Quantification of human and climate contributions to multi-dimensional hydrological alterations: A case study in the Upper Minjiang River,China     

ZHANG Yuhang  YE Aizhong  YOU Jinjun  JING Xiangyang 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(8):1102-1122

Dual factors of climate and human on the hydrological process are reflected not only in changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of water resource amounts but also in the various characteristics of river flow regimes. Isolating and quantifying their contributions to these hydrological alterations helps us to comprehensively understand the response mechanism and patterns of hydrological process to the two kinds of factors. Here we develop a general framework using hydrological model and 33 indicators to describe hydrological process and quantify the impact from climate and human. And we select the Upper Minjiang River(UMR) as a case to explore its feasibility. The results indicate that our approach successfully recognizes the characteristics of river flow regimes in different scenarios and quantitatively separates the climate and human contributions to multi-dimensional hydrological alterations. Among these indicators, 26 of 33 indicators decrease over the past half-century(1961–2012) in the UMR, with change rates ranging from 1.3% to 33.2%, and the human impacts are the dominant factor affecting hydrological processes, with an average relative contribution rate of 58.6%. Climate change causes an increase in most indicators, with an average relative contribution rate of 41.4%. Specifically, changes in precipitation and reservoir operation may play a considerable role in inducing these alterations. The findings in this study help us better understand the response mechanism of hydrological process under changing environment and is conducive to climate change adaptation, water resource planning and ecological construction.  相似文献   

城市地铁对沿线居民通勤交通碳排放的影响 ——以郑州市为例     

赵荣钦  范桦  张振佳  王帅  王志齐  乔德会  周森秋  朱自洋  满洲 《地域研究与开发》2021,40(2):151-155,161

基于郑州市地铁1号线、2号线周边11个典型社区的居民调查数据,对地铁开通前后居民通勤交通碳排放进行了核算,从职业、收入和距离等方面分析了地铁沿线居民通勤交通碳排放的影响因素,结果表明:(1)地铁1号线开通后人均通勤碳排放减少18%,地铁2号线开通后减少43%;(2)不同职业类型的居民在地铁开通后通勤碳减排比例由高到低依次为教师、公司职员、其他、工人、公务员;(3)居民收入与通勤交通碳排放量成正相关,与地铁开通后的碳减排比例呈负相关;(4)居民通勤碳减排率与居住地到最近地铁站的距离成负相关,地铁开通后距离地铁站为0~1,1~2,2~3 km的小区人均通勤碳排放减少率分别52.76%,41.12%,24.36%。  相似文献   

信息量与相似度约束下的网络地图服务缩略图自动生成算法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

成晓强  杨敏  桂志鹏  艾廷华  吴华意 《测绘学报》2017,46(11):1891-1898

缩略图可显著提高图片和视频等图形图像资源的展现效率,有效改善信息检索过程中的用户体验。地图服务是一种耦合空间和尺度信息的图像资源,其设计创作、检索筛选和存储管理均需要缩略图的支撑。设计精巧的缩略图带给人良好、鲜活的第一印象,帮助用户实现高效的交互与探索;粗糙凌乱的缩略图则让用户产生抵触情绪,打消其继续探索地图服务的主动性。本文借鉴视频关键帧的思路并结合地图表达特点,提出了地图服务关键位置和关键尺度的概念,并设计了相应的量化指标和提取算法,重点解决了缩略图视觉效果不佳、地图信息量不足和自动化程度不高等问题。算法基于信息量识别地图中内容丰富的关键位置,然后利用跨比例尺相似度判断发生显著变化的关键尺度,最后自动筛选出若干张代表地图服务内容的缩略图。试验表明本方法提取的缩略图数量适中、内容丰富、代表性强,可高度还原地图服务的内容构成和外观样式。  相似文献   

Kaolinite as an in situ dosimeter for past radionuclide migration at the Earth's surface     

