太原基准地震台地磁转换函数变化与邻区地震的关系     

阎计明  张美仙  刘国俊  王向阳 《山西地震》2001,(4):19-23

利用转换函数方法对太原基准地震台1989年1月至1998年12月的地磁资料进行了计算，用所得到的转换函数A，B的模|A|,|B|及总方差δZ的月变化，来研究地震前后地下电性结构的变化。对1989年以来山西及周边地区的5次Ms5.0以上地震前后太原基准地震台地磁转换函数的变化进行了研究。得出不同周期的转换函数A，B以及总方差δZ在震前有明显变化的结论。  相似文献   

Asynchronism-synchronism of regional precipitation in South-to-North Water Transfer planned areas     

ZHENG Hong-xing  LIU Chang-ming 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(2):161-169

1 IntroductionThe geographical feature of China is quite complex with an obvious spatial heterogeneity. At the sense of spatial distribution of precipitation, under the impacts of the relative position of land to ocean and the monsoon climate, the amount of precipitation tends to decrease from south to north and from southeast to northwest. According to the hydrological regionalization, the North China Plain, one of the social and economic centers of China[1,2], is a region short of water re…  相似文献   

Temperature and Water Vapor Weighting Functions from Radiative Transfer Equation with Surface Emissivity and Solar Reflectivity   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

Li Jun 《大气科学进展》1994,11(4):421-426

Linearization of Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) is the key step in physical retrieval of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from InfRared (IR) sounder observations. In this paper, the successive forms of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio component weighting functions are derived by applying one term variation method to RTE with surface emissivity and solar reflectivity contained. Retrivals of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio profiles from simulated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations with surface emissivity and solar reflectivity are presented.  相似文献   

A comment on the use of spectral characteristics of teleseismic body waves to evaluate fine crustal structure     

Roopa Gir  S. M. Gir Subhash 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1981,119(6):1180-1189

An investigation of the crustal response in the time and frequency domains is presented to show that for models with similar crustal transit times of P and S waves, any important changes in the internal configuration of the crust such as layering, layer thickness and velocity contrast only influence the amplitudes of the transfer function ratio. Frequency positions of peaks and troughs remain unperturbed unless the total transit time of P and/or S waves through the crust are varied. This would imply that fine crustal structure derived from a matching of peak positions of observed spectral ratios with theoretical transfer function ratios, as is commonly practiced, is not very meaningful. This limitation in the application of the spectral ratio method for detailed crustal structure is demonstrated using two recent applications of this technique.  相似文献   

Fault kinematic and Plio-Quaternary paleostress evolution of the Bakırçay Basin,Western Turkey     

Ercan Sangu  Ömer F. Gürer  Aysan Gürer 《International Geology Review》2020,62(10):1245-1261

ABSTRACT

At the end of the Cenozoic, western Turkey was fragmented by intense intra-continental tectonic deformation resulting in the formation of two extensional areas: a transtensional pull-apart basin systems in the northwest, and graben systems in the central and southwest areas. The question of the connection of this Late Cenozoic extensional tectonics to plate kinematics has long been an issue of discussion. This study presents the results of the fault slip data collected in Bak?rçay Basin in the west of Turkey and addresses changes in the direction of extensional stresses over the Plio-Quaternary. Field observations and quantitative analysis show that Bak?rçay Basin is not a simple graben basin that has evolved during a single phase. It started as a graben basin with extensional regime in the Pliocene and was transformed into a pull-apart basin under the influence of transtensional forces during the Quaternary. A chronology of two successive extensional episodes has been established and provides reasoning to constrain the timing and location of subduction-related back-arc tectonics along the Aegean region and collision-related extrusion tectonics in Turkey. The first NW–SE trending extension occurred during the Pliocene extensional phase, characterized by slab rollback and progressive steepening of the northward subduction of the African plate under the Anatolian Plate. Western Turkey has been affected, during the Middle Quaternary, by regional subsidence, and the direction of extension changed to N–S, probably in relation with the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault System. Since the Late Quaternary, NE–SW extension dominates northwest Turkey and results in the formation and development of elongated transtensional basin systems. Counterclockwise rotation of Anatolian block which is bounded to the north by the right-lateral strike-slip North Anatolian Fault System, accompanies to this extensional phase.  相似文献   

Development of a diatom-based model for inferring total phosphorus in southeastern Australian water storages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Tibby 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,31(1):23-36

Diatom-based transfer functions for inferring epilimnetic total phosphorus (TP) have been developed from a data set of 33 southeastern Australian water storages. Regular institutional monitoring of these sites has allowed comparison of models developed from TP data covering different time periods. A model based on mean annual TP performs better than models derived from winter maximum TP, spring minimum TP or TP nearest the time of diatom sampling. A mean annual TP model (WA-PLS 2 component) has a jack-knifed diatom-inferred versus measured TP correlation coefficient (r ² _jack) of 0.69 and a root-mean-square-error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.246 log₁₀g TP l^–1, while alternative models have RMSEP > 0.27. Deletion of two samples with uncharacteristic species composition and environmental conditions improved performance of the mean annual TP model (r ² _jack= 0.74; RMSEP = 0.233 log₁₀g TP l^–1). Comparison with other published diatom-TP calibration models indicates that this model performs relatively well, with possible contributing factors including the extensive characterisation of TP (with an average 15 determinations making up the annual mean) and the dominance of planktonic diatoms in most sites. Downcore application of the model will allow the reconstruction of reservoir nutrient histories since commissioning, and thus provide a basis for understanding and management of reservoirs.  相似文献   

