few studies have evaluated their performance against these objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of eight periodically harvested closures (PHCs), the most common form of management within Fijian LMMAs, focusing on two outcomes: protection of resource units and biodiversity conservation. Of the eight PHCs, only one provided biodiversity benefits, whereas three were moderately successful in protecting resource units (targeted fish biomass). Protection of resource units was more likely when PHCs were harvested less frequently, less recently, and when total fish biomass in open areas was lower. Our findings further suggest that monitoring, enforcement, and clearly defined boundaries are critical, less frequent harvesting regimes are advised, and culturally appropriate management incentives are needed. Although PHCs have some potential to protect resource units, they are not recommended as a single strategy for broad-scale biodiversity conservation.  相似文献   

降水粒子的最大直径对速度三阶中心矩法的影响     

蒋义芳  汤达章 《气象科学》2001,21(1):80-86

本文大用多普勒雷达垂直探测的速度估测大气垂直速度的方法－速度三阶中心短法（简称M3法）的基础上，利用雨滴谱资料，分析了降水粒子的最大直径Dmax对M3法的影响，并从实际工作出发，用反射率因子和多普勒谱宽拟合了Dmax和雨强（I),提高了大气垂直速度的估计精度。  相似文献   

Studies of the Principles of Environmental Planning for the Beijing—Tianjin—Bohai Bay Area     

万国江  陈业材等 《中国地球化学学报》1991,10(2):153-165

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综合长期预报方法及对旱涝季度与超季度预报试验   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

黄荣辉  杨广基  吴仪芳 《大气科学》1990,14(1):26-31

本文简要地介绍我们在对旱涝规律与成因研究的基础上所提出的综合长期预报方法,这种方法是由一个描述准定常行星波异常的动力机制模式、相关分析、环流型、时间序列与回归分析等的综合。经过多年的预报实践,证明它是提高旱涝超季度预报准确率的一种可行方法。  相似文献   

Seasonal Changes in Nano/Micro-Zooplankton Herbivory and Heterotrophic Nano-Flagellates Bacterivory off Cape Esan, Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan     

Akiyoshi Shinada  Syuhei Ban  Tsutomu Ikeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):609-618

Seasonal changes in nano/micro-zooplankton grazing on pico-, nano- and micro-size phytoplankton and heterotrophic nano-flagellates (HNF) feeding on heterotrophic bacteria were quantified by the dilution technique in the surface layer off Cape Esan, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Pico- and nano-size phytoplankton were major components throughout the year except in spring when a diatom bloom was observed. Although there was little seasonal variation in bacteria and HNF biomass throughout the year, the micro-zooplankton biomass varied appreciably with a peak in spring. Nano/micro-zooplankton grazing or feeding on pico-size chl-a and bacteria were well balanced throughout the year. However, nano-size and micro-size chl-a growth were much greater than grazing in summer. Nano/micro-zooplankton ingestion of phytoplankton was greater than their ingestion of bacteria almost throughout the year, which suggests phytoplankton are more important as food sources of nano/micro-zooplankton in microbial food webs off Cape Esan than bacteria off Cape Esan. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献