载人潜水器发展现状及趋势研究     

载人潜水器  应用  技术进展 《海洋技术学报》2018,(2):114-122

随着我国综合国力的提升和战略安全环境及新空间的需求，习总书记提出了“海洋强国”的战略目标及深海进入、深海探测、深海开发的发展三部曲战略构想。海洋强国的发展离不开大型运载装备的进步，载人潜水器不仅对资源调查与科学研究做过杰出的贡献，而且在军事界领域也产生过深远的的影响。本文对国内外载人潜水器的应用发展现状进行了重点研究，对世界范围内重型深海载人潜水器及轻型中浅海载人潜水器的应用进展现状进行了全面调研研究，同时介绍了我国蛟龙号、深海勇士号等载人潜水器应用发展情况，也对世界范围内载人潜水器的技术性能和应用情况进行了分析对比，在此基础上，展望了载人潜水器的发展趋势，并讨论了潜水器装备的未来技术进展。  相似文献   

Experimental study of the ballast in situ sediment acoustic measurement system in South China Sea     

Jingqiang Wang  Baohua Liu  Guangming Kan  Zhiwen Sun  Xiangmei Meng 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(5):515-521

The mechanical structure, the function modules, the working principles, and a sea trial of the newly developed ballast in situ sediment acoustic measurement system are reported in this study. The system relies on its own weight to insert transducers into seafloor sediments and can accurately measure the penetration depth using a specially designed mechanism. The system comprises of an underwater position monitoring and working status judgment module and has two operation modes: self-contained measurement and real-time visualization. The designed maximum working water depth of the system is 3,000?m, and the maximum measured depth of seafloor sediment is 0.8?m. The system has one transmitting transducer with the transmitting frequency band of 20–35?kHz and three receiving transducers. The in situ acoustic measurement system was tested at 15 stations in the northern South China Sea, and repeated measurements in seawater demonstrated good working performance. Comparison with predictions from empirical equations indicated that the measured speed of sound and attenuation fell within the predicted range and that the in situ measured data were reliable.  相似文献   

Correlations between the in situ acoustic properties and geotechnical parameters of sediments in the Yellow Sea,China     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Knowledge about the marine sediment acoustic properties is a key to understanding wave propagation in sediments and is very important for military oceanography and ocean engineering. We developed a hydraulic-drived self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system, and measured for the first time the in situ acoustic properties of sediments on 78 stations in the Yellow Sea, China, by employing this system. The relationships between the in situ measured acoustic properties and the onboard or laboratory determined geotechnical parameters were analyzed. Porosity was found to be the dominant factor in reducing velocity in a quadratic fashion; velocity showed an increment with bulk density and a decrement with mean grain size and clay content both with a nonlinear dependence; acoustic attenuation showed a bell-shaped correlation with porosity and mean grain size but reduced with clay content of the sediments. The attenuation results indicate that intergrain friction rather than viscous interactions between pore fluid and solid grains is the dominant loss mechanism in our marine sediments. The relationships established would be used to predict the geotechnical parameters from in situ measured acoustic properties and vice versa, as well as being an indicator of the seafloor processes, potential gas bubbles hazard and gas hydrates resources or other suitable targets of acoustic surveys.  相似文献   

Biomarker evidence for anammox in the oxygen minimum zone of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific     

《Organic Geochemistry》2012

Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) is an important process in the marine N cycle. It has been estimated to contribute up to 50% of N loss from the ocean and is especially prevalent within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). We studied the presence and distribution of anammox in the extended OMZ of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) using ladderane fatty acids (FAs), specific biomarkers for anammox bacteria. The validity of ladderane FAs as a proxy for anammox bacteria was demonstrated by their excellent correspondence with anammox 16S rRNA functional gene abundances and their expression and intact polar ladderane lipid concentrations in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the Arabian Sea. In the ETNP, SPM was collected from various water depths at four stations along a northwest to southeast cruise transect and ladderane FAs were analysed at each station. In all SPM samples where ladderanes were detected, C₁₈ ladderane FAs were on average fivefold more abundant than C₂₀ ladderane FAs. Maximum ladderane FA concentrations (1.1–2.3 ng l⁻¹) were recorded at 400–600 m, often corresponding to the depth of the secondary nitrite maximum. At one of the four stations, a second maximum in concentration was noted at a shallower depth (85 m), coinciding with higher nitrite availability at this depth. This suggests that nitrite, along with oxygen, may be a limiting factor for anammox activity in the ETNP. Anammox lipids were abundant within the OMZ at all stations and concentrations were comparable to those in other OMZs, suggesting that anammox may be responsible for a significant loss of N from the OMZ of the ETNP.  相似文献   

