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GUAN Fulai ZHENG Youfei CAI Ziying YU Changwen ZHANG Nan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(4):494-505
Solar radiation is an important energy source for plants on the earth and also a major component of the global energy balance.Variations in solar radiation incident at the earth's surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment,including the climate change.To provide useful information for predicting the future climate change in China,distinctive regional features in spatial and temporal variations of the surface solar radiation (SSR) and corresponding attributions (such as cloud and aerosol) are analyzed based on SSR observations and other meteorological measurements in North and East China from 1961 to 2007.Multiple models,such as the plane-parallel radiative transfer model,empirical and statistical models,and corrclation and regrcssion analysis methods are used in the study.The results are given as follows.(1) During 1961-2007,the total SSR in North China went through a process from quickly “dimming” to slowly “dimming”,while in East China,a significant transition from “dimming” to “brightening” occurred.Although there are some differences between thc two regional variation trends,long-term variations in SSR in the two regions are basically consistent with the observation worldwide.(2) Between the 1960s and 1980s,in both North and East China,aerosols played a critical rolc in the radiation dimming.However,after 1989,different variation trends of SSR occurred in North and East China,indicating that aerosols were not the dominant factor.(3) Cloud cover contributed less to the variation of SSR in North China,but was thc major attribution in East China and played a promoting role in the reversal of SSR from dimming to brightening,especially in the “remarkable brightening” period,with its contribution as high as 70％. 相似文献
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Solar radiation is an important energy source for plants on the earth and also a major component of the global energy balance. Variations in solar radiation incident at the earth’s surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment, including the climate change. To provide useful information for predicting the future climate change in China, distinctive regional features in spatial and temporal variations of the surface solar radiation (SSR) and corresponding attributions (such as cloud and aer... 相似文献
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强沙尘暴天气形成机制个例分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从气候背景、天气形势、地形作用、沙尘形成热力和动力学机制等方面,分别对2005年4月19、20日两天发生在冀南地区的扬沙、沙尘暴天气进行分析。结果表明:对流层低层横切变线和华北地形槽的存在使冀南地区沙尘天气加剧;沙尘发生前冀南弱辐合上升运动和上冷下暖的不稳定垂直结构可以迫使当地沙尘向空中扬起,上游地区较强的上升运动将当地的沙尘垂直输送到空中,在高空强西北气流的引导下将沙尘水平输送到下游地区;沙尘天气发生在上游地区对流层螺旋度最大正值区的下游,对流层螺旋度大小对沙尘暴预报有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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This study simulated the moisture transport process of southern China annually first rainy season (SCAFRS) using a Lagrangian airflow trajectory model (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory: HYSPLIT), to determine SCAFRS moisture transport characteristics and their relationship with South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). It is found that the moisture transport paths and sources of SCAFRS are closely related to the onset of