Annual variations in water storage and precipitation in the Amazon Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John W. Crowley  Jerry X. Mitrovica  Richard C. Bailey  Mark E. Tamisiea  James L. Davis 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(1):9-13

We combine satellite gravity data from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and precipitation measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center’s (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), over the period from mid-2002 to mid-2006, to investigate the relative importance of sink (runoff and evaporation) and source (precipitation) terms in the hydrological balance of the Amazon Basin. When linear and quadratic terms are removed, the time-series of land water storage variations estimated from GRACE exhibits a dominant annual signal of 250 mm peak-to-peak, which is equivalent to a water volume change of ~1,800 km³. A comparison of this trend with accumulated (i.e., integrated) precipitation shows excellent agreement and no evidence of basin saturation. The agreement indicates that the net runoff and evaporation contributes significantly less than precipitation to the annual hydrological mass balance. Indeed, raw residuals between the de-trended water storage and precipitation anomalies range from ±40 mm. This range is consistent with stream-flow measurements from the region, although the latter are characterized by a stronger annual signal than our residuals, suggesting that runoff and evaporation may act to partially cancel each other.  相似文献   

青藏高原地面Doppler雷达与TRMM星载雷达测云比较   总被引：8，自引：8，他引：8  

冯锦明  王致君  楚荣忠  刘黎平 《高原气象》2001,20(4):345-353

利用 1998年青藏高原地面Doppler雷达资料和TRMMPR资料进行对比分析 ,分别从不同角度出发 ,分析了Doppler雷达和TRMMPR所测云区在回波结构和回波强度等方面的相同和差异之处 ,以及产生误差的必然和可能的原因  相似文献   

用TRMM资料研究1998年长江流域暴雨   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

Cheng Minghu  He Huizhong  Mao Dongyan  Qi Yanjun  Cui Zhehu  Zhou Fengxian 《大气科学进展》2001,18(3):387-396

热带测雨卫星ＴＲＭＭ资料于１９９８年６月起向公众用户开放。本文使用了１９９８年７月２０日世界时２１：４０分的ＴＲＭＭ资料对长江流域暴雨作了初步研究。ＴＲＭＭ导出的降水产品亦与雨量计，地面雷达观测以及数值模拟结果进行了比较。由此得出，ＴＲＭＭ资料非常适合于暴雨监测研究。此外，它们还有其他广泛得用途。  相似文献   

Comparing the spatial extent of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone wind and rain fields prior to land interaction     

Qiao Guo 《自然地理学》2016,37(1):5-25

Understanding changes in the size of tropical cyclone (TC) wind and rain fields before landfall can improve identification of areas that may experience damage. We examine 25 Atlantic basin TCs for 36 h before gale-force winds (R17) cross land. Rain field extents are measured from satellite estimates of rain rates using a Geographic Information System. In each quadrant, R17 is obtained from the Extended Best Track data-set and correlated with the extent of the rain field. In general, both fields expand prior to landfall. The non-linearity of this trend poses problems for persistence forecast models. The largest wind fields are located over the Atlantic Ocean. Correlations between wind and rain field extent are strongly positive for Atlantic cases regardless of whether extratropical transition (ET) occurs and are associated with the direction of vertical wind shear. Poor correlations exist for Gulf observations. Rain fields extend farther towards the east during ET when vertical wind shear is stronger, but wind fields are not significantly different when separating cases based on whether or not ET occurs. As rain fields extend farther than wind fields in 33% of Gulf cases, moderately heavy rainfall may commence before damaging winds arrive, decreasing the time available for preparedness activities.  相似文献   

