Mechanisms controlling the temporal variation of the sea ice edge in the Southern Ocean     

Noriaki Kimura 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):685-694

This paper examines the mechanism controlling the short time-scale variation of sea ice cover over the Southern Ocean. Sea ice concentration and ice velocity datasets derived from images of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are employed to reveal this mechanism. The contribution of both dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the change in ice edge location is examined by comparing the meridional velocity of ice edge displacement and sea ice drift. In the winter expansion phase, the thermodynamic process of new ice production off the ice edge plays an important role in daily advances of ice cover, whereas daily retreats are mostly due to southward ice drift. On the other hand, both advance and retreat of ice edges in the spring contraction phase are mostly caused by the dynamic process of the ice drift. Based on the above mechanism and the linear relation between the degree of ice production at the ice edge and northward wind speed, the seasonal advance of ice cover can be roughly reproduced using the meridional velocity of ice drift at the ice edge.  相似文献   

Estimating the underwater light field from remote sensing of ocean color     

Cheng-Chien Liu  Richard L. Miller  Kendall L. Carder  Zhongping Lee  Eurico J. D’Sa  James E. Ivey 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(3):235-248

We present a new approach that incorporates two models to estimate the underwater light field from remote sensing of ocean color. The first employs a series of analytical, semi-analytical, and empirical algorithms to retrieve the spectrum of inherent optical properties (IOPs), including the absorption and the backscatter coefficients, from the spectrum of remote sensing reflectance. The second model computes the profile of photosynthetically available radiation E _0,PAR (z) for a vertically homogeneous water column using the information of the retrieved IOPs and the ambient optical environment. This computation is based on an improved look-up table technology that possesses high accuracy, comparable with the full solution of the radiative transfer equation, and meets the computational requirement of remote sensing application. This new approach was validated by in situ measurements and an extensive model-to-model comparison with a wide range of IOPs. We successfully mapped the compensation depth by applying this new approach to process the SeaWiFS imagery. This research suggests that E _0,PAR (z) can be obtained routinely from ocean-color data and may have significant implications for the estimation of global heat and carbon budget.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton variability on the Faroe Shelf   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Gaard  Eilif; Hansen  Bogi; Heinesen  Signar P. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(4):688-696

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Second order wave diffraction forces and runup by finite—infinite element method     

B.Y. Li  S.L. Lau  C.O. Ng 《Applied Ocean Research》1991,13(6):270-286

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On the radiation and diffraction of linear water waves by an infinitely long rectangular structure submerged in oblique seas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y.H. Zheng  P.F. Liu  Y.M. Shen  B.J. Wu  S.W. Sheng 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(3-4):436-450

The radiation and diffraction of linear water waves by an infinitely long rectangular structure submerged in oblique seas of finite depth is investigated. The analytical expressions for the radiated and diffracted potentials are derived as infinite series by use of the method of separation of variables. The unknown coefficients in the series are determined by the eigenfunction expansion matching method. The expressions for wave forces, hydrodynamic coefficients and reflection and transmission coefficients are given and verified by the boundary element method. Using the present analytical solution, the hydrodynamic influences of the angle of incidence, the submergence, the width and the thickness of the structure on the wave forces, hydrodynamic coefficients, and reflection and transmission coefficients are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

Cross-Calibration and Long-Term Monitoring of the Microwave Radiometers of ERS, TOPEX, GFO, Jason, and Envisat     

R. Scharroo  J. L. Lillibridge  W. H. F. Smith  E. J. O. Schrama 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(1):279-297

The radiometers on board the satellites ERS-1, TOPEX/Poseidon, ERS-2, GFO, Jason-1, and Envisat measure brightness temperatures at two or three different frequencies to determine the total columnal water vapor content and wet tropospheric path delay, a major correction to the altimeter range measurements. In order to asses the long-term stability of the path delay, the radiometers are calibrated against vicarious cold and hot references, against each other, and against several atmospheric models. Four of these radiometers exhibit significant drifts in at least one of the channels, resulting in yet unmodeled errors in path delay of up to 1 mm/year, thus limiting the accuracy at which global sea level rise can be inferred from the altimeter range measurements.  相似文献   

