重庆雾和霾的气候特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

白莹莹  杨世琦  刘川  董新宁 《中低纬山地气象》2018,42(3):33-37

利用1981—2014年重庆地区气象观测资料,基于气候统计法分析重庆地区雾和霾的气候特征,结果表明:重庆雾日总体呈显著减少趋势,两种雾日观测资料的倾向率分别为为-10.3 d/10a和-7.6 d/10 a;雾日的空间分布总体呈"中西部多,东南东北少,西部偏北地区多于西部偏南地区"。霾日总体趋势与雾日变化相反,呈显著上升趋势,倾向率为12.9 d/10a,并且霾日发生显著增加的时段与雾日发生显著减少的时段基本一致,2000年前后霾日经历了明显的突变;霾的分布主要呈现"以主城为中心,中西部多,东北部和东南部少"的特点。  相似文献   

A parallel method to accelerate spatial operations involving polygon intersections     

Chen Zhou  Zhenjie Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(12):2402-2426

Polygon intersection is an important spatial data-handling process, on which many spatial operations are based. However, this process is computationally intensive because it involves the detection and calculation of polygon intersections. We addressed this computation issue based on two perspectives. First, we improved a method called boundary algebra filling to efficiently rasterize the input polygons. Polygon intersections were subsequently detected in the cells of the raster. Owing to the use of a raster data structure, this method offers advantages of reduced task dependence and improved performance. Based on this method, we developed parallel strategies for different procedures in terms of workload decomposition and task scheduling. Thus, the workload across different parallel processes can be balanced. The results suggest that our method can effectively accelerate the process of polygon intersection. When addressing datasets with 1,409,020 groups of overlapping polygons, our method could reduce the total execution time from 987.82 to 53.66 s, thereby obtaining an optimal speedup ratio of 18.41 while consistently balancing the workloads. We also tested the effect of task scheduling on the parallel efficiency, showing that reducing the total runtime is effective, especially for a lower number of processes. Finally, the good scalability of the method is demonstrated.  相似文献   

Selection of coherent deposit-type locations and their application in data-driven mineral prospectivity mapping   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

E.J.M. Carranza  M. Hale  C. Faassen 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,33(3-4):536-558

Data-driven prospectivity mapping can be undermined by dissimilarity in multivariate spatial data signatures of deposit-type locations. Most cases of data-driven prospectivity mapping, however, make use of training sets of randomly selected deposit-type locations with the implicit assumption that they are coherent (i.e., with similar multivariate spatial data signatures). This study shows that the quality of data-driven prospectivity mapping can be improved by using a training set of coherent deposit-type locations. Analysis and selection of coherent deposit-type locations was performed via logistic regression, by using multiple sets of deposit occurrence favourability scores of univariate geoscience spatial data as independent variables and binary deposit occurrence scores as dependent variable. The set of coherent deposit-type locations and three sets of randomly selected deposit-type locations were each used in data-driven prospectivity mapping via application of evidential belief functions. The prospectivity map based on the training set of coherent deposit-type locations resulted in lower uncertainty, better goodness-of-fit to the training set, and better predictive capacity against a cross-validation set of economic deposits of the type sought. This study shows that explicit selection of training set of coherent deposit-type locations should be applied in data-driven prospectivity mapping.  相似文献   

Latitude versus Depth Simulations of Ecodynamics and Dissolved Gas Chemistry Relationships in the Central Pacific     

Shaoping Chu  Scott Elliott 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,40(3):305-333

Nutrient ecology and trace gas processing are intimately coupled in the surface ocean and participate in key linkages through the Earth biogeochemical system. We have added water column photochemistry for volatile sulfur and organic compounds to large scale nutrient cycle modules, in order to create a one dimensional, open ocean ecochemistry simulator. Phyto- and zooplankton, recyclers and biological waste products are represented through N and Fe densities. Dimethyl sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and the methyl halides are tracked individually along with certain precursors and nonmethane hydrocarbons. The model is applied along the 180 degree meridian in the Northern Hemisphere. Ecodynamics are validated against satellite ocean color maps. Biological/photochemical production terms are then iterated upon to match measured distributions for the trace gases. Data are most complete for dimethyl sulfide. Major patterns in its climatology are captured within individual ecological provinces. However, at the basin scale reduced sulfur release must be varied over almost an order of magnitude because the mechanism developed contains only one plant taxon. Based on sparser data, first order rate constants are estimated for phytoplanktonic exudation of the methyl halides. Parameters are also established for photolytic injection of carbonyl sulfide and propylene from the dissolved organics. Ocean general circulation models and interactive ocean-atmosphere transport simulations are discussed as frameworks for future application.  相似文献   

