WebGIS的测绘信息管理系统设计与实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁进军  郭贵海  侯英敏  刘鹏  唐雪海  冯仲科  何诚 《测绘科学》2010,35(6):200-202

本文对测绘信息管理系统实现的关键技术进行了全面的分析,紧密结合当前的测绘信息化现状,设计了系统的逻辑架构、软件架构、网络架构、数据组织、平台结构和软硬件环境,并对系统的安全性控制进行了论述,实现了一个具有合理负载,维护方便的测绘信息管理系统解决方案;在需求分析的基础上,整合现有的测绘资源并进行了系统的设计与开发;本系统在北京市测绘院的投入运行,实现了跨部门的测绘信息共享,用户能够通过Internet和Intranet随时获取权限规定范围内的测绘信息,为信息化测绘的实现迈出了重要的一步。  相似文献   

Runoff quality prediction from small urban catchments using SWMM     

Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis  Rizwan Hamid 《水文研究》1998,12(2):311-329

The RUNOFF block of EPA's storm water management model (SWMM) was used to simulate the quantity and quality of urban storm water runoff from four relatively small sites (i.e. 5·97–23·56 ha) in South Florida, each with a specific predominant land use (i.e. low density residential, high density residential, highway and commercial). The objectives of the study were to test the applicability of this model in small subtropical urban catchments and provide modellers with a way to select appropriate input parameters to be used in planning studies. A total of 58 storm events, measured by the US Geological Survey (USGS), provided hyetographs, hydrographs and pollutant loadings for biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and lead (Pb), and were used for calibration of the model. Several other catchment characteristics, also measured or estimated by USGS, were used in model input preparation. Application of the model was done using the Green–Ampt equation for infiltration loss computation, a pollutant accumulation equation using a power build-up equation dependent on the number of dry days, and a power wash-off equation dependent on the predicted runoff rate. Calibrated quantity input parameters are presented and compared with suggested values in the literature. The impervious depression storage was generally found to be the most sensitive calibration parameter, followed by the Manning's roughness coefficients of conduit and overland flow, the Green–Ampt infiltration parameters and, finally, the pervious depression storage. Calibrated quality input parameters are presented in the form of regression equations, as a function of rainfall depth and the number of antecedent dry days. A total of 16 independent rainfall events were used for verification of the model, which showed a good comparison with observed data for both hydrographs and pollutant loadings. Average model predictions for the four constituent concentrations from the verification runs also showed good agreement with NURP published values in Florida and US sites. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

城市地质学基础理论探讨          下载免费PDF全文

林良俊  马震  郭旭  Zhenya Zhang  李亚民 《中国地质》2020,47(6):1668-1676

城市地质有近百年的研究历史,学科研究取得了很大的进展,但是总体上看,学科性质存在较多的争论,城市地质学基础理论难于满足现代城市管理的需求,无法为城市高质量发展提供系统完整的地学解决方案。本文系统梳理了国内外城市地质的发展历程和研究进展,进一步明确了城市地质学的学科性质,运用系统理论提出城市地质系统的概念,并基于这一概念,清晰地界定了城市地质学的研究对象,阐述了现代城市地质学的研究内容和技术框架,为今后形成完善的城市地质学理论体系提供研究基础。  相似文献   

基于OFA-PP模型的区域最严格水资源管理类型识别与评价     

胡林凯  崔东文 《水文》2018,38(6):65-71

为科学识别云南省16个州市最严格水资源管理区域类型,提出最优觅食算法(OFA)-投影寻踪(PP)识别模型。从最严格水资源管理用水总量控制红线、用水效率控制红线、纳污控制红线3个方面分别构建指标体系和分级标准,利用2015年云南省各州市指标数据及分级标准阈值分别构建基于"三条红线"的投影指标函数,采用OFA分别搜索最优投影向量,并计算各州市综合投影值和各分级标准阈值投影值,利用分级标准阈值投影值对各区域最严格水资源管理类型进行识别。结果表明,OFA-PP识别模型具有较好的识别效果,识别结果可为云南省实行最严格水资源管理制度提供参考。  相似文献   

State of seawater intrusion and its adaptive management countermeasures in Longkou City of China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHONG Hua-ping  WU Yong-xiang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):30-42

Longkou City is a coastal area,and lacks water resources.The overexploitation of groundwater causes seawater intrusion.At present,seawater intrudes an area of 68 km2.With the decrease of groundwater extraction,the seawater intrusion area has generally declined.The paper expounds the development process of seawater intrusion as well as the corresponding prevention and control measures of using groundwater replenishment and groundwater throttling in Longkou City.In view of the seawater intrusion problem in Longkou City,some adaptive management countermeasures are put forward,which include:Adjusting industrial and agricultural structure,promoting economic and social development to match water resources;improving water usage structure,optimizing the utilization of water resources;advancing the construction of a water-saving society,using water resources efficiently;implementing inter-basin water transfer,using water resources rationally;developing and utilizing unconventional water sources,making full use of water resources;strengthening water infrastructure construction,increasing the development and utilization potential of water resources;carrying out ecological restoration,protecting water resources and ecological environment;improving the management informationalization level,strengthening the capabilities of groundwater monitoring and management;increasing publicity,improving public awareness of participation.  相似文献   

