Burial of organic carbon in Holocene sediments of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuaries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shouye Yang  Min Tang  Wyss W.-S. Yim  Yongqiang Zong  Guangqing Huang  Adam D. Switzer  Yoshiki Saito 《Marine Chemistry》2011,123(1-4):1-10

The East Asian marginal seas are important sinks of terrigenous materials transported by large rivers. In this study two cores from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuaries and one core from the inner shelf off of Hong Kong were investigated to examine the burial of organic matter during the postglacial period and its possible links with paleoenvironmental changes. Based on a simple two end-member mixing model, the terrestrial organic matter supplied primarily from the Zhujiang and Changjiang dominates the estuarine areas while marine organic matter contributes more to the inner-mid shelf. The competing contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter are responsible for the downcore variations of organic elemental compositions. The overall decreasing shifts of total organic carbon concentrations and total organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios in the Zhujiang estuarine sediments since 6.5 kaBP seems to support the notion that depth profiles of organic matter compositions deposited in the Zhujiang Estuary can aid in the reconstruction of monsoon history in the Holocene. Nevertheless, organic matter compositions in the Changjiang Estuary and inner shelf off of southeastern Hong Kong respond in a different and more complex way to freshwater discharges or precipitation changes (monsoon variability) in the catchments, owing to complex controls of deposition and preservation of organic matter in these estuarine and shelf environments. Caution is therefore needed in using organic elemental and isotopic compositions to decipher paleoenvironmental changes in East Asian continental shelves where intense river–sea interactions occur and sedimentary environments change drastically.  相似文献   

一种近海底质类型图生成的非参数方法     

刘付程  彭俊  张瑞  董春来  张存勇 《海洋通报》2011,30(5):551-556

近海底质类型图在近海工程和经济活动中有着广泛的应用价值.针对传统制图方法中存在的问题,提出了一种基于非参数指示Kriging的底质类型图生成方法.该方法能够有效地规避制图过程中的主观性,且对取样数据的平稳性和统计分布没有特殊要求,并能对制图结果的不确定性进行定量评价.该方法在连云港南部海域的应用实践表明,在相同的条件下...  相似文献   

茅家港潮滩沉积物磁化率变化及其与粒度的关系     

王轲道  王金华  王建 《海洋通报》2011,30(5):562-565

根据野外观测资料,客观地分析了江苏茅家港滩面沉积物磁化率变化及其与粒度的关系.研究结果显示:滩面沉积物磁化率随着向海离岸距离的增加逐渐增大,粒径逐渐变粗;粒径D与磁化率呈正相关关系,粒度φ与磁化率呈负相关关系.研究区中离岸距离增加,滩面沉积物的粒径逐渐变粗,滩面沉积物的磁化率逐渐增大,说明滩面水动力变强.  相似文献   

长江口河口河槽浅地层剖面探测研究     

杨忠勇  程和琴  江红  张文祥  和玉芳  倪一卓 《海洋测绘》2011,31(2):38-41

于2010年枯季利用浅地层剖面仪等对长江口自江阴至北港、北槽和南槽口门段河槽浅部地层进行探测.探测结果显示:江阴至徐六泾段落潮流占绝对优势,床沙质以细砂为主,发育有波长约15～25m、波高约0.5～0.8m的沙波;自徐六泾至口门段河槽床面受势力相当的涨、落潮流影响,河槽床面仅偶尔发育有较小尺度的沙波,波长5.0～12m...  相似文献   

海南八门湾红树林柱状沉积物中有机生物标志物的分布和降解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙蕴婕  吴莹  张经 《热带海洋学报》2011,30(2)

