科学超深井硬岩取心关键技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王稳石  张恒春  闫家 《探矿工程》2014,41(1):9-12

科学超深井是人类观测深部地球的“望远镜”。获取典型区块的原状岩心,建立高分辨率的地层剖面及其物、化性剖面,是科学钻探的最主要的目的之一。在深部钻探中,钻头驱动方式和岩心提取方法,是影响工程能源消耗、施工周期和工程经费的关键因素,从多方面阐述了科学超深井取心钻进多项关键技术和难点,并提出了针对性的解决方案和研究方向。  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of the hydraulic properties of a crusted soil on overland flow modelling at the field scale     

Nane Chahinian  Marc Voltz  Roger Moussa  Gwenn Trotoux 《水文研究》2006,20(8):1701-1722

Soil surface crusts are widely reported to favour Hortonian runoff, but are not explicitly represented in most rainfall‐runoff models. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of soil surface crusts on infiltration and runoff modelling at two spatial scales, i.e. the local scale and the plot scale. At the local scale, two separate single ring infiltration experiments are undertaken. The first is performed on the undisturbed soil, whereas the second is done after removal of the soil surface crust. The HYDRUS 2D two‐dimensional vertical infiltration model is then used in an inverse modelling approach, first to estimate the soil hydraulic properties of the crust and the subsoil, and then the effective hydraulic properties of the soil represented as a single uniform layer. The results show that the crust hydraulic conductivity is 10 times lower than that of the subsoil, thus illustrating the limiting role the crust has on infiltration. Moving up to the plot scale, a rainfall‐runoff model coupling the Richards equation to a transfer function is used to simulate Hortonian overland flow hydrographs. The previously calculated hydraulic properties are used, and a comparison is undertaken between a single‐layer and a double‐layer representation of the crusted soil. The results of the rainfall‐runoff model show that the soil hydraulic properties calculated at the local scale give acceptable results when used to model runoff at the plot scale directly, without any numerical calibration. Also, at the plot scale, no clear improvement of the results can be seen when using a double‐layer representation of the soil in comparison with a single homogeneous layer. This is due to the hydrological characteristics of Hortonian runoff, which is triggered by a rainfall intensity exceeding the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil surface. Consequently, the rainfall‐runoff model is more sensitive to rainfall than to the subsoil's hydrodynamic properties. Therefore, the use of a double‐layer soil model to represent runoff on a crusted soil does not seem necessary, as the increase of precision in the soil discretization is not justified by a better performance of the model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海底硬岩钻探的现状与前景分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘协鲁  陈云龙  阮海龙  蔡家品  赵义  刘智键  梁涛  邓都都  刘广治 《探矿工程》2022,49(1):72-78

海底硬岩是世界大洋钻探实现“莫霍钻”目标必然钻遇的地层。世界大洋钻探实施的航次中已多次钻遇海底硬岩,不仅采获了岩心样品,也在钻进施工中发现了诸多问题。本文搜集了近年来世界大洋钻探实施的309、312、335、360和384等有关海底硬岩钻探航次的资料,在对航次情况简要介绍的基础上,重点阐述了目前海底硬岩钻探在钻头、井壁稳定以及取心工具等方面遇到的挑战以及采取的应对措施,并对今后海底硬岩钻探的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

液动潜孔锤用于干热岩钻进的优化与试验          下载免费PDF全文

王跃伟  李宽  张恒春  齐力强  杨泽英  薛倩冰  贾明浩 《探矿工程》2022,49(6):36-41

我国目前能源结构对化石燃料依赖度过高,在全球能源转型的大环境下,作为一种新型清洁能源,干热岩具有储量巨大、资源丰富、分布广泛等优势。针对干热岩勘探开发中高温硬岩钻进的技术难点,对YZX178型液动潜孔锤进行了结构优化,并在某干热岩井中进行了试验应用。试验结果证实了YZX178型液动潜孔锤用于干热岩等坚硬地层进行冲击回转钻进的可行性和高效性,获得了与螺杆钻具接近的机械钻速,且具有节能环保、安全性高、维护方便、节约成本、高温适应性强等优势,但仍需进一步解决其工作寿命与牙轮钻头相匹配的问题。  相似文献   

煤田地质超深孔钻探工艺     

孙贵生  张纯峰 《中国煤炭地质》2015,(1):57-61

在对深部煤田地质钻孔钻进工艺研究的基础上,有针对性选择使用聚合物泥浆,解决了基浆配制用水及泥浆抗地表水水质污染问题。通过改变双管钻具长度和改换取心钻头的切削具,满足软硬互层对钻头钻进效率的影响。在煤系地层钻进中,除采用常规的单管钻具钻进外,在见煤预告下过后,采用加长双管取心钻具,既可保证了回次进尺,又可保证岩心的采取。多项措施落实,不仅解决了生产中的一些难题,收到了较好的效果,而且创造了河北省煤田地质局煤田地质单孔钻探深度2 009.12m的新纪录,为今后深部钻孔的施工积累了经验。  相似文献   

