Fractal Dimension and Fractals in Ocean Engineering   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Fu Yuhua Senior Engineer  China Offshore Oil Engineering Corporation  P. O. Box  Beijing 《中国海洋工程》1994,(3)

- This paper discusses the application of fractal dimension and fractals in ocean engineering. To handle some ocean environment problems, the existing fractal method, in which the fractal dimension is a constant, can be used. For some complicated problems in ocean engineering, this paper presents the concept of the variable dimension fractals (D = f(r)), i. e., the fractal dimension D is the function of characteristic scale r instead of a constant. By using variable dimension fractals, several deformation and stress states of offshore structures are described.  相似文献   

A Unified Variational Principle of Fluid Mechanics and Application on Solitary Subdomain or Point   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fu Yuhua Senior Engineer  China Offshore Oil Engineering Corp.  P. O. Box  Beijing 《中国海洋工程》1994,(2)

-According to basic equations of fluid mechanics, this paper presents a unified variational principle of fluid mechanics (UVPFM) by using the optimization method of weighted residuals (OMWR). The advantages are as follows, the establishment of the functional and the variational principle is easy, it can change various problems of fluid mechanics derived by basic equations into a unified optimization problem, and the solution is the optimum one in some sense. According to the OMWR for the solitary subdomain, this paper uses UVPFM onto any solitary subdomain and gives the solution of the hydrodynamics equation which is suitable only for that solitary subdomain. According to the OMWR for solitary point, this paper uses UVPFM to any solitary point and gives the solution of the hydrodynamics equation (point solution) which is suitable only for that solitary point. As the solution for the solitary subdomain or solitary point is developed independently, the compatibility with other subdomain or other points, do  相似文献   

莺歌海盆地的构造反转作用及其油气勘探意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钟志洪  李绪宣  孙珍  张敏强 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(1):16-21

莺歌海盆地是北西走向红河断裂带末端在第三纪走滑运动形成的扭张性断陷盆地，控制盆地形成演化的构造动力在早-晚渐新世和中-晚中新世发生了改变，导致盆地内部发生了两期性质不同的构造反转作用。晚渐新世-中中新世期间的构造反转表现为轴向近南北的褶皱变形和沉降中心向东南方向的迁移，晚中新世至今的构造反转使盆地西北边缘的北东走向断裂发生反转逆冲。晚渐新世-中中新世构造反转作用导致盆地西北部和中南部的油气聚集特征存在明显差异。  相似文献   

松潘-甘孜带：是弧前增生还是弧后消减?   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

徐强  潘桂棠  江新胜 《矿物岩石》2003,23(2):27-31

根据多年在该区工作实践，认为松潘—甘孜造山带前身的巴颜喀拉盆地是羌塘—他念他翁晚古生代前缘弧之后的一系列多岛弧—盆系的一个大型弧后盆地。三叠纪时，围限此“三角形”盆地三条边缘的构造动力学作用方式具有不同的特征。其东侧为扬子西缘被动大陆边缘(D—T2)，中三叠晚期(拉丁期)转化为与华北和羌塘陆块有关的前陆盆地(T2—T3)，由于扬子陆块向西双向斜向俯冲作用，在其北侧和南侧边缘形成南昆仑和可可西里—甘孜—理塘俯冲消减杂岩。重建的地层层序和沉积地质特征显示巴颜喀拉盆地主体三叠系复理石沉积是周缘前陆盆地。  相似文献   

Incremental elastoplastic FEM for simulating the deformation process of suction caissons subjected to cyclic loads in soft clays     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

This paper presents an incremental elastoplastic finite element method (FEM) to simulate the undrained deformation process of suction caisson foundations subjected to cyclic loads in soft clays. The method is developed by encoding the total-stress-based bounding surface model proposed by the authors in the ABAQUS software package. According to the model characteristics, elastoplastic stress states associated with the incremental strains of each iteration are determined using the sub-incremental explicit Euler algorithm, and the state parameters describing the cyclic accumulative rates of strains are updated by setting state variables during the calculations. The radial fallback method is also proposed to modify the stress states outside the bounding surface to the surface during determination of the elastoplastic stress states. The stress reversals of soil elements are judged by the angle between the incremental deviatoric stress and the exterior normal vector at the image stress point on the bounding surface to update the mapping centre and state variables during cyclic loading. To assess the general validity of the method, the reduced scale model tests and centrifuge tests of suction caissons subjected to cyclic loads are simulated using the method. Predictions are in relative good agreement with test results. Compared with the limit equilibrium and quasi-static methods, the method can not only determine the cyclic bearing capacity, but can also analyse the deformation process and the failure mechanisms of suction caisson under cyclic loads in soft clays.  相似文献   

