排序方式： 共有80条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
随着信息技术的发展,网络空间与国家安全、军事、政治、经济、生活息息相关,网络空间地图作为人类认识复杂网络空间的工具越来越得到重视,但已有研究较为零碎和分散。针对网络空间自身特点,以网络空间地图可视化任务需求为牵引,系统综述了网络空间地图可视化的研究现状,辨析了网络空间地图需重点关注的研究方向。从地图学的角度探讨了网络空间的特点,引入隐喻理论探索了网络空间的组成及要素分类,探究了网络空间地图可视化的任务;对各类网络空间要素可视化方法进行了体系化分析,梳理了研究进展并进行了总结分析。研究认为,网络空间地图可视化基础理论、网络空间与地理空间的映射以及虚拟形态要素的可视化研究等是网路空间地图的未来研究趋势。 相似文献
52.
《Quaternary Research》2014,81(3):508-512
Understanding precipitation variation, drought and flood history, and their associated forcing mechanisms are important to human society. In this study, five moisture-sensitive tree-ring width chronologies are used to represent variations in precipitation over the past millennium on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP). We find a strong coherency between chronologies in the NETP, indicating a common response to regional climate during the last millennium. The first principal component of the five chronologies (PC1) correlates significantly with regional precipitation and can thus be used as an indicator of regional precipitation variations. Dry spells, even more severe than the 1920s drought, occurred during AD 1139–1152, 1294–1309, 1446–1503 and 1708–1726. Previous studies in this area using other proxies also identified these droughts. Multi-Taper spectral analysis demonstrates significant periodicities at 205 yr and 73 yr, plus a range of ~ 2 yr cycles, suggesting possible linkage with solar variation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). PC1 also shows coherent patterns with solar irradiance variation: the precipitation tends to reach low values during the well-known solar minimum. 相似文献
53.
为解决世界各国高程基准差异的问题,提出联合卫星重力场模型、地面重力数据、GNSS大地高、局部高程基准的正高或正常高,按大地边值问题法确定局部高程基准重力位差的方法。首先推导了利用传统地面"有偏"重力异常确定高程基准重力位差的方法;接着利用改化Stokes核函数削弱"有偏"重力异常的影响,并联合卫星重力场模型和地面"有偏"重力数据,得到独立于任何局部高程基准的重力水准面,以此来确定局部高程基准重力位差;最后利用GNSS+水准数据和重力大地水准面确定了美国高程基准与全球高程基准W0的重力位差为-4.82±0.05 m2s-2。 相似文献
54.
随着测站和卫星数量的不断增加,大规模GNSS网的数据处理面临越来越大的挑战。将载波相位观测量转化为载波伪距是提高大规模GNSS网数据处理效率的有效方法。本文提出在精密单点定位基础上进行星间单差模糊度固定生成载波伪距的方法。采用中国大陆构造环境监测网络（陆态网）观测数据进行了验证。结果表明,对于包含252个测站的观测网,采用载波伪距进行整网解的处理时间不超过20 min。剔除异常测站后,240个陆态网测站的月坐标重复精度在N、E和U方向的均值分别为0.74、0.85和2.53 mm,略优于原始数据整网解的结果。本文还探讨了采用原始数据和载波伪距进行整网解的关系,利用带约束条件的观测模型对不同方法生成的载波伪距应用于整网解的原理进行统一解释,并指出了载波伪距整网解与原始数据整网解的理论等效性。 相似文献
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通过对国标矢量数据转换过程的分析,研究转换过程中几何精度损失的具体问题,提出了三种用于检验转换过程中几何精度损失的评估模型。实验结果表明,该评估模型在不同数据量和数据难度的情况下所产生的结果和模型的复杂度有较大关系。 相似文献
56.
Impact of GPS differential code bias in dual- and triple-frequency positioning and satellite clock estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The features and differences of various GPS differential code bias (DCB)s are discussed. The application of these biases in dual- and triple-frequency satellite clock estimation is introduced based on this discussion. A method for estimating the satellite clock error from triple-frequency uncombined observations is presented to meet the need of the triple-frequency uncombined precise point positioning (PPP). In order to evaluate the estimated satellite clock error, the performance of these biases in dual- and triple-frequency positioning is studied. Analysis of the inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB), which is a result of constant and time-varying frequency-dependent hardware delays, in ionospheric-free code-based (P1/P5) single point positioning indicates that its influence on the up direction is more pronounced than on the north and east directions. When the IFCB is corrected, the mean improvements are about 29, 35 and 52% for north, east and up directions, respectively. Considering the contribution of code observations to PPP convergence time, the performance of DCB(P1–P2), DCB(P1–P5) and IFCB in GPS triple-frequency PPP convergence is investigated. The results indicate that the DCB correction can accelerate PPP convergence by means of improving the accuracy of the code observation. The performance of these biases in positioning further verifies the correctness of the estimated dual- and triple-frequency satellite clock error. 相似文献
57.