TRMM月降水量产品在新疆地区的订正   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

卢新玉  魏鸣  王秀琴 《应用气象学报》2017,28(3):379-384

利用1998-2013年TRMM月降水量产品与新疆同期的105个气象站地面观测降水量,运用逐步回归与BP神经网络方法,选取1998-2010年数据建立新疆地区的降水订正模型,并利用2011-2013年月降水量进行检验。结果表明:加入地形因子对TRMM月降水量产品订正效果明显,整体上两种模型对TRMM月降水量产品订正的相关系数从最初的0.66分别提高到0.75和0.80,相对误差由10.75%分别降低为4.88%和3.19%;月尺度上,TRMM月降水量产品相对误差为-5.68%~54.44%,经逐步回归模型订正后为-4.26%~32.57%,而BP神经网络模型订正后为-5.33%~24.48%,表明BP神经网络模型订正效果更好;从综合时间技巧评分S_T看,订正后TRMM月降水量产品在各月的效果均有不同程度提高,逐步回归模型订正后提高0.01~0.49,BP神经网络模型订正后提高0.03~0.70。因此,基于逐步回归模型与BP神经网络模型订正的TRMM降水量产品均能够准确、定量地再现降水分布,为TRMM降水量产品质量改进提供一种较实用的参考方法。  相似文献   

基于TRMM资料的高原涡与西南涡引发强降水的对比研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

蒋璐君  李国平  王兴涛 《大气科学》2015,39(2):249-259

利用TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)卫星探测结果结合NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)再分析资料, 对2007年7月17日四川、重庆地区的一次西南涡强降水系统和2008年7月21日四川东部的东移高原涡强降水系统的三维结构特征、雨顶高度以及降水廓线特征进行对比分析研究。结果表明:(1)两次降水过程均是发生在西南—东北向的水汽辐合带中, 且降水云群均位于低涡的东南方。(2)两次强降水在水平结构上均表现为由一个主降水雨带和多个零散降水云团组成, 高原涡强降水过程比西南涡强降水的降水强度和范围都要大。降水雷达探测到的两个中尺度降水系统均以降水范围大、强度弱的层云降水为主, 但对流性降水对总降水量的贡献较大, 其中西南涡降水中对流降水所占比例比高原涡的大, 对总降水率的贡献也大。(3)垂直结构上:两次强降水的雨顶高度均是随地表雨强的增加而增加, 且最大雨顶高度接近16 km, 但西南涡强降水中的雨顶高度比高原涡更高, 说明西南涡降水过程中对流旺盛程度强于高原涡。(4)两次强降水中雨滴碰并增长过程以及凝结潜热的释放主要集中在8 km以下, 但8 km以上西南涡降水变化大于高原涡, 且前者在8~12 km高度层的降水量对总降水量贡献百分比大于后者。  相似文献   

TRMM3B42降水产品在鄱阳湖流域梅川江子流域的精度评价(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘军志  朱阿兴  段峥 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2012,(4):359-366

在鄱阳湖流域的梅川江子流域,利用52个站点9年(2001-2005及2007-2010)的日降水数据对V6和V7两个版本的TRMM 3B42降水产品进行了精度评价。该评价针对多个时空尺度进行,包括栅格和流域两个空间尺度,日、月和年三个时间尺度。为避免尺度不匹配问题,本文利用泰森多边形方法将点尺度的站点观测数据转换到与TRMM数据相同的栅格尺度。评价结果表明,V6和V7两个版本的TRMM3B42降水产品差别较小,整体上均轻微高估了降水量(偏差均为0.04)。在日尺度,栅格和流域空间尺度上V6和V7TRMM3B42降水产品的精度均较差,相对均方根误差在135%-199%之间。因此,在该地区利用3B42数据进行日尺度的水文分析前需要对其进行校正。在月和年尺度,栅格和流域两个空间尺度上V6和V7两个版本的TRMM 3B42降水产品精度均较高,决定系数达到0.91-0.99,相对均方根误差在4%-23%之间。这表明TRMM 3B42降水产品在该地区月和年尺度的水文分析方面具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Improving multimodel weather forecast of monsoon rain over China using FSU superensemble   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

T. N. KRISHNAMURTI  A. D. SAGADEVAN  A. CHAKRABORTY  A. K. MISHRA  A. SIMON 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):813-839