Three dimensional seismic studies of deep-water hazard-related features on the northern slope of South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Mass transport deposits and geological features related to fluid flow such as gas chimneys, mud diapirs and volcanos, pockmarks and gas hydrates are pervasive on the canyon dominated northern slope of the Pearl River Mouth basin of the South China Sea. These deposits and structures are linked to serious geohazards and are considered risk factors for seabed installations. Based on high resolution three dimensional seismic surveys, seismic characteristics, distributions and origins of these features are analyzed. A distribution map is presented and geometrical parameters and spatial distribution patterns are summarized. Results show that various groups of the mapped features are closely tied to local or regional tectonism and sedimentary processes. Mass transport complexes are classified as slides near the shelf break, initially deformed slumps on the flanks of canyons and highly deformed slumps on the lower slope downslope of the mouth of canyons. We propose them to be preconditioned by pore pressure changes related to sea level fluctuations, steep topography, and fluid and fault activities. Gas chimneys are mainly located in the vicinity of gas reservoirs, while bottom-simulating reflectors are observed within the gas chimney regions, suggesting gas chimneys serve as conduits for thermogenic gas. Mud diapirs/volcanos and pockmarks are observed in small numbers and the formation of pockmarks is related to underlying gas chimneys and faults. This study aims at reducing risks for deep-water engineering on the northern slope of South China Sea.  相似文献   

湖相碳酸盐岩沉积微相类型及沉积模式     

熊连桥  李建平  谢晓军  蔡露露  廖计华  许晓明 《沉积学报》2021,39(3):767-780

巴西大坎波斯盆地下白垩统湖相碳酸盐岩油气资源丰富,但是硅化碳酸盐岩的出现不仅使原始碳酸盐岩沉积微相类型和沉积模式有待系统研究,还给深水油气勘探开发带来了挑战。基于古地貌、壁芯薄片、测井响应等数据,分析了坎波斯盆地东部下白垩统硅化碳酸盐岩原始沉积的古水介质、湖平面变化及沉积微相,厘清了湖相碳酸盐岩发育的主控因素,建立起相应的沉积模式。借助Fischer曲线可将硅化碳酸盐岩发育段划分为一个可容空间由大减小再增大的三级旋回,湖平面表现为先下降后上升;湖盆中央古隆起周缘类似远端变陡缓坡,发育了灰泥坪、藻礁、颗粒滩、滩前前积体和滑塌体等5种沉积微相;古地貌决定了藻礁和颗粒滩发育在构造高部位的相对深水区,同时受湖平面变化而发生垂向互层叠置;该段碳酸盐岩沉积时期,湖平面至少出现过两次下降、三次上升,可以划分为高位湖退、低位湖退、低位湖侵、高位湖侵四个演化阶段。研究成果为湖相碳酸盐岩硅化成因分析、硅化作用过程研究及硅化碳酸盐岩中有利储层的寻找奠定了基础。  相似文献   

二连盆地额仁淖尔凹陷下白垩统湖相云质岩优质储层特征及控制因素     

魏巍  朱筱敏  朱世发  何明薇  孙书洋  王名巍 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):214-224

二连盆地多个凹陷的下白垩统均发育一套湖相白云岩。它不仅是一个重要的地层对比标志层,还是一套有效的储集层。这套储层孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强。寻找优质储层是油气勘探的关键。研究以二连额仁淖尔凹陷的下白垩统湖相云质岩为研究对象,研究了云质岩储层的储层特征和成因。本次研究采用岩心观察、岩石学、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射、稳定碳氧同位素地球化学等多种方法,进而了解储层的岩石学、成岩特征及其对储层物性的影响。为了深入分析云质岩的储层特征,将云质岩分为三种类型:云质粉砂岩、云质沉凝灰岩和云质泥岩。云质粉砂岩常与云质/钙质泥岩相邻。白云石的主要特征是微晶结构、填充粒间孔隙或取代基质或方解石胶结物。云质粉砂岩物性较好,平均孔隙度为10.2%,渗透率为1.03 mD,属于低-超低孔特低渗储层。除了白云石化外,方解石胶结作用是降低储层孔隙度和渗透率的主要因素。有机酸的溶蚀作用主要发生在凝灰质矿物中,常见于与云质沉凝灰岩相邻的云质粉砂岩,形成粒内和粒间溶孔。云质沉凝灰岩常与泥岩、粉砂岩互层,主要发育前扇三角洲亚相。白云石以微晶为主,方解石以细晶粗晶为主。它们以团块的形式分布在凝灰质基质中。云质沉凝灰岩的平均孔隙度和渗透率分别为9.85%和0.34 mD,属于特低孔特低渗储层。储层孔隙度和渗透率降低的主要因素与火山物质有关。火山物质的蚀变作用释放出大量的离子进入地层水,不仅加强了早期碳酸盐胶结作用,而且导致了黏土矿物充填孔隙。另外,溶蚀作用是改善储层物性的主要因素,主要溶蚀云质沉凝灰岩中的碳酸盐团块,形成粒内和粒间溶孔。白云石化作用在云质泥岩中较弱,白云石沿纹层以泥晶形式出现。云质泥岩物性差,平均孔隙度为2.5%,渗透率为0.01 mD,储层物性差主要是原始物性差造成的。此外,成岩晚期的强碳酸盐胶结作用导致云质泥岩形成致密储层。该类岩石主要依靠微裂缝来改善储层物性,在断裂带附近的云质泥岩易发育微裂缝,微裂缝富集程度随离主断层距离的增大而减小。  相似文献   