随着全球卫星导航系统的发展,GNSS卫星发播多频观测量已成必然趋势。然而,目前IGS分析中心依然使用双频观测量的策略进行轨道、钟差等产品的解算,并没有顾及额外频点观测量对定轨产品带来的效益。本文使用两个双频无电离层组合（IF）作为观测模型,研究第三频点观测量对轨道、钟差及测站位置精度的改善。在观测方程中将卫星端的相位偏差分成时变和时不变分量,通过对两个IF组合的观测方程进行参数重组,推导了与IGS钟差产品基准一致的满秩观测模型。基于超宽巷、宽巷和窄巷双差模糊度构建策略,给出了三频观测量的模糊度固定方法。首先以12颗GPS Block IIF卫星为例,在两种测站布局情况下进行L1/L2 IF双频定轨（S1）、L1/L5 IF双频定轨（S2）、L1/L2和L1/L5两个IF组合的三频定轨（S3）试验。结果表明S3方案最优,测站均匀、不均匀情况下轨道结果S3相较S1分别改善10%以内、10%左右,钟差的RMS略有改善,STD分别改善6.4%、10.0%,而S3相较S2的改善幅度更小,改善百分比基本在5%以内。随后进行了BDS单系统定轨,并使用激光检核轨道,表明三频定轨较B1/B3定轨结果改善显著,但是较B1/B2方案结果改善微弱,可能的原因是天线相位中心误差改正值不准确。 相似文献
58.
机载微波大气温度探测仪可以机动灵活地获取大气温度廓线信息。针对一次机载微波大气温度探测仪的多高度飞行观测试验,基于逐线积分模式和大气参数廓线库,建立用于不同飞行高度的快速辐射传输模式,分析了仪器观测亮温的质量并对仪器观测进行了订正;建立了基于神经网络的微波大气温度廓线反演算式,分析了不同高度、不同通道选择对于大气温度廓线反演性能的影响。研究结果表明:（1）较低飞行高度计算得到的各地表敏感通道地表比辐射率之间具有较好的一致性;（2）采用订正算式订正后,不同飞行高度的模拟亮温与观测亮温具有较好的一致性;（3）机载微波大气温度反演最优通道组合依赖于平台飞行高度;（4）采用最优的通道组合,4 200 m、3 200 m和2 500 m高度层温度反演均方根误差范围分别为0.5~1.8 K、0.5~1.3 K和0.4~1.0 K。 相似文献
59.
利用分布活动断层带的GNSS位移时空序列,基于卡尔曼滤波和主成分分析,研究了一套集GNSS时空噪声处理与断层瞬态无震蠕滑信息时空分布检测于一体的方法.基于一阶高斯马尔科夫理论表述了瞬时蠕滑信息与时空噪声的运动状态方程,通过卡尔曼滤波提高了时间域信噪比;根据断层形变高空间相关性的特点,通过主成分时空分析,提高了空间域信噪比.模拟试验结果表明,当断层滑移引起的地表位移大小至少与噪声水平相当时,均可检测得到断层瞬态无震蠕滑时空分布及其滑移特征.以Cascadia慢滑移事件为例,清晰地检测到了两次无震蠕滑信息,分析其蠕滑特征与相关研究结果吻合.通过对滇西2011—2013年陆态网GNSS连续站数据的处理,分析发现了期间有微弱的震后余滑信息,主要表现在澜沧江断裂、红河断裂和小江断裂的南段.其时空分布特征与2011年3月24日的缅甸MW7.2级地震相对应.因此,得出了2011—2013年期间云南地区的断层活动可能与缅甸地震带有着密切的关系的结论. 相似文献
60.
Yang Yuanxi Liu Yanxiong Sun Dajun Xu Tianhe Xue Shuqiang Han Yunfeng Zeng Anmin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1188-1198
Seafloor geodetic network construction involves the development of geodetic station shelter, network configuration design, location selection and layout, surveying strategy, observation model establishment and optimization, data processing strategy and so on. This paper tries to present main technological problems involved in the seafloor geodetic network construction, and seek the technically feasible solutions. Basic conceptions of developing seafloor geodetic station shelters for shallow sea and deep-sea are described respectively. The overall criteria of seafloor geodetic network construction for submarine navigation and those of network design for crustal motion monitoring are both proposed. In order to enhance application performances of the seafloor geodetic network, the seafloor network configuration should prefer a symmetrical network structure. The sea surface tracking line measurements for determining the seafloor geodetic station position should also adopt an approximately symmetrical configuration, and we recommend circle tracking line observations combined with cross-shaped line(or double cross-shape line) observations for the seafloor positioning mode. As to the offset correction between the Global Navigation Satellite System antenna phase center and the acoustic transducer, it is recommended to combine the calibration through external measurements and model parameter estimation. Besides, it is suggested to correct the sound speed error with a combination of observation value correction and parameterized model correction, and to mainly use the model correction to reduce the influence of acoustic ray error on the seafloor positioning. Following the proposed basic designs, experiments are performed in shallow sea area and deep-sea area respectively. Based on the developed seafloor geodetic shelter and sufficient verification in the shallow sea experiment, a long-term seafloor geodetic station in the deep-sea area of 3000 m depth was established for the first time, and the preliminary positioning result shows that the internal precision of this station is better than 5 cm. 相似文献