基于多用户峰度准则的海洋强噪声衰减方法(英文)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高伟  刘怀山 《应用地球物理》2013,10(1):25-32

海洋地震勘探过程中,由于采集设备的老化或电源的不稳定而造成的漏电,在地震记录表现为强噪音干扰,利用常规噪音衰减方法处理此类强噪音效果并不理想。鉴于强噪音在统计学上具有相同的特性,本文在基于峰度的盲分离(blind source separation,BSS)算法研究基础上,推导出一种基于多用户峰度(multiuser kurtosis,MUK)准则的噪音衰减算法来估计地震记录中具有相同统计特性的强噪音,并将其从地震记录中分离,从而达到衰减强噪音的目的。模型试验与实际资料的处理表明:该方法能够在好的衰减海洋地震勘探记录中的强噪音,保留了更多的有效信息,提高海洋地震数据的信噪比,具有可行性和应用前景。  相似文献   

Basin-related uranium mineral systems in Australia: A review of critical features     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2016

This paper reviews critical features of basin-related uranium mineral systems in Australia. These mineral systems include Proterozoic unconformity-related uranium systems formed predominantly from diagenetic fluids expelled from sandstones overlying the unconformity, sandstone-hosted uranium systems formed from the influx of oxidised groundwaters through sandstone aquifers, and calcrete uranium systems formed from oxidised groundwaters flowing through palaeochannel aquifers (sand and calcrete). The review uses the so-called ‘source-pathway-trap’ paradigm to summarise critical features of fertile mineral systems. However, the scheme is expanded to include information on the geological setting, age and relative timing of mineralisation, and preservation of mineral systems. The critical features are also summarised in three separate tables. These features can provide the basis to conduct mineral potential and prospectivity analysis in an area. Such analysis requires identification of mappable signatures of above-mentioned critical features in geological, geophysical and geochemical datasets. The review of fertile basin-related systems shows that these systems require the presence of at least four ingredients: a source of leachable uranium (and vanadium and potassium for calcrete-uranium deposits); suitable hydrological architecture enabling connection between the source and the sink (site of accumulation); physical and chemical sinks or traps; and a post-mineralisation setting favourable for preservation. The review also discusses factors that may control the efficiency of mineral systems, assuming that world-class deposits result from more efficient mineral systems. The review presents a brief discussion of factors which may have controlled the formation of large deposits in the Lake Frome region in South Australia, the Chu-Sarysu and Syrdarya Basins in Kazakhstan and calcrete uranium deposits in the Yilgarn region, Western Australia.  相似文献   

Mineralization,Geochemistry and Zircon U‐Pb Ages of the Paodaoling Porphyry Gold Deposit in the Guichi Region,Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt,Eastern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DUAN Liu’an  YANG Xiaoyong  DENG Jianghong  WANG Fangyue  LEE Insung 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):706-732

The newly discovered Paodaoling porphyry Au deposit from the Guichi region, Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(LYRB), contains 35 tons of Au at an average grade of ~1.7 g/t. It is a porphyry ‘Au-only' deposit, as revealed by current exploration in the depths, mostly above-400 m, which is quite uncommon among coeval porphyry mineralization along the LYRB. Additionally, there are also Cu-Au bearing porphyries and barren alkaline granitoids in the Paodaoling district. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the Cu-Au-bearing porphyries yield an age of 141–140 Ma, falling within the main magmatic stage of the LYRB, whereas the barren granites give an age of 125–120 Ma, coeval with the regional Atype granites. The Cu-Au-bearing porphyries are LILE-, LREE-enriched and HFSE-depleted, typical of arc magmatic affinities. The barren granites are HFSE-enriched, with lower LREE/HREE ratios and pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The Cu-Au-bearing porphyries in the Paodaoling district have high oxygen fugacities and high water content. Pyrite sulfur isotopes of the Paodaoling gold deposit indicate a magmatic-sedimentary mixed source for the ore-forming fluids. Based on the alteration and poly-metal zonation of the deepest exploration drill hole from the Paodaoling Au deposit, we propose that Cu ore bodies could lie at depth beneath the current Au ore bodies. The magmatism and associated Cu-Au mineralization of the Paodaoling district are likely to have formed in a subduction setting, during slab rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate.  相似文献   