巴布亚盆地侏罗系陆架边缘三角洲沉积特征及其油气勘探方向     

张义娜  蔡文杰  杨松岭  张科  陈景阳 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):167-176

为明确巴布亚盆地主要的含油气系统发育层段——侏罗系的沉积特征及其与油气勘探的关系,在分析前人研究成果、沉积背景与古物源的基础上,通过地震相、测井相、岩心相“三相”联合分析及与周边的布劳斯盆地的类比,识别了沉积微相类型,刻画了沉积体系的纵横向展布特征;通过不同沉积相带生烃指标、储层物性参数对比,明确了有利的烃源岩与储层发育区,以指导油气勘探。研究结果如下:(1)巴布亚盆地在中生代侏罗纪具有宽缓的古地貌,盆地西南高,东北部低。侏罗系发育稳定被动大陆边缘三角洲沉积,主要物源来自澳大利亚西部古陆,周缘凸起提供局部物源。盆地内以三角洲平原分流河道、三角洲前缘水下分支河道、河口坝、分支河道间等沉积为主。该层段的沉积特征与同处于澳大利亚北缘的布劳斯盆地侏罗系Plover组的特征相似。(2)三角洲主体来自盆地西南部,纵向上四期叠置继承性发育,经历了两期主要的海退和海侵沉积旋回,并且以上升半旋回为主。中下侏罗统的Magobu组地层主要为进积叠加序列,该时期物源充足,水动力强,而上侏罗统的Imburu组则主要为退积序列,晚期沉积了一套稳定的泥岩。三角洲平面上分布范围广,巴布亚褶皱带处于三角洲前缘带,其砂体被潮汐作用改造成指状或点状形态。(3)侏罗系Magobu和Koi Iange组前三角洲-浅海相带烃源岩品质相对较好,三角洲前缘河口砂坝砂体被簸选和改造为优质的储层,该区带内发育的逆冲挤压圈闭为盆地的潜在有利勘探目标。  相似文献   

Gas generation and expulsion characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks,eastern Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China: implications for shale gas resource potential     

P. Wang  X. Chen  J. Li  H. Yang  F. Jiang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):1001-1013

Frontier exploration in the Kuqa Depression, western China, has identified the continuous tight-sand gas accumulation in the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic as a major unconventional gas pool. However, assessment of the shale gas resource in the Kuqa Depression is new. The shale succession in the Middle–Upper Triassic comprises the Taliqike Formation (T₃t), the Huangshanjie Formation (T₃h) and the middle–upper Karamay Formation (T_2–3k), with an average accumulated thickness of 260 m. The high-quality shale is dominated by type III kerogen with high maturity and an average original total organic carbon (TOC) of about 2.68 wt%. An improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model was applied to this self-contained source–reservoir system to reveal the gas generation and expulsion (intensity, efficiency and volume) characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks. The maximum volume of shale gas in the source rocks was obtained by determining the difference between generation and expulsion volumes. The results indicate that source rocks reached the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold of 1.1% VR and the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion reached their peak at 1.0% VR and 1.28% VR, with the maximum rate of 56 mg HC/0.1% TOC and 62.8 mg HC/0.1% TOC, respectively. The volumes of gas generation and expulsion from Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks were 12.02 × 10¹² m³ and 5.98 × 10¹² m³, respectively, with the residual volume of 6.04 × 10¹² m³, giving an average gas expulsion efficiency of 44.38% and retention efficiency of 55.62%. Based on the gas generation and expulsion characteristics, the predicted shale gas potential volume is 6.04 × 10¹² m³, indicating a significant shale gas resource in the Middle–Upper Triassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression.  相似文献