辫状河致密砂岩储层构型单元定量表征方法     

瞿雪姣  李继强  张吉  赵忠军  戚志林  罗超 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(5):1342-1352

针对现有辫状河储层构型单元定量表征方法关键参数获取困难且可靠性存疑的问题,以储层构型理论为指导,基于现代辫状河沉积、钻井岩心、录井和测井等资料,提出了基于单一辫状河道宽度的构型单元定量表征方法。首先,根据单井构型单元解释结果,确定同期辫状河道平面分布;其次,根据连井对比剖面,确定连井剖面内单一辫状河道间的界线位置;再次,根据现代辫状河单一辫状河道宽度与构型单元关系定量模型,限定辫状水道宽度、复合心滩长度及宽度等4级构型单元规模;最后,在单一辫状河道内确定4级构型单元平面分布,进而在密集井网区对复合心滩进行解剖,确定单个心滩位置和几何形态。采用该方法对苏××提高采收率试验区盒₈^下_1-3单层辫状河致密砂岩气藏进行了分析,结果表明：该单层砂岩气藏发育5条单一辫状河道,其宽度为1 050~1 890 m;辫状水道宽度为234~435 m;复合心滩长度和宽度分别为1 931~3 569 m、685~1 242 m;单个心滩长度和宽度分别为660~1 880 m、310~1 030 m。  相似文献   

秦岭东部牛背梁自然保护区巴山冷杉树轮宽度与气候因子的关系     

秦进  白红英  翟丹平  王俊  李书恒  黎斌 《冰川冻土》2017,39(3):540-548

基于树木年代学方法,通过响应分析与回归分析对秦岭东段主脊牛背梁自然保护区巴山冷杉（Abies fargesii）树轮宽度所蕴涵的气候意义进行探讨。结果表明：巴山冷杉年轮宽度标准化年表和差值年表的各项特征值较高,反映树轮资料包含较强的环境信息;归纳相关分析结果,发现春夏季气温是树木径向生长的主导因子,当年1-8月不同时段的平均气温普遍对巴山冷杉生长有促进作用,其中1-2月平均气温对树木生长的影响最为显著,而前一年10-11月平均气温的“滞后作用”不可忽略。降水不是该区巴山冷杉生长的主要限制因子,但当年1-2月的降水过多会导致组织生长减缓;回归模型能较好模拟年轮宽度与气候因子之间的关系,据此结合极宽、极窄轮出现年份的气候状况印证了巴山冷杉树轮宽度年际变化是生长季初期气温、降水相互制衡、共同作用的结果,并推测巴山冷杉林带位置有向高海拔迁移的可能。为秦岭植被生长在气候变化过程中的生态模式演变研究提供一定的依据。  相似文献   

Study on wave-induced setup over fringing reefs in the presence of a reef crest     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

It has been well observed that a reef crest (ridge) may be present at the reef edge, but so far very few published studies focusing on the effects of such reef-crest on the wave dynamics over fringing reefs. To understand the role of a reef-crest configuration in determining breaking-wave induced setup over the reef flat, a series of experiments were carried out in a wave flume using an idealized fringing reef model with a reef crest. Experimental results were reported for a trapezoidal reef crest with five reef-crest widths under a series of monochromatic waves. Also examined was the reef without a reef crest. Data analysis shows that larger energy dissipation associated with smaller surfzone width around the reef edge occurred with a wider reef crest. The maximum wave-induced setup on the reef flat in the presence of the reef crest was significantly larger than that without, and it also increased with increasing reef-crest width. The reef-crest submergence was found to be a primary parameter controlling the magnitude of wave setup on the reef flat provided that the reef crest was sufficient wide. An alternative semi-analytical 1DH model based on the balance of cross-shore momentum was proposed. The model was validated by present laboratory data as well as three existing 1DH laboratory studies. Comparing with other two representative semi-analytical models in the literature showed that the proposed model was capable of better reproducing the maximum wave-induced setup on the reef flat for a variety of reef profiles with/without a reef crest, different reef-crest water levels, as well as both monochromatic and spectral waves. The model parameter was physically related to the two characteristic lengths in the surf zone and its value was dependent on the fore-reef slope as well as the presence of a reef crest. The 1DH model was also satisfactorily applied to a fringing reef in field conditions where the effects of fore-reef friction and back-reef lagoon were not important.  相似文献   

Hydraulic model tests for propagation of flow and sediment in floods due to breaking of a natural landslide dam during a mountainous torrent     

Takahiro Itoh  Akihiko Ikeda  Takahiko Nagayama  Takahisa Mizuyama 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):107-116

During mountain torrents, large-magnitude floods may result from heavy rainfall and cause the breakage of landslide dams naturally formed by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and so on. The characteristics of longitudinal spreading of clear water discharge and changes in flow depth must be clarified because the changes in peak depth have not yet been examined in steep-slope torrents and because there are few data on spreading of flash floods and related sedimentation in mountainous torrents. In the present study, experimental data were collected through hydraulic model tests over a rigid bed, and the spreading of water, fine sediment, bed load, and large boulders due to flooding are discussed assuming that flash flooding/debris flows occur in the upstream reach. The effects of changes in flow width, such as expansions and contractions in the flow width, as well as changes in meandering channels, sediment transportation, and spreading flow depth resulting from bores are examined using flume data for a steep-slope torrent. The data obtained in the present study reveal that fine sediment components are transported to the downstream reach if large-magnitude floods occur and that the spreading rate and peak lags of the fine sediment and water level indicate the occurrence of a flood in the upstream reach.  相似文献   

Landslides control the spatial and temporal variation of channel width in southern Taiwan: Implications for landscape evolution and cascading hazards in steep,tectonically active landscapes          下载免费PDF全文