In this paper we present the current capabilities for numerical weather prediction of precipitation over China using a suite of ten multimodels and our superensemble based forecasts. Our suite of models includes the operational suite selected by NCARs TIGGE archives for the THORPEX Program. These are: ECMWF, UKMO, JMA, NCEP, CMA, CMC, BOM, MF, KMA and the CPTEC models. The superensemble strategy includes a training and a forecasts phase, for these the periods chosen for this study include the months February through September for the years 2007 and 2008. This paper addresses precipitation forecasts for the medium range i.e. Days 1 to 3 and extending out to Day 10 of forecasts using this suite of global models. For training and forecasts validations we have made use of an advanced TRMM satellite based rainfall product. We make use of standard metrics for forecast validations that include the RMS errors, spatial correlations and the equitable threat scores. The results of skill forecasts of precipitation clearly demonstrate that it is possible to obtain higher skills for precipitation forecasts for Days 1 through 3 of forecasts from the use of the multimodel superensemble as compared to the best model of this suite. Between Days 4 to 10 it is possible to have very high skills from the multimodel superensemble for the RMS error of precipitation. Those skills are shown for a global belt and especially over China. Phenomenologically this product was also found very useful for precipitation forecasts for the Onset of the South China Sea monsoon, the life cycle of the mei-yu rains and post typhoon landfall heavy rains and flood events. The higher skills of the multimodel superensemble make it a very useful product for such real time events.  相似文献   

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRICAL STRUCTURE OF TYPHOON AERE'S PRECIPITATION   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

濮江平  吕梅  邹力 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):91-95

The structural characteristics of 2004 typhoon Aere’s precipitation are analyzed using the high-resolution data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) of the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). It is found that the typhoon’s characteristics vary at different stages of its development. To analyze the asymmetric causation of precipitation distribution, data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis are used to calculate the vertical integral of the water vapor flux vector. The results show that because of this process, along with the unique phenomenon of twin-typhoon circulation, the easterly air current of the typhoon’s northern side and the southwesterly air current of its southern side play a joint role in transporting water vapor. Furthermore, its transport effects vary greatly at the different stages of development, showing the peculiarity of the water source for this typhoon process. The distributions of the typhoon convection area—characterized by heavy precipitation and a maximum-value area of the water vapor flux, as well as a strong ascending-motion area—differ at different stages of the typhoon’s development. The non-uniform distribution of water vapor flux and the vertical motion bring about asymmetrical distribution of the typhoon precipitation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of TMPA satellite-based research and real-time rainfall estimates during six tropical-related heavy rainfall events over Louisiana, USA     

Emad Habib  Amy Henschke  Robert F. Adler 《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(3):373-388

This study focuses on the evaluation of 3-hourly 0.25° × 0.25° satellite-based rainfall estimates produced by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). The evaluation is performed during six heavy rainfall events that were generated by tropical storms passing over Louisiana, United States. Two surface-based rainfall datasets from gauge and radar observations are used as a ground reference for evaluating the real-time (RT) version of the TMPA product and the post-real-time bias adjusted research version. The evaluation analysis is performed at the native temporal and spatial scales of the TMPA products, 3-hourly and 0.25° × 0.25°. Several graphical and statistical techniques are applied to characterize the deviation of the TMPA estimates from the reference datasets. Both versions of the TMPA products track reasonably well the temporal evolution and fluctuations of surface rainfall during the analyzed storms with moderate to high correlation values of 0.5–0.8. The TMPA estimates reported reasonable levels of rainfall detection especially when light rainfall rates are excluded. On a storm scale, the TMPA products are characterized by varying degrees of bias which was mostly within ± 25% and ± 50% for the research and RT products, respectively. Analysis of the error distribution indicated that, on average, the TMPA products tend to overestimate small rain rates and underestimate large rain rates. Compared to the real-time estimates, the research product shows significant improvement in the overall and conditional bias, and in the correlation coefficients, with slight deterioration in the probability of detecting rainfall occurrences. A fair agreement in terms of reproducing the tail of the distribution of rain rates (i.e., probability of surface rainfall exceeding certain thresholds) was observed especially for the RT estimates. Despite the apparent differences with surface rainfall estimates, the results reported in this study highlight the TMPA potential as a valuable resource of high-resolution rainfall information over many areas in the world that lack capabilities for monitoring landfalling tropical storms.  相似文献