《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(6):751-765

The origin of 3 types of point defects (A-, A′- and B-centers) in kaolinite, due to natural irradiation and detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), has been demonstrated by artificial irradiation. The potential use of tracing the dynamics of the transfer of radionuclides through A-centers (i.e. the most stable centers) was qualitatively tested on different low-temperature alteration systems, some associated with U-concentrations. This paper proposes a quantitative approach to the reconstruction of the past migration of radionuclides by dosimetry of A-centers. With this aim in mind, the efficiency of α- and γ-radiations to produce A-centers was determined by experimental irradiation. Parameters extracted from A-center growth curves, together with their relationship with a parameter describing the degree of order of kaolinite, permitted (i) a definition to be made of the dose range in which a given kaolinite could be used as a dosimeter and (ii) the quantitative derivation of U-concentration from the cumulative dose (paleodose) of kaolinites. This was achieved by a formalism that accounted for the contribution of natural radiosources to the production of A-centers. The formalism was applied to the Nopal I U-deposit (Chihuhua, Mexico), considered as a natural analogue of a high level nuclear waste repository. Irrespective of the scenario considered, in terms of kaolinite age and of degree of isotopic disequilibrium in the system, A-center dosimetry permitted the determination of past occurrences of U which were several orders of magnitude higher than the present-day measured U-concentrations. Furthermore, this approach also provided evidence for several previous episodes of U-migration. EPR spectroscopy is thus a unique tool for the quantitative, indirect assessment of past radionuclide migration in the geosphere and kaolinite is a reliable in-situ dosimeter.  相似文献   

关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

李超  王登红  屈文俊  孟会明  周利敏  樊兴涛  李欣尉  赵鸿  温宏利  孙鹏程 《岩矿测试》2020,39(5):658-669

以稀有、稀散、稀土、铂族元素为主体的战略性关键金属矿产资源,在新材料、新能源和信息技术等新兴产业中发挥着越来越关键的作用。随着我国关键矿产资源地质调查的不断深入,关键金属元素以其赋存基体复杂、不同矿物含量差异大、化学性质不稳定等特点对分析测试技术提出了新的挑战。本文根据化学组成不同,对关键金属元素主要赋存基体进行了分类,主要分为硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、钨酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、卤化物等。对于不同的基体岩石矿物,通常采用酸溶法(硝酸-氢氟酸组合、王水)或碱熔法等传统溶样方法进行化学消解。评述了当前关键金属元素测试常用的电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线荧光光谱等仪器的特点及应用,总结了关键金属元素分析过程中出现的样品难溶解、回收率不完全、测试过程氧化物和同质异位素干扰、样品和标准基体不一致等常见问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。微区原位分析凭借其高效率、低成本、高空间分辨率的优势,以及野外现场分析凭借其简单快速、贴近野外工作的特点是关键金属元素测试技术发展的主要趋势。  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops: A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《China Geology》2020,3(3):402-410

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt. According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt, the soils are most highly enriched in Pb, followed by Cr, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, they are relatively poor in Hg, Cd, and As. It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt. As for the crops (such as corn and wheat) in the gold belt, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements, followed by Pb and Cr. Meanwhile, Hg, Cd, and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops. The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general. Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein, heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein. As shown by relevant studies, the Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities. Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations. Furthermore, wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils. The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation, increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops, and further affecting human health. This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.  相似文献   

滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床流体包裹体和C-O同位素研究     

陈伟  邓明国  耿齐卫  管申进  孔志岗  贾祯  张海 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(6):780-794

滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床是保山地块发现的首个富铜的铅锌多金属矿床。为探讨其成矿流体来源和矿床成因,对该矿床开展了流体包裹体和C-O同位素研究。结果表明,阶段Ⅱ主要发育富液相包裹体,均一温度和盐度（NaCl_eq,质量分数）集中在240～300℃和8.0%～18.0%;阶段Ⅲ以含CO₂和子矿物包裹体为特征,均一温度和盐度的两个峰值为360～400℃、16.0%～24.0%和240～320℃、4.0%～14.0%;阶段Ⅳ以富液相和纯液相包裹体为主,均一温度和盐度降低至220～340℃和8.0%～14.0%。C-O同位素分析结果（δ¹³C_V-PDB值为-5.88‰~-2.37‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为8.18‰~12.79‰）显示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,在迁移过程中受到围岩溶解作用的影响。综合研究认为,放羊山矿床阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅲ的成矿流体主要来源于大陆碰撞形成的中高温、中高盐度、富CO₂岩浆热液,在阶段Ⅲ晚期和阶段Ⅳ受到中低温、低盐度大气降水的影响;矿床为受构造控制明显的中高温热液矿床,预测在矿区深部有望找到矽卡岩型矿体。  相似文献   

