酸性土壤中20种元素有效态浸提体系浅析   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

李锡坤  李鉴伦  洪翊  冯超  何平 《岩矿测试》2001,20(3):167-173

通过对酸性土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cd、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Si、P、S、Mo、F、Se、As、Hg20种元素有效态的浸提与测定，拟定了一个操作条件宽松、质量稳定，能满足区域调查需要的浸提体系和分析方案。该分析配套方案对20种元素的检出限在（0.0001～4.9）×10  相似文献   

Partitioning of heavy metals on soil samples from column tests   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R. N. Yong  W. Z. W. Yaacob  S. P. Bentley  C. Harris  B. K. Tan   《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):307-322

In this study, column tests were used to determine the retention capability of three types of estuarine alluvia collected adjacent to landfill sites in South Wales. Selective sequential extraction (SSE) was used to study the retention mechanisms of heavy metals in the soil columns obtained from leaching experiments. Acid digestion was later used to check the validity of the SSE results. Breakthrough curves show good retention of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, and Zn) by all soils, where almost 99% of heavy metals were retained with the C_e/C_o values in the order of 10⁻³. The retention strength of these soils was observed to be constant up to five pore volumes (PV). This corresponds with the pH of the effluents and pore water of soil slices, which also show good buffering capacity against very acidic leachate up to 5PV. The heavy metal extraction profiles from SSE show very similar trends with the retention profiles from the leaching experiments, where heavy metals were retained mainly at the top part where the leachate entered the column. SSE indicates qualitatively that heavy metals precipitated with carbonates and amorphous materials (oxides/hydroxides) are higher than heavy metal retention via exchangeable mechanisms. The mass balance calculation gives range of deviation of 1–16% of the total soil extraction. The distribution of the heavy metals with various soil constituents are ranked in the following order: Carbonates>Amorphous oxides hydroxides>Organic matter>Exchangeable phases.  相似文献   

Landsat　TM及JERS－1　SAR数据在金矿探测中的应用研究     

张满郎  郑兰芬 《遥感学报》1996,(4)

金矿遥感探测之关键在于成矿构造及铁氧化物、含羟基蚀变矿物的信息提取。ＪＥＲＳ—１ＳＡＲ在构造探测方面具有很大的优势，可通过噪斑消除及边缘增强的空间滤波来提取构造信息。ＬａｎｄｓａｔＴＭ可通过主成分变换，比值分析－主成分变换来提取蚀变矿物波谱信息、抑制植被波谱干扰。这两种遥感数据的复合处理可综合蚀变与构造信息。  相似文献   

Triggered earthquakes and deep well activities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Craig Nicholson  Robert L. Wesson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):561-578

Earthquakes can be triggered by any significant perturbation of the hydrologic regime. In areas where potentially active faults are already close to failure, the increased pore pressure resulting from fluid injection, or, alternatively, the massive extraction of fluid or gas, can induce sufficient stress and/or strain changes that, with time, can lead to sudden catastrophic failure in a major earthquake. Injection-induced earthquakes typically result from the reduction in frictional strength along preexisting, nearby faults caused by the increased formation fluid pressure. Earthquakes associated with production appear to respond to more complex mechanisms of subsidence, crustal unloading, and poroelastic changes in response to applied strains induced by the massive withdrawal of subsurface material. As each of these different types of triggered events can occur up to several years after well activities have begun (or even several years after all well activities have stopped), this suggests that the actual triggering process may be a very complex combination of effects, particularly if both fluid extraction and injection have taken place locally. To date, more than thirty cases of earthquakes triggered by well activities can be documented throughout the United States and Canada. Based on these case histories, it is evident that, owing to preexisting stress conditions in the upper crust, certain areas tend to have higher probabilities of exhibiting such induced seismicity.  相似文献   

二苯硫脲－甲基异丁酮泡塑富集液珠萃取比色法测定化探样品中的金银     

薛光 《岩矿测试》1995,(1):72-74

在１０％ＨＣＩ介质中，采用二苯硫脲（ＤＰＴＵ）－甲基异丁酮（ＭＩＢＫ）泡沫塑料富集，以金试剂液珠萃取比色法测定了化探样品中的Ａｕ和Ａｇ。方法的检出限：Ａｕ０．５×１０￣－９；Ａｓ５×１０￣－９（１０ｇ称样）。利用此方法制备了“野外快速分析箱”，可在野外简陋条件下进行现场测定。  相似文献   