Using non-Gaussian distributions in geostatistical simulations     

G. Bourgault 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(3):315-334

Parametric geostatistical simulations such as LU decomposition and sequential algorithms do not need Gaussian distributions. It is shown that variogram model reproduction is obtained when Uniform or Dipole distributions are used instead of Gaussian distributions for drawing i. i.d. random values in LU simulation, or for modeling the local conditional probability distributions in sequential simulation. Both algorithms yield simulated values with a marginal normal distribution no matter if Gaussian, Uniform, or Dipole distributions are used. The range of simulated values decreases as the entropy of the probability distribution decreases. Using Gaussian distributions provides a larger range of simulated normal score values than using Uniform or Dipole distributions. This feature has a negligible effect for reproduction of the normal scores variogram model but have a larger impact on the reproduction of the original values variogram. The Uniform or Dipole distributions also produce lesser fluctuations among the variograms of the simulated realizations.  相似文献   

应用已知矿体质量的正态概率分布评价区域铀矿资源质量     

邱嘉云  庄师柳 《华东地质学院学报》1992,(1)

本文论述了应用已知矿体质量正态概率分布,评价区域铀矿资源质量的可行性,详细阐述了区域铀矿资源质量评价中不同区间的品位、厚度、储量的矿体概率和储量概率计算步骤,同时还叙述了资源平均品位和矿体品位与规模组合概率计算方法,最后简要介绍了一个应用实例。  相似文献   

环境场对西北太平洋热带气旋快速增强过程的影响   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

梅耀  余锦华 《气象科学》2016,36(6):770-778

利用美国联合台风预警中心整编的西北太平洋1970—2012年热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据集及ERA-Interim再分析资料,利用极端天气法确定TC快速增强(RI)的阈值为30 kn,分析了快速增强(RI)TC的时空分布特征;从RI的样本中选取9个个例,采用动态合成分析法,对TCRI过程的环境场进行比分析。研究表明:(1)菲律宾群岛以东(10~15°N,130°E)海域为RI发生频数最多的区域,南海地区发生RI的情况明显偏少。(2)RI在1972年发生的概率最大,而在2005年发生的概率最小,1997年后,RI发生的概率波动性较大。(3)西风与西南风水汽输送结合150h Pa附近的反气旋强辐散作用,有利于TCRI过程的进行。(4)RI发生前24 h至RI发生后的6 h,TC中心附近区域平均东风切变较快增大,其值由0.5 m·s~(-1)增加到2.5 m·s~(-1)左右,之后保持在2.0~3.0 m·s~(-1),使TC处于一个有利于其RI过程的纬向风切变环境。  相似文献   

崂山湾网采浮游植物时空分布特征及其与环境因子关系     

宋秀凯  汤宪春  程玲  孙伟  张焕君  姜会超  刘元进 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(6):1205-1213

