Structural and fluid evolution of Saraburi Group sedimentary carbonates,central Thailand: A tectonically driven fluid system     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

A stable isotopic study, focused on calcite cements, vein-fill calcite and various bioclasts was conducted on variably deformed and thrusted Lower and Middle Permian carbonates of the Saraburi Group. Samples were collected in quarry faces across 3 areas in the Saraburi–Lopburi region of central Thailand. Stable isotope crossplots (carbon and oxygen), using texture-aware isotope samples, defined variable, but related, fluid-cement histories, which are tied to regional burial and then orogenic overprints driven by the Indosinian (Triassic) orogeny. This was followed by telogenetic overprints, driven by late Cenozoic uplift. The studied carbonates were deposited along the western margin of the Indochina Block, where they were deposited as isolated calcareous algal, sponge and fusilinid-rimmed platforms on highs bound by extensional faults. The platform areas passed laterally and vertically into more siliciclastic dominated sequences, deposited in somewhat deeper waters within probable fault-bound lows. Regional post-depositional mesogenetic fluid-rock re-equilibration of the isotope values in ongoing calcite precipitates occurred until the matrix permeability was occluded via compaction and pressure solution. This regional burial regime was followed by collision of the Indochina and Sibumasu blocks during the Indosinian (Triassic) blocks, which drove a set of structurally focused (thrust-plane related) increasingly warmer set of fluids through the studied sequences. The final diagenetic overprint seen in the isotopic values of the latest calcite cements occurs in a telogenetic (uplift) setting driven by Cenozoic tectonics and isostatic uplift. Integration of isotope data with its structural setting establishes a clear separation in fluid events related to two time-separate tectonic episodes; its fluid chemistry defines the Permo-Triassic closure of the Paleotethys and its subsequent reactivation during the Tertiary collision of India and Asia. The C–O covariant plot fields in the Permian carbonates of central Thailand are so distinct that it is possible to use their signatures to separate burial from meteoric cements in drill cuttings and hence recognise equivalent subsurface unconformities and likely zone of porosity development in possible “buried hill plays in Thailand.  相似文献   

Experimental evaluation of reservoir quality in Mesozoic formations of the Perth Basin (Western Australia) by using a laboratory low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Accurate porosity and permeability evaluation of rock formations is critical to estimate the quality and resource potential of a reservoir. In addition to directly measure the porosity and pore size distribution, low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is able to measure the effective porosity and estimate the in-situ formation permeability, though its robustness is arguable and requires calibrations on cores with specific lithologies.The Mesozoic formations of the central Perth Basin (Western Australia) host hot sedimentary aquifers and recently became key targets for geothermal heat extraction. A collection of cores was retrieved from three wells intersecting these units. The characterisation of their flow properties complements the current evaluation of the Perth Basin by adding new data on effective porosity, pore size distribution, pore geometry and calibration of predictive models for the permeability according to a comprehensive facies classification scheme.This study highlights the consistency of the NMR approach when compared to conventional helium injection method. Most favourable lithologies for well production correspond to very coarse to fine sandstones of fluvial channel fill with porosities >15% and permeabilities >>1 mD. Similarly, these facies exhibit (i) the highest effective porosities, (ii) the highest pore space to pore throat ratio, and (iii) the lowest contribution of clay bound water. These aspects confirm the importance of clay occurrence in the assessment of the flow efficiency of a formation.The Yarragadee Formation presents the best reservoir quality regarding its porosity and permeability, even though high discrepancies occur locally owing to the great variability of lithofacies encountered. The scattered values observed for the Lesueur Sandstone are likely to be due to the basin architecture and fault system which generate different mechanical compaction and secondary cementation. Given an adequate facies analysis, the NMR method represents a powerful tool to estimate the flow efficiency of a reservoir.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene–Holocene seismic stratigraphy of Nha Trang shelf,central Vietnam     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The late Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphic architecture on the steep and narrow shelf off Nha Trang, central Vietnam has been explored by high resolution seismic profiles integrated with sediment core data. Sequence stratigraphic results reveal five major seismic units and three bounding surfaces which are composed of two distinctive sequences. Those sequences are bounded by two regional unconformities (SB1, SB2) which have been formed in respond to different sea-level regimes. The revealed relict beach–ridge deposits at water depth of about ∼130 m below the present water depth indicate that the Last Glacial Lowstand (LGM) sea-level in this area was lower than in neighboring areas and it probably resulted from subsidence due to high sedimentation rate and/or neotectonic movements of the East Vietnam Fault System. The late Pleistocene high amplitude of sea-level change during a long fourth-order and superimposed by shorter fifth-order cycle is the principal factor in reorganizing the formation of the Nha Trang continental shelf sequence. Other local controlling factors as fluctuations in sediment supply, morphological variations of the LGM surface, subsidence rate and hydrodynamic conditions provided the distinctive features of the Nha Trang shelf sequence stratigraphic model in comparison with neighboring other areas.  相似文献   