基于ASTER数据的矿化蚀变遥感异常提取技术方法——在青海祁漫塔格成矿带虎头崖矿区的应用     

程三友  杨兴科  于恒彬  刘渭 《地质力学学报》2020,26(3):432-442

以ASTER遥感影像为数据源，对青海祁漫塔格成矿带虎头崖矿区，应用成像光谱法和主成分分析法对矿区矿化蚀变异常信息进行提取分析。成像光谱方法利用最小噪音分量（MNF）变换、像元纯度指数（PPI），n维可视化（n-Dimensional Visualization）端元识别，并进行混合谐调匹配滤波（MTMF），最终得到矿区的矿物信息分布图。而主成分分析法则选择ASTER1、2、3、4波段提取铁染异常信息，1、3、4、5波段提取矽卡岩化蚀变异常信息，1、3、4、（5+6）/2波段提取蒙脱石、伊利石与绢云母等矿物的蚀变异常信息，1、3、4、8波段提取方解石、黑云母、绿泥石等矿物的蚀变异常信息。利用野外实地踏勘确定的矿床、矿（化）点，在ArcGIS10.1软件中对遥感提取蚀变异常信息进行验证显示，二者吻合效果良好，表明提取结果与数据处理方法较可靠，对于扩大找矿规模和发现矿化富集地段具有重要的指导意义。   相似文献   

An effective concept extraction method for improving text classification performance     

ZHANGYuntao GONGLing WANGYongcheng YINZhonghang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(4):66-72

  相似文献   

Automatic Location of Swarm Earthquakes from Local Network Data     

Fischer  Tomáš 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(1):83-98

An advanced method of automated seismic phase picking and exact location and magnitude determination of swarm micro-earthquakes from local network data is presented. The phase picker is applied in two steps: first, S-wave groups are identified using a polarisation detector, and then corresponding P-wave groups are searched for. The times of maximum P- and S-amplitudes are then used as starting points for the determination of accurate P- and S-arrival times. The maximum S-wave amplitudes are utilised for determining local magnitudes. The whole procedure is checked by simultaneous preliminary hypocentre location providing estimates of local magnitudes and a compatibility check of the candidate P- and S-phases. The closest station to the earthquake cluster is used as a master, and the phase search at the remaining stations is governed by the P- and S-phases identified at the master station. Thanks to the use of apriori information on the approximate position of hypocentres, the procedure is also capable of picking the individual P- and S-phases of sequences of overlapping swarm events. The performance of the procedure was tested by comparison of the automatically and interactively created catalogues of the January 1997 NW-Bohemia micro-earthquake swarm. With stations located at epicentral distances between 0 and 20 km, the difference between hypocentre coordinates obtained by automatic and interactive processing did not exceed 80 m for 86% events. All events above magnitude 0.5 were identified, and the automatically determined polarity of first P-wave motion proved to be correct in 89% of them.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and bonding forms of heavy metals in sediments along the middle course of the River Elbe (km 287ċ390)     

Andrea van der Veen  Corinna Ahlers  Dieter W. Zachmann  Kurt Friese 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(3):214-222

Sediments of eight groyne fields along the middle course of the River Elbe (river km 287?390) were geochemically studied. The 78 sediment samples were analysed for pH and grain size distribution. The grain size fraction < 2 μm was used for mineralogical and chemical analysis: semiquantitative clay mineral analysis; total element content (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), total inorganic and organic C, and bonding form fractionation with a six‐step sequential chemical extraction. The latter was performed on selected samples (n = 32). The sediments along the Elbe's course are still contaminated with heavy metals far above the local geogenic background level. An enrichment factor of more than 15 was calculated for zinc. Cr and Ni are the elements with the lowest enrichment. The bonding form analysis of selected heavy metals shows a dominance of relatively immobile bonding forms, e. g. the moderately reducible and the residual fraction, which implies a relative low mobility potential. Only Zn poses a higher potential threat to the environment, since it has a higher percentage of the first three extracted phases: adsorbed, carbonate, and easily reducible fraction.  相似文献   

C18固相膜萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种有机氯农药   总被引：13，自引：10，他引：13  

汪雨支辛辛  张玲金杨永亮 《岩矿测试》2006,25(4):301-305

利用C18固相萃取膜提取水样，气相色谱法（电子捕获检测器）测定饮用水中12种有机氯农药。对洗脱液、水样pH值、萃取压力等条件进行了优化选择，并与液-液萃取做了比较。结果表明，与液-液萃取相比，固相膜萃取具有操作简单、富集倍数高、节省溶剂和耗时短等优点，是萃取水中有机氯农药的有效方法。12种有机氯农药的回收率为85．97％～127．7％，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=5）为4．74％～12．2％，方法检出限为0．014～0．047μg/L。  相似文献