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渭河关中段洪水资源化潜力评估 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
洪水资源化是实施渭河流域关中段流域资源综合管理和实现区域经济可持续发展的必然要求和重要途径。通过对渭河流域关中段来水来沙丰枯变化规律和河道冲淤特性的分析,从有利于输水输沙减少泥沙淤积考虑,确定渭河中游洪峰2000m3/s、渭河下游段3000m3/s为洪水利用起算标准;依据这一标准,计算出林家村—魏家堡河段平均年可利用洪水水量、洪水沙量分别为4.038×107m3、6.83×106t,魏家堡—咸阳河段平均年可利用洪水水量、洪水沙量分别为为9.139×107m3、6.05×106t,咸阳—华县河段平均年可利用洪水水量、洪水沙量分别为1.617×108m3、1.843×107t;流域综合管理过程中,必须引入风险管理机制,利用优化理论寻找平衡机制,实现流域防洪、供水和生态保护兼顾的最佳效益。 相似文献
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洪湖湿地抗渍蓄洪能力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鉴于洪湖湿地为渍涝灾害的多发区,并在江汉平原具有一定的代表意义,本文以该区为研究对象,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行分析,以便正确认识洪湖湿地的抗渍蓄洪能力.建立洪湖湿地的TIN模型以分析该区的抗渍蓄洪能力,并分别计算出洪湖湖泊的调蓄能力和整个洪湖湿地水位同蓄水面积及蓄水容量之间的关系.通过TIN模型与2001年的LandSat-ETM+遥感图像的叠加分析,统计出不同湿地类型的平均高程.依此计算出23. Ini高程线为水稻田的耕作线,由此推算出水稻基本不受影响条件下洪湖湿地的调蓄容量为1.087×109 m3.并提出在该区建立基于地理信息系统的减灾决策体系的建议,以便进行有效的防灾减灾. 相似文献
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Assessment of groundwater recharge influenced by floodwater spreading: an integrated approach with limited accessible data 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
M. Pakparvar K. Walraevens S.A.M. Cheraghi Gh. Ghahari W. Cornelis D. Gabriels 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(1):147-164
To assess the response of groundwater to artificial recharge through floodwater spreading (FWS) a combination approach of water table fluctuations and water budget was used. In this process, water level data in six observation wells installed inside and around the site of the FWS systems together with the amount of rainfall and volume of floodwater diverted to the system were examined during the period 1993–2012. Specific yield was also determined based on measured soil hydraulic properties for three experimental wells hand drilled within the FWS systems. The observation wells located inside the FWS systems were less susceptible to drought and abstractions than the other wells in the area. The hydrograph of the wells inside the FWS showed a large disparity in rises (0.5–2.05 m) after the two major floods in 2004 and 2005 due to systems closure in 2004. The water budget calculated based on water table fluctuations for 2010/11 showed that the contribution of FWS systems to total recharge in the study area was about 57–61%.
EDITOR D. KoutsoyiannisASSOCIATE EDITOR S. Kanae 相似文献
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2005年10月初汉江发生了自1983年以来最大的一次洪水。通过对江汉下游仙桃河段不同地貌单元洪水沉积物的系统取样和分析,发现2005年汉江洪水沉积的粒度特征具有以下特点： 1)不同河道地貌单元的沉积物粒级组分有所不同,高河漫滩的粒径相对偏细,主要以粉砂级组分为主（49.56.％）,粘土含量相对较高（约为4.871％）。低河漫滩和平水位边滩沉积物的粒径相对偏粗,主要以砂级组分为主（低河漫滩为82.96.％,边滩为69.72.％）,低河漫滩沉积物中粘土含量较少,只有1.058.％; 2)平水位边滩沉积物的粒径的统计平均值比高河漫滩沉积物值偏大,而标准差值的统计平均值却比高河漫滩和低河漫滩沉积物的偏小; 3) 3种地貌单元中,高河漫滩的偏度平均值最大,低河漫滩的偏度平均值最小,但低河漫滩偏度平均值的分布范围却较大; 4)低河漫滩沉积的粒度参数值曲线的空间波动起伏最为明显,而高河漫滩粒度参数值的空间变化不大; 5) 3种地貌单元的峰态系数的统计平均值均大于1.15（为窄态）,频率曲线表现为单峰,概率累积曲线都较平缓且均为2段式,反映了一般河流高水位沉积的基本特征。分析认为,粒度特征与河道不同地貌单元的微地貌形态和沉积结构是一致的,均是由洪水时不同地貌单元的水动力特征决定的。 相似文献
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Strategies for managing reservoir sedimentation 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Zhao-yin WANG Chunhong HU Prof. State Key Lab of Hydroscience Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China. Prof. Secretary General of International Research Training Center on Erosion Sedimentation Beijing China Vice President of China Institute of Water Resources Hydropower Research No. A- Fuxing Rd Beijing China. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):369-384
Sediment deposition in reservoirs has caused the loss of 66% of the reservoir capacity in China. The main sedimentation control strategies are： 1） storing the clear water and releasing the turbid water; 2） releasing turbidity currents; 3） Draw-down flushing and empty flushing; and 4） dredging, The paper summarizes these strategies with examples. Sediment transport in many Chinese rivers occurs mostly during the 2-4 month flood season, that is, 80-90% of the annual sediment load is transported with 50-60% of the annual runoff. By storing the clear water after the flood season and releasing the turbid water during the flood season, less sediment deposits in the reservoir while the reservoir is still able to store enough water for power generation in the low flow season. The Three Gorges and Sanmenxia reservoirs apply this strategy and control sedimentation effectively. Turbidity currents have become the main sedimentation control strategy for the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Empty flushing involves reservoir draw-down to temporarily establish riverine flow along the impound reach, flushing the eroded sediment through the outlets. Case studies with the Hengshan Reservoir and Zhuwo Reservoir are presented. Jet dredgers have been used to agitate the reservoir deposit so that the deposit is released from the reservoir with currents. The sediment releasing efficiency is 30-100% for storing the clear and releasing the turbid; 6-40 % for turbidity current; and 2,400-5,500% for empty flushing. Empty flushing causes high ecological stress on the ecosystem to the downstream reaches. Storing the clear and releasing the turbid is the best strategy to control reservoir sedimentation while achieving hydro-power benefit and maintain ecological stability. 相似文献
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在保障防洪与河湖生态安全的前提下,将汛期洪水尽可能多地蓄存起来以满足当前及未来一段时间的河道外用水需求,是浅水湖泊洪水资源利用所追求的目标。为综合考虑区域来水和需水不确定性、潜在储水空间和利用方式,合理确定洪水资源开发规模,采用模拟与优化相结合的方法,建立了浅水湖泊洪水资源适度开发规模优选模型,并将该模型应用于南四湖。研究结果表明：以滨湖反向调节利用方式为主的浅水湖泊洪水资源开发规模,受制于泵站启动水位、抽水能力和河道外蓄水空间的共同作用,但并不呈现线性关系,存在明显的阈值效应;南四湖洪水资源开发的适度规模为多年平均全年3.63亿m3、汛期1.56亿m3,开发条件是泵站启动水位为33.75 m、泵站抽水能力为48 m3/s、区域蓄水体容积为4.80亿m3。研究可为确定南四湖洪水资源利用规模提供依据,为类似流域提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献