Micro-X-ray fluorescence-based comparison of skeletal structure and P, Mg, Sr, O and Fe in a fossil of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum sp., NW Pacific     

Toshihiro Yoshimura  Atsushi Suzuki  Yusuke Tamenori  Hodaka Kawahata 《Geo-Marine Letters》2014,34(1):1-9

Micro-scale distributions of trace and minor elements in, for example, coral skeletons are crucial as geochemical tracers of past environmental conditions, because they have the inherent advantage of accounting for confounding diagenetic and physiological effects. To extract reproducible paleoceanographic records from coral skeletons, a selective measurement of specific ultrastructures at high spatial resolution is required. Compared to warm-water reef-building corals, such data are limited in cold-water corals and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the latter have to date not been examined by means of micro-X-ray fluorescence. This technique was used for micrometer-scale imaging of P, Mg, Sr, O, and Fe intensities (counts per unit time) in a fossil specimen (as yet unknown age) of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum sp. from surface sediments of the NW Pacific. Cross plots confirmed that the micro-XRF signals were associated with corresponding trends in elemental concentration (ppm). Two major structural components of the septum—centers of calcification (COCs) and the surrounding fibrous aragonite portion—differed in composition. The COCs were characterized by higher intensities of P and Mg (650 and 220 counts per 5 s, respectively), and lower intensities of Sr (2,800) and O (580; corresponding values for the fibrous aragonite are 370, 180, 3,300 and 620 counts per 5 s, respectively). Oxygen intensity values were mostly homogeneous, but slightly lower in COCs and substantially higher in a well-defined patch in the fibrous aragonite. The mostly homogeneous P signals in the fibrous aragonite confirm the utility of this structural component and of coral septa in general for tracer studies of oceanic P. Nevertheless, spot occurrences of elevated P (>950 counts per 5 s) spanning tens of micrometers in specific parts of the fibrous region of the septum would cause overestimates of oceanic P, and should evidently not be overlooked in future research. The distribution of Fe showed no correlation with P, indicating no significant contamination in the form of P-bearing diagenetic ferromanganese precipitates. Such hotspots plausibly reflect the presence of other mineral phases, such as crystalline hydroxylapatite inclusions or contamination with organic material. The P signal intensity was positively correlated with Mg (r=0.553, p<0.001), and negatively with Sr (r=–0.489, p<0.001) and O (r=–0.311, p<0.001). There was no discernible evidence of control by water temperature in the Sr distribution pattern. These findings establish micro-X-ray fluorescence as a highly suitable pre-screening tool in cold-water coral sclerochronology, which can serve to refine sampling strategies without sample damage, and complement other micrometer-scale spatial distribution analyses of elements (notably, Ca) based on well-known approaches involving micro-milling, electron microprobes, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and laser ablation.  相似文献   

Automated retrieval of forest structure variables based on multi-scale texture analysis of VHR satellite imagery     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

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Optimal water depth management on river-fed National Wildlife Refuges in a changing climate     

Sam Nicol  Brad Griffith  Jane Austin  Christine M. Hunter 《Climatic change》2014,124(1-2):271-284