Seismic and field evidence for selective inversion of Cretaceous normal faults, Salta rift, northwest Argentina   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jonas Kley  Eduardo A. Rossello  Csar R. Monaldi  Bjrn Habighorst 《Tectonophysics》2005,399(1-4):155

Northwestern Argentina was the site of the continental Salta rift in Cretaceous to Paleogene time. The Salta rift had a complex geometry with several subbasins of different trends and subsidence patterns surrounding a central high. Fault trends in the rift were extremely variable. There is evidence of normal and/or transfer faults trending N, NE, E and SE. It is not clear if all these faults were active at the same time, indicating a poorly defined extension direction, or if they formed in different, non-coaxial extension phases. In either case, their trends were very likely influenced by preexisting fault systems. Beginning in early Eocene time, the rift basins were superseded by Andean foreland basins and later became caught in the Andean thrust deformation propagating eastward, resulting in the inversion of rift faults. Due to their different orientations, not all faults were equally prone to reactivation as thrusts. N to NNE trending faults were apparently most strongly inverted, probably often to a degree where the traces of their normal fault origin have become obliterated. We present seismic evidence of moderately inverted N trending faults in the Tres Cruces basin and field examples of preserved E trending normal faults. However, reactivation sometimes also affects faults trending approximately parallel to the main Neogene shortening direction, indicating short-term deviations from the general pattern of Neogene thrust deformation. These pulses of orogen-parallel contraction may be linked to the intermittent activity of oblique transfer zones.  相似文献   

Active transfer fault zone linking a segmented extensional system (Betics, southern Spain): Insight into heterogeneous extension driven by edge delamination   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jos Miguel Martínez-Martínez  Guillermo Booth-Rea  Jos Miguel Azan  Federico Torcal 《Tectonophysics》2006,422(1-4):159-173

Pliocene and Quaternary tectonic structures mainly consisting of segmented northwest–southeast normal faults, and associated seismicity in the central Betics do not agree with the transpressive tectonic nature of the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary in the Ibero-Maghrebian region. Active extensional deformation here is heterogeneous, individual segmented normal faults being linked by relay ramps and transfer faults, including oblique-slip and both dextral and sinistral strike-slip faults. Normal faults extend the hanging wall of an extensional detachment that is the active segment of a complex system of successive WSW-directed extensional detachments which have thinned the Betic upper crust since middle Miocene. Two areas, which are connected by an active 40-km long dextral strike-slip transfer fault zone, concentrate present-day extension. Both the seismicity distribution and focal mechanisms agree with the position and regime of the observed faults. The activity of the transfer zone during middle Miocene to present implies a mode of extension which must have remained substantially the same over the entire period. Thus, the mechanisms driving extension should still be operating. Both the westward migration of the extensional loci and the high asymmetry of the extensional systems can be related to edge delamination below the south Iberian margin coupled with roll-back under the Alborán Sea; involving the asymmetric westward inflow of asthenospheric material under the margins.  相似文献   

Definition of subsoil structure and preliminary ground response in Aigion city (Greece) using microtremor and earthquakes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P.I. Apostolidis  D.G. Raptakis  K.K. Pandi  M.V. Manakou  K.D. Pitilakis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(10):922-940

An extensive campaign—including detailed geologic and geotechnical surveys both existing and news as well as noise measurements—was conducted along a cross-section in order to define both geometry and soil properties (mainly the shear wave velocity) of the main formations in Aigion city. Aigion city is located in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, a highly seismic region of the Aegean Sea. The main objective of the accurate 2D soil model is its use in site response modeling and in the interpretation of observations from a vertical down-hole accelerograph array. This model revealed a complex geologic structure with a multi-faulted shear zone related to the Aigion fault. The defined subsurface structure offered the possibility for its correlation with estimated site effects, in terms of spectral ratios. Two different data sets, earthquakes recorded at down-hole accelerograph network and noise measurements at 17 sites, were used. To translate the empirical transfer functions with the geologic structure, the 1D estimates were also computed. All these results are consistent, indicating a satisfactory correlation between the soil model and preliminary site response.  相似文献   

Optimized Computation of Transfer Coefficients in Surface Layer with Different Momentum and Heat Roughness Lengths     

Emmanuel Guilloteau 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,87(1):147-160

A new method for computing the surface transfer coefficients is proposed, based on state-of-the-art empirical flux-profile relationships. The influence of the roughness length ratio is first demonstrated with the classical iterative calculation method. Then a non-iterative algorithm is developed, taking into account the difference between momentum and heat roughness lengths.The new method is validated by comparison with the reference iterative computation. The large gain-in computer processing time (CPU) time gain for the calculation of surface fluxes in Eulerian grid models is finally assessed.  相似文献