加速迭代硬阈值ISAR稀疏成像     

雷大力  洪峻  王宇  费春娇 《遥感学报》2015,19(5):770-779

加速迭代硬阈值(AIHT)作为一种压缩感知(CS)算法,具有计算复杂度低、内存占用小的特点,在较小数目的观测下,经过有限次迭代便能获得较好的重建效果。因此,本文将该算法应用到逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)稀疏成像,对该方法的具体特征和适用性进行了详细分析。仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比和回波脉冲数条件下,基于AIHT的ISAR成像方法,相比于稀疏贝叶斯算法(SBL),在重建时间上缩短了至少2个量级;相比于迭代加权最小二乘法(IRLS)和平滑l0范数算法,在重建质量上提高了约3倍。经实测数据处理结果验证,在1/4原始脉冲数条件下,该方法仍具有良好的聚焦性能和压低旁瓣效果。  相似文献   

InFOCμS Hard X-ray Imaging Telescope     

J. Tueller  H. A. Krimm  T. Okajima  S. D. Barthelmy  S. M. Owens  P. J. Serlemitsos  Y. Soong  K.-W. Chan  Y. Ogasaka  R. Shibata  K. Tamura  A. Furuzawa  Y. Tawara  H. Kunieda  K. Yamashita 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):121-129

InFOCμS is a new generation balloon-borne hard X-ray telescope with focusing optics and spectroscopy. We had a successful 22.5-hour flight from Fort Sumner, NM on September 16,17, 2004. In this paper, we present the performance of the hard X-ray telescope, which consists of a depth-graded platinum/carbon multilayer mirror and a CdZnTe detector. The telescope has an effective area of 49 cm² at 30 keV, an angular resolution of 2.4 arcmin (HPD), and a field of view of 11 arcmin (FWHM) depending on energies. The CdZnTe detector is configured with a 12 × 12 segmented array of detector pixels. The pixels are 2 mm square, and are placed on 2.1 mm centers. An averaged energy resolution is 4.4 keV at 60 keV and its standard deviation is 0.36 keV over 128 pixels. The detector is surrounded by a 3-cm thick CsI anti coincidence shield to reduce background from particles and photons not incident along the mirror focal direction. The inflight background is 2.9 × 10⁻⁴ cts cm⁻² sec⁻¹ keV⁻¹ in the 20–50 keV band.  相似文献   

A novel wide-field hard x-ray telescope     

W. C. Priedhorsky  F. E. Christensen 《Experimental Astronomy》1995,6(1-2):129-142

We discuss a hard x-ray telescope for the range 25–70 keV based on a one-dimensional lobster-eye telescope and x-ray supermirror coatings. This approach enables wide field-of-view imaging. A telescope suitable for a large balloon payload, with a 50×100 cm frontal area, could have an effective area of 50–100 cm² and a 10⁰×10⁰ field of view, and thereby detect AGN that are 0.5 milliCrab in the soft x-rays in a 10⁴ second exposure. 29% of the sky could be surveyed to this limit in a 2-week balloon flight, reaching 6 times fainter than the HEAO A-4 all-sky survey.  相似文献   

近40年内蒙古候降水变化趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

裴浩  郝璐  韩经纬 《应用气象学报》2012,23(5):543-550

基于1964—2003年内蒙古44个站日降水量数据,进行了前20年 (1964—1983年)、后20年 (1984—2003年) 候降水变化的聚类分析,得到了最佳聚类数和各聚类的台站组成及其空间分布情况,对前20年和后20年候降水中值的变化情况、候最大降水量出现时间、各聚类的整体特征等进行了分析,并进行了候 (5 d) 和11 d降水中值极图的对比。结果表明:内蒙古不同地区的候降水变化格局存在经向地带性,但站点海拔的差异使这种地带性有所模糊;前、后两个20年候降水的变化格局较为复杂,大多数站点在一些候降水有显著变化,既有降水显著增加的候,也有降水显著减少的候;候最大降水出现的时间和量值有一定变化。  相似文献   

集合预报产品在台风麦莎预报中的应用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘家峻  张立凤  关吉平  李荔珊  费增坪 《气象》2010,36(5):21-31

为了提高集合预报效果,利用T106L19全球谱模式和增长模繁殖法对台风麦莎制作了13个成员的集合预报,并对其结果进行集合预报产品解释应用研究。首先在离散距离分簇法中,引入方差分析的方法确定分簇基础,然后对集合预报的形势场进行了分簇,相对于以往采用96小时样本为分簇基础进行分簇的方法,分簇效果提高明显,分簇结果能给出台风移动的几种可能路径及其概率;其次对要素随时间的演变利用系统聚类法进行了分类,根据分簇平均图可以确定几个可能的台风登陆地点,制作了这些特殊点要素分类烟羽图,通过分析要素随时间的演变特征,提高对台风登陆地点和时间的预报精度;最后制作了盒须图,通过盒须图中数据组主体以外的数据点,确认出值得注意的一些特殊集合成员的预报结果,减少了小概率事件的漏报率。研究结果表明,将方差分析引入离散距离分簇法,要素烟羽聚类法以及盒须图的应用有利于提高和改善集合预报效果,集合预报产品解释应用效果得到改进。  相似文献