The prairie pothole region (PPR) in the north-central United States and south-central Canada constitutes the most important waterfowl breeding area in North America. Projected long-term changes in precipitation and temperature may alter the drivers of waterfowl abundance: wetland availability and emergent vegetation cover. Previous studies have focused on isolated wetland dynamics, but the implications of changing precipitation on managed, river-fed wetlands have not been addressed. Using a structured decision making (SDM) approach, we derived optimal water management actions for 20 years at four river-fed National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in North and South Dakota under contrasting increasing/decreasing (+/?0.4 %/year) inflow scenarios derived from empirical trends. Refuge pool depth is manipulated by control structures. Optimal management involves setting control structure heights that have the highest probability of providing a desired mix of waterfowl habitat, given refuge capacities and inflows. We found optimal seasonal control structure heights for each refuge were essentially the same under increasing and decreasing inflow trends of 0.4 %/year over the next 20 years. Results suggest managed pools in the NWRs receive large inflows relative to their capacities. Hence, water availability does not constrain management; pool bathymetry and management tactics can be greater constraints on attaining management objectives than climate-mediated inflow. We present time-dependent optimal seasonal control structure heights for each refuge, which are resilient to the non-stationary precipitation scenarios we examined. Managers can use this information to provide a desired mixture of wildlife habitats, and to re-assess management objectives in reserves where pool bathymetry prevents attaining the currently stated objectives.  相似文献   

船载绝对重力仪测量系统的误差修正模型及不确定度分析          下载免费PDF全文

吴燕雄  滕云田  吴琼  徐行  张兵 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2022,47(4):492-500

目前的激光干涉绝对重力仪均在静态环境下工作,而动态环境下的绝对重力测量是技术发展的热点之一。船载绝对重力测量能够很好地克服海洋相对重力测量仪器的零漂、标定、误差累积等问题,提高作业效率和可靠性。基于激光干涉绝对重力仪工作原理设计了一个船载绝对重力仪测量系统,该系统由绝对重力测量系统、陀螺仪稳定平台、力平衡式加速度计和GPS（global positioning system）组成。通过对影响船载绝对重力测量系统的垂直波动、纵摇横摇、水平波动以及厄特弗斯效应等4类干扰源进行分析,给出了该系统正常工作的动态限制条件、误差修正方法和修正精度,验证了在现有技术条件下,船载绝对重力仪测量系统的测量精度可以优于±1.1 mGal,为进一步的船载绝对重力测量实验提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

广东江门水稻品质与地质地球化学关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱鑫 《江苏地质》2014,38(2):302-308

重点开展了江门水稻种植区的生态地球化学调查。系统采集了全区表层土壤、稻谷及配套根系土样品,实测了营养、有益元素以及大米营养品质含量。通过开展生态地球化学评价,查明了影响水稻品质的主要地质地球化学因素,建立了特色农产品地质地球化学模型,开展了农产品适宜性评价和区划。  相似文献   

山东焦家金成矿带三维地质建模及成矿预测     

王巧云  刘汉栋  陈建平  王丽娟  祝德成 《江苏地质》2014,38(3):412-420

以山东焦家金成矿带为研究对象,将焦家金矿带的二维地质资料有效整合,应用三维建模软件Surpac,首次建立了该矿区的三维数字矿山模型.以此模型为基础,以地质统计方法为手段,分析成矿规律,建立找矿模型.成矿预测中利用“立方体预测模型”找矿方法、找矿信息量法和证据权法来预测资源量,按照信息值的等级依次圈定了6个成矿靶区.用体积估计法和丰度值估计法2种完全不同的计算方法来预测资源量,2种方法得到的找矿靶区资源量均约为380 t,说明计算的结果具有一致性和稳定性.  相似文献   

四川江油枫顺乡大院子Ⅰ号滑坡形成条件和影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

星玉才 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2014,(2):32-36

江油市是受“5·12”地震破坏较为严重的地区之一,枫顺乡大院子I号滑坡形成于地震期间,滑坡的形成是多种因素共同作用下而导致,有内因也有外因,通过研究分析岩土C、Ф值敏感性对滑坡稳定性影响,从而更好地正确认识滑坡形成机制,为滑坡的防治提供参考依据。  相似文献