为了解崂山湾浮游植物群落年际变化特征,在该海域设置了14个监测站位,于2012年-2014年每年3,5,8,11月采用浅水Ⅲ型浮游生物网进行了12个航次调查,并同步监测其它环境因子。共鉴定浮游植物127种,隶属于硅藻、甲藻、金藻、蓝藻、绿藻5大门类25科47属,其中硅藻16科36属105种,占种类数的82.7%;甲藻6科8属19种,占种类数的15.0%;金藻、蓝藻、绿藻各1科1属1种。优势种季节更替明显,3月份主要优势种为冰河拟星杆藻、中肋骨条藻和加拉星杆藻等,5月优势种为夜光藻、尖刺拟菱形藻和密联角毛藻等,8月优势种为三角角藻、尖刺拟菱形藻和派格棍形藻等,11月份优势种为虹彩圆筛藻、派格棍形藻和冰河拟星杆藻,浮游植物群落年际相似性在42%水平聚类分为春夏秋冬四大类群。浮游植物丰度季节更替明显,上下半年均有一个高峰期,上半年高峰期出现在3月,平均丰度169.2×104cell/m3,下半年高峰期在8月,平均丰度51.8×104cell/m3。绝大部分时间浮游植物丰度由近岸向远海呈递减趋势,高值区出现在田横岛西侧和鳌山卫东北面的内湾处,低值区位于远离崂山湾的外侧海域。群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均2.305(1.829—2.745),Margalef丰富度指数平均0.987(0.634—1.507),Pielou均匀度指数平均0.675(0.466—0.815)。浮游植物丰度很大程度上取决于硅藻丰度,二者均与盐度、铵盐、叶绿素a、N/P呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与p H和无机氮显著正相关(P0.05),而与水温呈显著负相关(P0.05)。甲藻丰度与无机氮和铵盐含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。物种多样性指数与化学需氧量显著正相关(P0.05),与无机氮、总磷和活性磷酸盐显著负相关(P0.05)。  相似文献   

一次飑线过程的雨滴谱特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王俊  姚展予  侯淑梅  龚佃利 《气象学报》2016,74(3):450-464

利用4台Thies激光雨滴谱仪组成的观测网和CINRADA/SA多普勒雷达观测资料,通过单点雨滴谱和积分参数时间序列分析、以及γ谱拟合参数和Z-R关系等的统计分析,研究成熟平行层状飑线不同部位雨滴谱和积分参数的演变特征。结果表明,不同部位雨滴谱和积分参数演变特征存在明显差别,但有一致的基本特征,即在雨强增大阶段为较小的小粒子数浓度,较大的大粒子数浓度和谱宽,而雨强减弱阶段为较大的小粒子数浓度,较小的大粒子数浓度和谱宽,所以,雨强增大阶段具有较低的雨滴浓度和较大的雷达反射率因子,以及较小的γ谱斜率参数λ和形状参数μ。但有时雨强减弱阶段存在较大的大粒子数浓度和谱宽,因此,具有较大的雷达反射率因子;统计表明,γ谱三参数N0、μ、λ与雨强的关系可以用幂函数拟合, N0随雨强增大而增大,μ、λ随着雨强的增大而减小。λ-μ关系可以用二次多项式拟合,对流云Z-R关系为Z=324R1.60。不同部位雨滴谱演变特征的差异对Z-R关系等统计关系影响明显,但对λ-μ关系影响较小。平行层状飑线不同部位雨滴谱和积分参数演变特征与拖曳层状飑线对流带典型雨滴谱演变特征类似,但也存在一些明显差别,这些差异是否与平行层状飑线动力结构的不同有关,尚需进一步的研究。   相似文献   

The spatial-Temporal distributions and migrations of mesozoic magmaism in South China and subduction process of the paleo-pacific plate北大核心CSCD     

Liu K.  Li Z.-L.  Xu W.-G.  Ye H.-M.  Ziiao X.-L.  Hu Y.-Z.  Zhou J.  Mao J.-R. 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(6):1141-1155

The spatial-Temporal distributions and migrations of Mesozoic magmatism suggest that Mesozoic igneous rocks in South China can be divided into "two regions and four belts" , which are thought to be the products of convergence of multiple blocks as well as multi-stages and multi-directional compressional-extensional orogeny. However, it is impossible that the single subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate to form multi-direction and wide( > I (KK) km) tectonic deformation and mag- matic rock belt. In this paper. We evaluated the model of the paleo-Pacific Plate subduction, which widely circulated on late Mesozoic magmatism in Cathaysian Block at present, to address the its main contribution and shortage. We put forward that approximately middle-Jurassic( 175±5 Ma) , the South China entered the paleo-Pacific tectonic system, roughly from south to north oblique subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. After 120 Ma, the subduction direction of paleo-Pacific Plate has changed to westward forward subduction dramatically. At the end of Mesozoic, the South China continent has become a passive margin so that there are the different tectonic setting roughly contemporary in southeastern China coast and east- em Taiwan. The former is the within-continent tectonic environment of the extensional-break up setting, where as and the latter is the arc tectonic environment with collision-compresive stress.  相似文献