Changes in Agricultural Biodiversity： Implications for Sustainable Livelihood in the Himalaya   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

K.G.Saxena R.K.Maikhuri K.S.Rao 《山地科学学报》2005,2(1):23-31

Himalayan mountain system is distinguished globally for a rich biodiversity and for its role in regulating the climate of the South Asia.Traditional crop-livestock mixed farming in the Himalaya is highly dependent on forests for fodder and manure prepared from forest leaf litter and livestock excreta. Apart from sustaining farm production, forests provide a variety of other tangible and intangible benefits, which are critical for sustainable livelihood of not only 115 million mountain people, but also many more people living in the adjoining plains. Extension of agricultural landuse coupled with replacement of traditional staple food crops by cash crops and of multipurpose agroforestry trees by fruit trees are widespread changes. Cultivation of Fagopyrum esculentum,Fagopyrum tataricum, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Pisum arvense has been almost abandoned. Increasing stress on cash crops is driven by a socio-cultural change from subsistence to market economy facilitated by improvement in accessibility and supply of staple food grains at subsidized price by the government. Farmers have gained substantial economic benefits from cash crops. However, loss of agrobiodiversity implies more risks to local livelihood in the events of downfall in market price/demand of cash crops, termination of supply of staple food grains at subsidized price, pest outbreaks in a cash crop dominated homogeneous landscape and abnormal climate years. Indigenous innovations enabling improvement in farm economy by conserving and/enhancing agrobiodiversity do exist, but are highly localized. The changes in agrobiodiversity are such that soil loss and run-off from the croplands have dramatically increased together with increase in local pressure on forests. As farm productivity is maintained with forest-based inputs, continued depletion of forest resources will result in poor economic returns from agriculture to local people,apart from loss of global benefits from Himalayan forests. Interventions including improvement in traditional manure and management of on-farm trees,participatory development of agroforestry in degraded forest lands and policies favoring economic benefits to local people from non-timber forest products could reduce the risks of decline in agricultural biodiversity and associated threats to livelihoods and Himalayan ecosystems.  相似文献   

县级矿产资源规划管理信息系统的数据准备及数据库设计     

王学杰  高德政  杨德生 《上海国土资源》2005,(3):41-43,15

数据库是建立GIS的基础。以四川省绵阳市安县矿产规划管理信息系统的建立为例,本文列举了所引用的数据标准,论述了数据的来源、扫描数字化处理,提出了建立基于GIS数据库的数据结构模型和建库流程,概述了利用地理信息平台工具Mapinfo建立矿产规划管理数据库的内容和方法。  相似文献   

城市地下管线信息管理系统的设计   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔡宽余  杨晓慧 《上海国土资源》2005,(2):37-40,45

数字管网和数字城市是信息时代的重要标志,该文探讨了城市地下管线信息管理系统的设计与建设,从而为数字管网的建设与完善提供借鉴。  相似文献   

国家地震烈度速报与预警工程定制软件总体设计     

李雨泽  杨陈 《中国地震》2024,40(1):85-96

国家地震烈度速报与预警工程现已建设世界上规模最大的、总数超过15000个台站的地震烈度速报与预警观测站网。定制软件是预警工程的核心内容之一,将实现我国地震观测领域数据处理系统的全面升级。本文结合定制软件项目建设目标、业务功能需求等情况,从设计思路、总体架构、分系统功能、部署方式、性能指标和关键技术指标等方面对定制软件总体设计进行介绍。定制软件的总体设计契合预警业务功能需求,使得预警工程具备高稳定性、低延时、高可靠度、高处理性能的数据处理、紧急地震信息服务、数据综合服务和技术支持与保障能力,使地震预警和烈度速报两大功能得到落实,使工程项目的防震减灾效能得到切实体现。  相似文献   

基于大数据架构的地球物理观测数据管理系统     

王军  余丹  黄经国  纪寿文  刘洋洋  邹锐 《中国地震》2024,40(1):144-159

中国地震地球物理观测网络的核心业务软件“十五”地震前兆数据管理系统已运行十多年,随着观测数据量的增长,数据库的读取和统计查询的性能逐渐降低。此外,管理系统存在SQL注入和跨站脚本攻击等漏洞的安全问题,系统架构难以满足业务发展的需求。中国地震台网中心基于分布式组件的大数据架构,使用消息中间件和时序数据库等技术对管理系统进行重构,将原来存储于Oracle数据库中的地球物理观测数据、基础信息、产品数据等按照各自特点在时序数据库中建表,并将历史数据和增量数据都迁移到新的时序数据库,显著提升了系统读写和统计性能、数据的安全性和可用性(多副本技术)。分布式和容器化等技术的引入,增强了系统的高可用性,并可通过横向扩展进一步增加系统的处理能力。  相似文献