对海南岛红树林柱样中有机生物标志物等生物地球化学参数进行了初步研究.结果显示红树林中有机碳(OC)与总氮(TN)比值范围为5.35-7.47,碳稳定同位素(δ13C)值范围为-25‰--22.9‰.脂肪酸与正构烷烃浓度分布范围分别为7.8-21.8μg·g-1(干重)和3.2-25μg·g-1(干重).在表层沉积物中,红树林植物、细菌与浮游生物的脂肪酸生物标志物各占总脂肪酸的25.4%、12.9%和7.5%,结合较低的OC/TN比值和较高的δ13C值,表征了当地微生物和外源浮游植物的有机质贡献.各类脂肪酸在柱样中表现出不同的降解特征:多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)优先被降解,而长链脂肪酸(LCFAs)则较为稳定,没有明显的降解.碳优势指数(CPI)和平均碳链长度(ACL)显示,埋藏深度越深,有机物的生物化学改造程度越大.  相似文献   

Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China     

于建清  姜静波  龚德俊  李思忍  徐永平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(3):691-701

Modeling sediment transport depends on several parameters, such as suspended sediment concentration (SSC), shear stress, and settling velocity. To assess the ability of Pulse-Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiling (PC-ADP) to non-intrusively quantify spatial and temporal SSC and settling velocity at seabed, a field experiment was conducted in the Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf), in the South China Sea. The spatial profiles and temporal variations in SSC at 1 m above bottom were derived from PC-ADP acoustic backscatter intensity determinations after being calibrated with the optical backscatter sensor (OBS) measurements at the same elevation. The PC-ADP and OBS results agreed well. The temporal settling velocity obtained from Rouse profiles agreed well with the Soulsby formula based on size information by LISST (laser in situ scattering and transmissometry). Tides and tidal currents are diurnal in the gulf. SSC increased with increasing ebb and flood flow, and it rapidly decreased with the increase of distance from the seabed. The maximum SSC at 0.16 m and 1.3 m above bottom reached 816 mg/L and 490 mg/L during spring tides, respectively. The sediments consisted of mineral particles 23-162 μm in diameter and 0.05-2.04 cm/s in settling velocity. Generally, both the SSC and settling velocity followed variations in the bottom friction. Results suggest that PC-ADP is able to provide reasonable SSC and settling velocity measurements of both profiles and time series for a long study period.  相似文献   

Adaptive management to climate change for Norway spruce forests along a regional gradient in Finland     

Zhen-Ming Ge  Seppo Kellomäki  Heli Peltola  Xiao Zhou  Hannu Väisänen 《Climatic change》2013,118(2):275-289

We hypothesized that the responses of boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests to climate change would be region-specific due to regional differences in temperature and water availability. In this context, we analyzed the adaptive effects of varied thinning intensities on the gross primary production (GPP), total stem wood growth, and timber yield over a 100-year period using a process-based ecosystem model. Our simulations represented Norway spruce forests for five different bioclimatic zones spanning southern to northern Finland (61–67^oN). Ten thinning regimes with thinning intensities ranging from 5 to 50 %, as well as an unthinned regime, were included in the calculations. The results showed that at the southern sites without thinning, the cumulative GPP and total stem wood growth were lower under the changing climate than in the current climate over the simulation period due to greater water depletion via evapotranspiration and reduced soil water availability. At the central and the northern sites, the climate changes increasingly enhanced the GPP and total stem wood growth due to the mitigation of low-temperature limitation and the improved soil water availability. Thinning generally mitigated the soil water deficit by reducing water evaporation and led to a reduction of the natural mortality. At the southern sites, light and moderate thinning intensities increased the GPP and total stem wood growth relative to sites with a changing climate that experienced no thinning. Moreover, moderate thinning resulted in the greatest timber yield. Heavy thinning, in which a large proportion of standing trees were removed, reduced the GPP and total stem wood growth despite allowing increased soil water availability. At the northern sites, all levels of thinning, including light thinning, decreased the GPP and stem wood growth, indicating that soil water availability was not a limiting factor for growth prior to thinning.  相似文献   

Cluster analysis of post-landfall tracks of landfalling tropical cyclones over China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wei Zhang  Yee Leung  Yuanfei Wang 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(5-6):1237-1255