海洋静力触探在海上平台桩基承载力计算中的应用     

宋玉鹏  宋丙辉  孙永福  周其坤 《工程地质学报》2021,29(6):1942-1948

静力触探探测具有原位性、连续性、高效性以及高分辨率的优点,利用海洋静力触探探测成果计算海上平台桩基承载力具有非常大的应用空间。以胜利油田埕岛海域某平台为例,使用ROSON100型海洋静力触探仪对平台各桩腿开展原位探测,同步进行钻探取样及室内土工参数测试。分别利用静力触探和钻探取样测试成果计算了平台桩基承载力,对比讨论了3种桩基承载力计算方法之间的异同。结果表明:3种方法对应的桩侧摩阻力随埋深变化整体趋势基本一致;基于一定区域工程经验,钻探规范法和静探间接法得到的桩端阻力、单桩极限承载力基本吻合,而静探直接法得到的桩端阻力和单桩极限承载力相较前两者明显偏大;考虑以粉砂作为持力层的前提下3种桩基极限承载力计算方法表现出较好的兼容性。研究成果可为海洋工程桩基承载力计算提供新的借鉴,具有一定科学意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurement at 6–25 kHz in the Yellow Sea     

戚乐华  阚光明  刘保华  裴彦良  杨志国  于盛齐 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):113-122

Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurements at moderate to high frequencies were performed in the shallow water of the south Yellow Sea, using omnidirectional spherical sources and omnidirectional hydrophones. Sea-surface backscattering data for frequencies in the 6–25 k Hz range and wind speeds of(3.0±0.5)and(4.5±1.0) m/s were obtained from two adjacent experimental sites, respectively. Computation of sea-surface backscattering strength using bistatic transducer is described. Finally, we calculated sea-surface backscattering strengths at grazing angles in the range of 16°–85°. We find that the measured backscattering strengths agree reasonably well with those predicted by using second order small-roughness perturbation approximation method with "PM" roughness spectrum for all frequencies at grazing angles ranged from 40° to 80°. The backscattering strengths varied slightly at grazing angles of 16°–40°, and were much stronger than roughness scattering. It is speculated that scattering from bubbles dominates the backscattering strengths at high wind speeds and small grazing angles. At the same frequencies and moderate to high grazing angles, the results show that the backscattering strengths at a wind speed of(4.5±1.0) m/s were approximately 5 d B higher than those at a wind speed of(3.0±0.5) m/s. However, the discrepancies of backscattering strength at low grazing angles were more than 10 d B. Furthermore the backscattering strengths exhibited no significant frequency dependence at 3 m/s wind speed. At a wind speed of 4.5 m/s, the scattering strengths increased at low grazing angles but decreased at high grazing angles with increasing grazing angle.  相似文献   

Middle Miocene to Pleistocene magneto-biostratigraphy of ODP Sites 1150 and 1151, northwest Pacific: Sedimentation rate and updated regional geological timescale     

Isao Motoyama  Nobuaki Niitsuma  Toshiaki Maruyama  Hiroki Hayashi  Shin-ichi Kamikuri  Masamichi Shiono  Toshiya Kanamatsu  Kaori Aoki  Chikako Morishita  Kyoko Hagino  Hiroshi Nishi  Motoyoshi Oda 《Island Arc》2004,13(1):289-305

Abstract Shipboard and shore‐based investigation on siliceous and calcareous microfossil biostratigraphy, magneto‐stratigraphy and tephrostratigraphy identified numerous datum events from the sedimentary sequences of Sites 1150 and 1151 drilled on the forearc basin of northern Japan by the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 186. Some 83 datum events were selected to construct new age–depth models for the sites. Based on the reliable magneto‐stratigraphy from the Pleistocene to the Upper Miocene, which were correlated to the standard geomagnetic polarity timescale, and on excellent records of diatom and radiolarian biostratigraphy throughout the sequences, the shipboard age model was revised. Major revisions referred to stratigraphic position of the Miocene–Pliocene boundary that has been shifted more than 200 m downward in each sequence. The age–depth relations of the forearc sites represent drastic changes in the sedimentation rate—extremely high (40 cm/k.y. on average) in the Early Pliocene and low (less than 2 cm/k.y. on average) in the Middle Miocene—and several hiatuses exist throughout the sequence. The drastic changes can be related mostly to changes in diatom sedimentation and the tectonics of the Japanese Island Arc. Local ages for some foraminiferal, calcareous nannofossil and radiolarian bioevents are estimated from the age–depth models at each site. These newly calibrated bioevents and biozones as well as established diatom biostratigraphy are incorporated into the updated magneto‐biochronologic timescale, which will contribute to an improvement in biochronologic accuracy of Neogene sediments in northern Japan and adjacent areas.  相似文献