超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李文权  张元标  陈清花  王清池 《海洋科学》2001,25(10):39-42

设计了一个超声频率，超声功率和辐射时间3因素4水平的正交实验，研究超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应。实验结果表明，超声频率对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应显著，而超声功率的辐射时间的影响相对较小，在正交实验所确定的最佳超声辐射条件下，牟氏角毛藻生长速率常数最高可达0．348d^-1，是对照组的1．78倍，并脂肪酸不饱和度最高可达68．4％，比对照组提高5．2％，主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量均可得到不同程度的提高。  相似文献   

龙须菜琼胶的提取方法研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

薛志欣  杨桂朋  王广策 《海洋科学》2006,30(8):71-77

采用多种方法提取了龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)中的琼胶,并研究了碱处理、微波处理、超声波处理等方法对龙须菜的琼胶提取率、硫酸基质量分数和多糖质量分数的影响。结果表明:当碱质量分数由2.5%增加到10%时,琼胶产率由15%降低到9.8%,硫酸基质量分数由2.66%降低到2.06%,同时,多糖质量分数由98.3%增加到102.6%;微波和超声波处理在不同程度上增加了琼胶的提取率和多糖质量分数,同时降低了硫酸基质量分数。另外,还从宏观和微观两个角度考察了龙须菜碱处理前后藻体的变化。  相似文献   

UV-B辐射增强对泥鳅红细胞遗传毒理学指标的影响研究     

李美芹  肖慧  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(3):453-456,448

利用红细胞微核和核异常的遗传毒理学方法,研究UV-B辐射增强对泥鳅红细胞核的细胞遗传毒性效应,评价2种毒理学指标在UV-B辐射监测应用中的可行性。结果显示,随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大,泥鳅红细胞的微核细胞率持续上升,表现出明显的剂量-效应关系,微核细胞率与辐射剂量显著正相关。而泥鳅红细胞核异常率随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大无规律性的变化,没有表现出剂量-效应关系,核异常率与辐射剂量无相关性。脱离UV-B辐射处理6 d后泥鳅红细胞的微核细胞率不能够恢复正常的对照水平,而核异常细胞率随着时间的延长,逐渐得以恢复。结果指示泥鳅红细胞微核率是用于UV-B辐射监测的灵敏和可行的细胞遗传毒理学指标,而核异常率不能用于UV-B辐射的监测。  相似文献   

Validation and Improvement of Satellite-Derived Surface Solar Radiation over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean     

Kawai  Yoshimi  Kawamura  Hiroshi 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(1):79-89

The purpose of this study is to validate and improve satellite-derived downward surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) over the northwestern Pacific Ocean using abundant in situ data. The DSSR derivation model used here assumes that the reduction of solar radiation by clouds is proportional to the product of satellite-measured albedo and a cloud attenuation coefficient. DSSR is calculated from Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5/Visible Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer data in 0.05° × 0.05° grids. The authors first compare the satellite DSSR derived with a cloud attenuation coefficient table determined in past research with in situ values. Although the hourly satellite DSSR agrees well with land in situ values in Japan, it has a bias of +13∼+34 W/m² over the ocean and the bias is especially large in the low latitudes. The authors then improve the coefficient table using the ocean in situ data. Usage of the new table successfully reduces the bias of the satellite DSSR over the ocean. The cloud attenuation coefficient for low-albedo cases over the ocean needs to be larger in the low latitudes than past research has indicated. Daily and hourly DSSR can be evaluated from the satellite data with RMS errors of 11–14% and 30–33%, respectively, over a wide region of the ocean by this model. It is also shown that the cloud attenuation coefficient over land needs to be smaller than over the ocean because the effect of the radiation reflected by the land surface cannot be ignored.  相似文献