新疆阿尔泰库吉尔特伟晶岩海蓝宝石矿物化学研究     

丁志丹  邹妤  王蝶 《岩石矿物学杂志》2024,43(3):575-591

海蓝宝石属绿柱石族矿物,产出于花岗伟晶岩中,其结晶过程可贯穿于伟晶质岩浆演化的不同阶段,同时也是岩浆熔体和流体包裹体的重要宿主矿物。库吉尔特伟晶岩是新疆阿尔泰可可托海地区众多伟晶岩脉中产出高质量海蓝宝石的LCT型伟晶岩。本文对库吉尔特伟晶岩中产出的海蓝宝石进行了主、微量元素和流体包裹体研究。流体包裹体岩相学显示,在海蓝宝石中熔体/熔体-流体包裹体(MI/M-FI)和流体包裹体(FI)分布呈现一定的规律, MI/M-FI主要集中在晶体的根部至中部,而FI则富集在边缘区域,说明该海蓝宝石的结晶过程经历了较为完整的伟晶岩岩浆演化阶段。测温结果显示,M-FI的均一温度>550℃,FI的均一温度范围为220~400℃,盐度介于0~14%之间,密度为0.6~0.9 g/cm²,流体属于中-高温、中-低盐度的H₂O-NaCl-CO₂体系。在结晶学和流体包裹体岩相学基础上确定出海蓝宝石晶体代表岩浆-热液过渡阶段和岩浆期后热液阶段的部位,进行电子探针(EPMA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析(LA-ICP-MS),结果显示海蓝宝石为Fe元素主导致色,在海蓝宝石生长过程中Fe²⁺以Na⁺+Fe²⁺→Al³⁺的通道-八面体替代模式进入矿物晶格使其呈现蓝色。在伟晶岩演化早-中期,海蓝宝石中碱金属(Li、Na、K、Cs)与过渡族金属元素(Fe、Mg、Mn)含量变化稳定,进入晚期这些金属元素含量陡增。结合该地区板块运动长期处于挤压俯冲环境,推测库吉尔特伟晶岩岩浆演化过程处于非封闭的状态,晚期仍然有深部岩浆房富集Fe、Mg、Mn的流体呈脉动式注入,导致原始热液流体成分发生波动。  相似文献   

A reappraisal of the evolution of the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana from the Pb and Os isotope systematics of igneous rocks from the southern Adelaide fold belt,South Australia     

《Gondwana Research》2017

We have undertaken Pb and Os isotopic analyses of igneous rocks from the southern Adelaide fold belt to further understanding of the Neoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic evolution of the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana. The new Pb isotope data and a reappraisal of existing geochronological data suggest that layered mafic intrusions at Black Hill and Cambrai may have intruded much earlier than previously thought. Intrusion may even have occurred prior to deposition of the Normanville and Kanmantoo Group sediments and the onset of what is traditionally regarded as the Delamerian Orogeny. We tentatively term this earlier event the Hallett Cove orogeny. However, equivalent ages are common in the formerly adjacent Ross Orogen. When the Pb isotope signatures of the suites of gabbros, and I-, S-, and A-type granites are compared at 487 Ma they all span a very large range (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 15.4–18.7, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 15.4–15.7, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 33.0–38.8) compared with other formerly adjacent terranes or the subsequent Lachlan fold belt. Similarly, ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os_i ratios span 0.122–1.17 but include one gabbro and one rhyolite that have subchondritic ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os_i ratios. When taken together, the combined data do not support models in which the observed range in initial isotope ratios reflects major and variable mid to upper crustal assimilation of magmas derived from the contemporary asthenospheric mantle. Rather, it appears that magmas parental to the gabbros and A-type rocks were derived from subduction-modified lithospheric mantle that has a median metasomatic age of 1.4 Ga. Large-scale Pb isotopic homogenization, as proposed for the Lachlan fold belt did not occur in the Adelaide fold belt.  相似文献   

滇西南澜沧江带红豆山铜矿花岗斑岩地质地球化学特征及成岩时代   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王磊  王加昇  王雷  郭泽华  韩润生  刘飞  崔峻豪 《地质通报》2017,36(7):1231-1241

南澜沧江火山弧带红豆山花岗斑岩属于过铝质钾玄岩性S型花岗岩,SiO_2含量为71.1%~74.4%,全碱含量高(K_2O+Na_2O=8.4%~9.4%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=3.9~5.0),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.06~1.21;具轻稀土元素富集特征,负Eu异常(δ Eu=0.53~0.74);相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、Th、U等),但亏损Sr、P、Ti等元素。地球化学特征表明,红豆山花岗斑岩具火山弧花岗岩与同碰撞花岗岩的特征,为活动大陆边缘弧的产物。红豆山花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为220.3±3.6Ma,形成于晚三叠世。红豆山花岗斑岩的地球化学特征和形成时代与小定西组基性火山岩非常相似,两者是同一期岩浆活动不同阶段的产物。  相似文献