Brian J. Yanites  Nate A. Mitchell  Joshua C. Bregy  Grace A. Carlson  Kirstyn Cataldo  Margaret Holahan  Graham H. Johnston  Amelia Nelson  Jeffery Valenza  Matthew Wanker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1782-1797

Intense precipitation or seismic events can generate clustered mass movement processes across a landscape. These rare events have significant impacts on the landscape, however, the rarity of such events leads to uncertainty in how they impact the entire geomorphic system over a range of timescales. Taiwan is steep, tectonically active, and prone to landslide and debris flows, especially when exposed to heavy rainfall events. Typhoon Morakot made landfall in Taiwan in August of 2009, causing widespread landslides in southern Taiwan. The south to north trend in valley relief in southern Taiwan leads to spatial variability in landslide susceptibility providing an opportunity to infer the long‐term impact of such landslide events on channel morphology. We use pre‐ and post‐typhoon imagery to quantify the propagating impact of this event on channel width as the debris is routed through the landscape. The results show the importance of cascading hazards from landslides on landscape evolution based on patterns of channel width (both pre‐ and post‐typhoon) and hillslope gradients in 20 basins along strike in southern Taiwan. Prior to Typhoon Morakot, the river channels in the central part of the study area were about 3–10 times wider than the channels in the south. Following the typhoon, aggradation and widening was also a maximum in these central to northern basins where hillslope gradients and channel steepness is high, accentuating the pre‐typhoon pattern. The results further show that the narrowest channels are located where channel steepness is the lowest, an observation inconsistent with a detachment‐limited model for river evolution. We infer this pattern is indicative of a strong role of sediment supply, and associated landslide events, on long‐term channel evolution. These findings have implications across a range of spatial and temporal scales including understanding the cascade of hazards in steep landscapes and geomorphic interpretation of channel morphology. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

水运工程多波束测深作业要求的研究     

毛世伟  黄永军  付兴武 《海洋测绘》2011,31(3):44-47

对水运工程多波束测深作业要求中一系列的技术问题进行了深入研究.以满足波束脚印无缝衔接和探寻水底目标物为约束,分别给出了测船最大限速的计算式.通过数值分析探讨了目前几种常用多波束仪器测线布设的理论宽深比和实际宽深比.对影响多波束测深精度的五个重要参数:横摇偏角、纵摇偏角、艏摇偏角、时延、声速剖面等分别做了详细介绍,并且给...  相似文献   

地下掩埋管道及其地下建筑物压覆矿产边界的确定          下载免费PDF全文

巩庆伟  李进喜  吉恒召 《山东国土资源》2009,25(3)

地下掩埋管道及其地下建筑物压覆矿产边界，是由建设工程本身抗破坏能力、工程重要性以及矿体特征、开采方式、工程与矿体的相对位置等因素决定的。对于地下矿体，按围护带宽度、上覆各岩层移动角确定压覆矿产边界；对于地表非爆破性采矿，按围护带宽度和地表岩层移动角确定压覆矿产边界；对于地表爆破性采矿，安全爆破距离一般取50m。  相似文献   

基于CloudSat卫星对地基云雷达反射率因子的校准          下载免费PDF全文

王晨  苏婧  汪美华  胡晓宇  杨宣  母庆渝  葛觐铭 《气象科技》2022,50(3):314-323

地基云雷达是云的重要探测手段，但随着运行时间的增加，雷达发射机、接收器等参数的变化，会使观测数据产生漂移偏差，从而对云物理特性的反演产生显著影响，因此云雷达数据的校准是一个重要的基础问题。针对KAZR（Ka Band Zenith Radar，K波段云雷达）云雷达特征，本文在Pavlos等提出的雷达数据校准方法基础上进行改进，优化了对弱云和降水的信号识别，利用CloudSat星载雷达观测的反射率因子，气体衰减校正等数据，对兰州大学半干旱气候环境监测站（Semi Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University，SACOL）KAZR云雷达2013年8月至2017年5月反射率因子数据进行了校准，建立了KAZR雷达反射率因子46个月的历史资料校准数据库，并对校准周期的变化进行了对比分析。校准数据库的建立对SACOL站云的长期观测研究具有重要意义，同时为不同波段地基雷达的对比增加了可行性。  相似文献   

风浪频谱的成长模型Ⅰ.谱参量随风区的增长关系          下载免费PDF全文

王鑫  侯一筠 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(5):433-438

为得到谱参量随风区的变化关系,从而更细致地刻画风浪频谱的成长方式.在动力学方程的控制下,基于三参量风浪频谱,利用动力-统计学相结合的方法导出了谱参量(谱宽度B、谱的零阶矩～m0、谱的峰频率～ω0)随风场要素(风区)的成长关系分别为:B=5.68×10-3～X9.482×10-1-4.66×10-2ln-x;～m0=1.356×10-8～x2.367-1.097×10-1ln～x;～ω=4.082×101～X-7.623×10-1+3.71×10-2ln～x.同时得到了简化形式的波陡δ、波龄β与谱宽度之间的关系为:δ=2.14×10-2B-1.05-4.26×10-1lnB,β=1.26B1.28+1.97×10-1ln(B).此外,还得出了受风场要素控制的,谱的零阶矩与谱的峰频率之间新关系为:{ω0=a1～m0-0.33 a1=1.034×10-1～X1.872×10-2+8.50×10-4ln～x,从而阐明了先前的各种经验关系是新关系在取不同风区值时的特例.可见,将动力学原理引入风浪频谱的研究,所建立的谱参量随风区的变化关系与先前的经验公式相比更加合理,且普适性更强.  相似文献