SCSSM. Divided by SCSSM onset dates, the moisture transport characteristics of SCAFRS are compared quantitatively. Before the onset of SCSSM, precipitation of SCAFRS mainly comes from western Pacific and eastern China. Their contributions are 24% and 25%, respectively. The amount of water vapor carried along the path coming from Bay of Bengal-South China Sea (BSC) is relatively high, but the contribution rate of this path to SCAFRS precipitation is relatively low. Mainly due to strong precipitation over Bay of Bengal before the onset of SCSSM, this region is a moisture sink, which makes most moisture deposit in this region and only a small portion of water vapor transported to southern China. After the onset of SCSSM, most water vapor is transported to southern China by the southwesterly paths. The Indian Ocean is the main moisture source, which contributes almost 25% to SCAFRS precipitation. The contributions of moisture originating from BSC and eastern China to southern China precipitation after the onset of SCSSM are 21% and 18%, respectively. 相似文献
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为定量研究黄瓜生长发育对积温的需求,提高日光温室黄瓜生长的预测能力和种植效益,本文利用多年日常管理下日光温室内小气候和黄瓜生长的观测数据,采用数理统计方法,分析不同年度不同茬口下日光温室黄瓜叶片和果实的生长规律,以及黄瓜叶片和果实生长与所需有效积温的关系,并确定黄瓜植株致死的积温指标。结果表明:整个生育期内,黄瓜叶片数随生育进程呈S型变化,一根黄瓜生长遵循先慢后快的规律;不同茬口的黄瓜叶片每增加一叶所需有效积温均呈不对称“U”型,即叶片生长初期和生长中后期,每增加一叶所需的有效积温多于叶片生长中期所需的有效积温,整个生育期内平均每增加一叶所需8—40℃有效积温为33—37℃·d;一根黄瓜从坐果到采收需要15—35℃的有效积温为110—130℃·d;若温室内反复出现10℃以下、5℃以上的温度条件时,且反复过程所累积的10—5℃有效积温达8℃·d左右时,黄瓜植株即会死亡。上述积温指标在日光温室黄瓜生产中具有现实的指导意义。 相似文献
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为进一步探讨我国地面太阳辐射的变化规律及其原因,选择我国南方中东部地区,利用该区域1961—2007年33个站点的地面太阳总辐射资料,结合云量、大气水汽含量和能见度等观测资料,综合研究该区域地面太阳总辐射的变化规律及其原因。结果表明:1961—1989年,我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射呈下降趋势,之后发生逆转,1995年后其变化趋于缓和,1961—2007年总体呈现变暗—变亮—变缓的趋势。究其原因,该区域云量平均值由峰入谷、云量下降速率由快变慢可能是产生此变化趋势的原因之一;其次,20世纪80年代到21世纪初,气溶胶光学厚度上升趋势减缓,气溶胶地面辐射强迫变化趋于缓和,某些区域甚至出现下降,也导致部分站点地面太阳总辐射由暗变亮。 相似文献
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为探讨黄海海洋涡旋的三维结构特征、能量输送与转换及影响机制,对黄海海域典型台风海洋气旋与近海海湾反气旋式涡旋个例进行数值模拟和时空诊断分析。采用FVCOM(Finite Volume Community Ocean Model)区域海洋数值模式精细化描述台风海洋涡旋与近海海洋中小尺度涡旋系统。对涡旋能量传输特征模拟显示,气旋式和反气旋式海洋涡旋中,非对称强流区动能能量下传比涡旋中心部位的强度更强,维持时间更长,下传深度更深。反气旋式海洋涡旋因Ekman流动形成的向中心辐合作用,造成此类差异更显著。气旋涡的动能主要来源于台风的近海面风应力动能和海洋涡旋有效位能的转换,反气旋涡旋区域风动力偏弱,其动能强度维持在低位,其涡旋增强伴随着有效位能的增加。环境因子影响机制从风浪,底摩擦和地形三方面讨论。结果显示:耦合波浪模块后,台风强风应力和风浪的综合作用扩大台风海洋涡旋尺度,并增强涡旋环流强度,同时对相邻的反气旋涡有压缩和减弱作用。风浪效应对台风海洋涡旋有正贡献。强台风过程表层环流响应台风应力而浅水地形和底摩擦强烈影响涡旋下层,造成台风海洋涡旋结构在垂直方向上偏移,并影响到下层环流速度减小,流向与表层相反。在海洋气旋涡和反气旋涡的显著辐散区,其混合层下方有温盐要素的涌升对应,辐合区有温盐要素的下沉对应;同时海底地形的升降也造成温盐强迫上升与下降,其强度与地形起伏尺度成正比,较环流系统作用更强。 相似文献
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2007年秋季河北地区云微物理结构的飞机探测分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2007年飞机探测资料,对河北地区云微物理结构进行了分析。结果表明,高层云底部云滴数大于中上部,随高度增加粒子直径增大。最大云中液态水含量为0.25g.m-3,底层平均云中液态水含量为0.025g.m-3。层积云中上部数浓度高于底部,云滴数浓度变化范围为10～80cm-3,云滴平均直径为7.56μm,总趋势随高度增加云滴直径先增大后减小。云滴谱变窄、双峰消失与含水量的起伏有一定的关系。综合增雨作业资料,发现有时预设的飞机作业高度并不是十分合理,在飞机性能条件允许的情况下,可以适当提高或降低作业高度,人工增雨的效果可能更好。鉴于作业层的温度,9月29日和13日可以考虑使用液氮或液态CO2等制冷剂进行催化。 相似文献
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基于标准化降水指数的石家庄干旱时空特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
干旱是影响石家庄的主要气象灾害之一。基于1972～2006年石家庄市17个气象站的逐月降水资料,采用标准化降水指数,分析了石家庄的干旱时空分布特征。结果表明,石家庄干旱的发生程度具有阶段性特征,20世纪70年代和90年代是比较严重的干旱阶段,70年代春旱严重,到90年代夏秋旱比较严重。用主成分分析对石家庄干旱的空间分布特征进行分析,石家庄干旱在空间分布上具有显著的一致性,同时也存在一定的区域性,根据因子分析将石家庄分为北部、东部和南部3个区域,90年代后较90年代前东部和南部干旱有所增多,北部减少。 相似文献