Pseudo-reservoir stimulation in horizontal well is an effective technique for indirectly extracting coalbed methane (CBM) in soft coal from the surrounding rocks (pseudo-reservoir). However, systematic studies of the theory and on-site application of this technique are still lacking, which severely hinders its application. In this paper, the technical principles of pseudo-reservoir stimulation are analyzed firstly, and then, the technical advantages are demonstrated by experimental tests and theoretical analysis. The results show that the pseudo-reservoir generally possesses considerable gas adsorption capacity, with the gas content of 1.56–4.22 cm3/g (avg. 2.51 cm3/g) in Well XC-01, which can be extracted as supplementary resources. The fracability of the pseudo-reservoirs is 0.73–0.92, which is much higher than that of the coal seam, i.e., 0.03–0.43. Meanwhile, the compressive and tensile strength and cohesion of the pseudo-reservoir are higher than those of the coal seam, indicating pseudo-reservoir stimulation is more conducive to forming fracture network, and maintaining wellbore stability and fracture conductivity. The technical feasibility of pseudo-reservoir stimulation is determined by the regional geological conditions, showing simple tectonic conditions and well-developed surrounding rocks with high fracability and mechanical strength but low permeability, water sensitivity and water content are beneficial for the technique application. Note that the fracture conductivity in pseudo-reservoir is more stable and higher than that in coal seam, pseudo-reservoir stimulation is beneficial for the CBM extraction from both hard and soft coal seams. By minimizing the gas diffusion distance, this technique overcomes the technical obstacles to the CBM commercialized production in soft coal.
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远离岸线的中距离(30~50 km)海域缺少测绘基础资料,高程传递尚未形成相应的作业体系。为满足海上工程建设的精度要求,采用同步验潮平均海面传递法、GNSS/水准传递法以及DTU18全球平均海面模型传递法,在山东省半封闭海域与开阔海域进行了中距离海上高程传递实验。实验结果表明,15天同步验潮平均海面传递法与GNSS/水准法的精度相当(厘米级),与DTU18全球平均海面模型传递法进行直接传递的差异在15 cm内,可为不同测绘基础条件下海上风电高程基准传递提供作业参考。 相似文献
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Wang Qian Su Xianbo Su Linan Guo Hongyu Song Jinxing Zhu Zengliang 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(6):3873-3893
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为了验证风云三号D星MERSI传感器的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）数据对地面PM2.5的污染过程预报的效果,本文基于WRF-Chem（Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry）大气化学模式和三维变分同化方法,针对2020-02-10—2020-02-12中国北方地区的一次PM2.5重污染过程,进行了同化和预报试验研究。同化数据来自常规地面站点的PM2.5浓度数据和风云三号D星MERSI传感器的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）数据。控制试验不同化任何资料,3组同化试验分别为仅同化地面PM2.5,仅同化卫星AOD,以及同时同化PM2.5和卫星AOD两种资料。结果表明,3组同化试验都可以有效提高初始场准确率,以地面PM2.5作为检验标准,仅同化PM2.5、仅同化AOD、同时同化两种资料相对于控制试验,初始场的平均偏差分别降低54.9%、21.9%和49.0%,平均相关系数分别提升51.4%、16.0%和34.0%,平均均方根误差分别降低50.6%、17.2%和42.3%。以卫星AOD作为检验标准,3组同化试验相对于控制试验,初始场的平均偏差分别降低37.6%、78.4%和83%,平均均方根误差分别降低31.6%、62.2%和65.2%。同化后的初始场对预报有显著的改进,改进持续时间达24 h,以地面PM2.5作为检验标准,同时同化两种资料的试验对24 h预报的平均偏差减少19.7%,相关系数提升8.8%,均方根误差减少17.2%;以卫星AOD作为检验标准,24 h预报的平均偏差减少40.1%,相关系数提升25.9%,均方根误差降低34.7%。试验结论为,相对于仅同化地面PM2.5资料,同化风云卫星AOD资料可以提升后期预报效果。 相似文献
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依据已有山东省第二次土地调查DOM和DEM数据,通过核线共线方程原理恢复生成大场景三维立体模型,然后进行架空送电线路路径优选、测量平断面图及外业采集交叉跨越和断面数据精确拟合等数据处理、进行三维漫游等,主要研究将测量标准4D数据应用到中架空送电工程勘测设计全过程中,该文通过工程实际应用,提出了应用方法及作业注意事项等。 相似文献
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依据已有山东省第二次土地调查DOM和DEM数据,通过核线共线方程原理恢复生成大场景三维立体模型,然后进行架空送电线路路径优选、测量平断面图及外业采集交叉跨越和断面数据精确拟合等数据处理、进行三维漫游等,主要研究将测量标准4D数据应用到中架空送电工程勘测设计全过程中,该文通过工程实际应用,提出了应用方法及作业注意事项等。 相似文献
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