In this paper, we apply finite-mixture-model-based clustering algorithms to cluster post-landfall tracks of tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall over China. Because existing studies find that landfall surfaces or elevations affect post-landfall TC movements, we also take account of elevations in addition to time orders in this model. Our study reveals three clusters, with cluster 1 making landfall in Hainan province and moving across the western coast of Guangdong province. Most of the TC tracks in cluster 1 move over the ocean and make secondary landfalls over Yunnan province of China and Vietnam. Cluster 1 finally dissipates inland and moves westward as a result of the westward-shift subtropical high, westward steering flow, easterly vertical wind shear and strong mountainous blocking. Cluster 2 makes landfall over Guangdong and Fujian provinces. TCs in cluster 2 subsequently move inland and disappear due largely to westward-shift subtropical high, easterly steering flow, easterly vertical wind shear and relatively strong mountainous blocking. Cluster 3 makes landfall along the Fujian and Zhejiang coast and sustains a long period of time, recurving mostly to the mid-latitude region owing to the surrounding eastward-shift subtropical high, westerly vertical wind shear, weak mountainous blocking and westerly steering flow. Because cluster 2 is significantly associated with La Niña events, TCs more likely make landfall over southeastern China coast and move westward or northwestward without recurving. Cluster 3 sustains a longer time than clusters 1 and 2 in spite of its weak horizontal and vertical water vapor supply. TCs in cluster 3 interact actively with westerlies during the post-landfall period. However, we cannot observe any analogous interactions with the mid-latitude westerlies in clusters 1 and 2. TCs of clusters 1 and 2 are influenced by summer monsoon flows. Moreover, summer monsoon exerts a greater influence on cluster 1 than cluster 2. The composite 200 hPa divergence of cluster 3 is stronger than that of clusters 1 and 2. This explains to some degree why cluster 3 sustains longer than clusters 1 and 2 after making landfall.  相似文献   

A regional climate model downscaling projection of China future climate change     

Shuyan Liu  Wei Gao  Xin-Zhong Liang 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(7-8):1871-1884

Climate changes over China from the present (1990–1999) to future (2046–2055) under the A1FI (fossil fuel intensive) and A1B (balanced) emission scenarios are projected using the Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) nests with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model (CCSM). For the present climate, RegCM3 downscaling corrects several major deficiencies in the driving CCSM, especially the wet and cold biases over the Sichuan Basin. As compared with CCSM, RegCM3 produces systematic higher spatial pattern correlation coefficients with observations for precipitation and surface air temperature except during winter. The projected future precipitation changes differ largely between CCSM and RegCM3, with strong regional and seasonal dependence. The RegCM3 downscaling produces larger regional precipitation trends (both decreases and increases) than the driving CCSM. Contrast to substantial trend differences projected by CCSM, RegCM3 produces similar precipitation spatial patterns under different scenarios except autumn. Surface air temperature is projected to consistently increase by both CCSM and RegCM3, with greater warming under A1FI than A1B. The result demonstrates that different scenarios can induce large uncertainties even with the same RCM-GCM nesting system. Largest temperature increases are projected in the Tibetan Plateau during winter and high-latitude areas in the northern China during summer under both scenarios. This indicates that high elevation and northern regions are more vulnerable to climate change. Notable discrepancies for precipitation and surface air temperature simulated by RegCM3 with the driving conditions of CCSM versus the model for interdisciplinary research on climate under the same A1B scenario further complicated the uncertainty issue. The geographic distributions for precipitation difference among various simulations are very similar between the present and future climate with very high spatial pattern correlation coefficients. The result suggests that the model present climate biases are systematically propagate into the future climate projections. The impacts of the model present biases on projected future trends are, however, highly nonlinear and regional specific, and thus cannot be simply removed by a linear method. A model with more realistic present climate simulations is anticipated to yield future climate projections with higher credibility.  相似文献   

网上零售企业的空间组织研究——以"当当网"为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

汪明峰  卢姗 《地理研究》2011,30(6):965-976

零售商业活动及其空间组织历来是城市和经济地理学研究的重要主题之一.伴随着新的信息和通信技术的应用和普及,一种新的商业业态--网上购物,正在被越来越多的商家和消费者所接受.这一趋势对零售业的价值链、商业模式以及空间组织均产生了不可忽视的影响.本文试图通过对国内主要的电子商务企业之一"当当网"的研究,初步探讨网上零售企业的...  相似文献