Here we report iron (Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards (IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST 3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials (RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing (SSB), Ni doping?+?SSB, and 57Fe–58Fe double spike?+?SSB. Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ56Fe within?±?0.05 of recommended values, provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported (δ56Fe?=?0.363?±?0.006, 2SE, 95% CI; and δ57Fe?=?0.534?±?0.010, 2SE). 相似文献
This paper reports the first photosynthetic study of marestail in Jiuzhaigou. In this work, we used PAM fluorometry to examine
photosynthetic rates of submerged and emerged marestail in three lakes. Three lakes were studied across a gradient of water
temperature, with low water temperature conditions in Grass Lake and Arrow Bamboo Lake, and higher water temperature in Five
Colored Lake. In the field, electron transport rates (ETRmax) were measured as rapid light curves (RLCs) by in situ yield measurements. Submerged and emerged marestail showed higher
photosynthetic activity in Five Colored Lake compared to the other lakes, a response consistent with the adaptation of marestail
in Five Colored Lake to high water temperature. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis of submerged marestail in Jiuzhaigou
was about 12 °C. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of submerged and emerged marestail increased with increasing water temperature.
Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of submerged marestail in Five Colored Lake showed full recovery at 1700 h due to higher NPQ. Further, the chlorophyll a for submerged marestail was the highest in Grass Lake and the lowest in Five Colored Lake. These results indicate that in
different lakes the function of these aquatic plants is associated with a diversity of place-dependent environmental conditions,
especially water temperature that leads to pronounced differences in the plant’s ecophysiological reactions. 相似文献
Pseudo-reservoir stimulation in horizontal well is an effective technique for indirectly extracting coalbed methane (CBM) in soft coal from the surrounding rocks (pseudo-reservoir). However, systematic studies of the theory and on-site application of this technique are still lacking, which severely hinders its application. In this paper, the technical principles of pseudo-reservoir stimulation are analyzed firstly, and then, the technical advantages are demonstrated by experimental tests and theoretical analysis. The results show that the pseudo-reservoir generally possesses considerable gas adsorption capacity, with the gas content of 1.56–4.22 cm3/g (avg. 2.51 cm3/g) in Well XC-01, which can be extracted as supplementary resources. The fracability of the pseudo-reservoirs is 0.73–0.92, which is much higher than that of the coal seam, i.e., 0.03–0.43. Meanwhile, the compressive and tensile strength and cohesion of the pseudo-reservoir are higher than those of the coal seam, indicating pseudo-reservoir stimulation is more conducive to forming fracture network, and maintaining wellbore stability and fracture conductivity. The technical feasibility of pseudo-reservoir stimulation is determined by the regional geological conditions, showing simple tectonic conditions and well-developed surrounding rocks with high fracability and mechanical strength but low permeability, water sensitivity and water content are beneficial for the technique application. Note that the fracture conductivity in pseudo-reservoir is more stable and higher than that in coal seam, pseudo-reservoir stimulation is beneficial for the CBM extraction from both hard and soft coal seams. By minimizing the gas diffusion distance, this technique overcomes the technical obstacles to the CBM commercialized production in soft coal.
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) function widely and locate dependently in genome. However, their characteristics are often ignored due to the lack of genomic sequences of most species. Kelp (Saccharina japonica), a brown macroalga, is extensively cultured in China. In this study, the genome of S. japonica was surveyed using an Illumina sequencing platform, and its microsatellites were characterized. The preliminarily assembled genome was 469.4 Mb in size, with a scaffold N50 of 20529 bp. Among the 128370 identified microsatellites, 90671, 25726 and 11973 were found in intergenic regions, introns and exons, averaging 339.3, 178.8 and 205.4 microsatellites per Mb, respectively. These microsatellites distributed unevenly in S. japonica genome. Mononucleotide motifs were the most abundant in the genome, while trinucleotide ones were the most prevalent in exons. The microsatellite abundance decreased significantly with the increase of motif repeat numbers, and the microsatellites with a small number of repeats accounted for a higher proportion of the exons than those of the intergenic regions and introns. C/G-rich motifs were more common in exons than in intergenic regions and introns. These characteristics of microsatellites in S. japonica genome may associate with their functions, and ultimately their adaptation and evolution. Among the 120140 pairs of designed microsatellite primers, approximately 75% were predicted to be able to amplify S. japonica DNA. These microsatellite markers will be extremely useful for the genetic breeding and population evolution studies of kelp. 相似文献