基于ISCAN和CYCLONE的三维街景数据处理方法     

邢建华  李朝奎  方文  李慧婷 《地理信息世界》2016,(1):124-128

如何快速有效地获取高精度、高分辨率的地理空间信息数据已经成为城市智慧化发展的重要问题,本文分析了三维街景地图的发展现状与目前多数街景数据采集手段存在的问题,介绍了利用中海达一体化移动三维激光测量系统采集点云数据的过程,以及结合徕卡CYCLONE软件进行建模的方法,对原始测量的点云数据进行去噪、平滑、拼接配准等处理后得到目标建筑物精准的表面信息,进而构建三维表面模型,将校正过的照片进行纹理映射得到真实的三维模型。实验证明:此方法可快速地获取较为精准的点云数据并且实现对建筑物的快速建模。  相似文献   

基于均值变点分析法的资源三号测绘卫星DSM水系自动提取研究——以云南省高海拔山区为例     

肖雨薇  葛莹  刘梦迪  雷兵  谭海 《地理信息世界》2016,(5)

水系自动提取是保证基础地理数据现势性的关键,而获得最佳集水面积阈值是提高水系提取精度的前提条件。集水面积阈值一般依靠定性分析的方法获取,采用均值变点分析法定量确定水系的集水面积阈值,可以满足基础地理数据精确性的要求。以云南省龙川江流域为研究区域,基于资源三号测绘卫星ZY-3 DSM和SRTM DEM两种数据,利用GIS工具分别提取该流域水系,再由均值变点分析法确定最佳集水面积阈值,并比较分析这两种水系的提取精度。研究结果表明:1随着集水面积阈值的增加,提取的水系密度减小且趋缓。ZY-3 DSM和SRTM DEM的最佳集水面积阈值分别是6.0 km~2和2.75 km~2;2在最佳集水面积阈值下,ZY-3 DSM提取的河流数比SRTM DEM多20.6倍,河流等级多2级,各级支流数为SRTM DEM的4.7~9.5倍不等,水系密度达到SRTM DEM的4.5倍;3与1:250 000水系数据相比,ZY-3 DSM和SRTM提取的河流点位平均相差395.23 m,RMSE为391.83 m。由此可见,利用均值变点分析法基于ZY-3 DSM提取的水系精度更高,完全满足测绘地理数据更新的现势性、准确性要求。  相似文献   

Assessment of soil metal distribution and environmental impact of mining in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Metal and metalloid (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn) distribution in soils from the Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo) is investigated in order to characterize the environmental impacts of mining and smelting activities in that area. The concentrations of Cu, Co, As, Zn, Pb and Cd in soils from mining sites are higher than in non-metalliferous sites and above permissible metal and metalloid concentrations in soils. Moreover, the fractionation and mobility of Co, and Cu in such environment is assessed using the application of both ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction and speciation modeling (WHAM 6). The resulting data set covers wide range of environmental conditions (pH, trace metals concentration, natural soils and soils affected by mining and ore processing). These extractions show that only a small fraction of Cu and Co is mobile, with variation depending on sites: mobility is higher in soils affected by mining and ore processing. The strong affinity of Mn-oxides for Co may explain lower Co mobility in Mn-rich soils. The high Mn and Fe contents of Cu–Co soils from Katanga may actually exert a protective effect against the toxic effects of Co. Finally, Cu–Co speciation modeling of contaminated sites emphasizes that organic matter strongly sorb Cu whereas Co speciation is mostly by Mn content. This type of study leads to a better understanding of metal fractionation and can guide to define different practices of phytoremediation.  相似文献   

微波消解-双浊点萃取ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中的痕量铂钯钌铑   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

沈宇  张尼  高小红  李展  李日升  郑建斌 《岩矿测试》2016,35(3):259-264

传统浊点萃取技术是将待测元素富集在黏稠的表面活性剂相中,溶液的黏度会对等离子体检测信号产生影响,通常使用甲醇作为稀释剂降低有机相黏度,有机成分也对等离子体的稳定性产生影响,同时有机物在进样管路上的吸附还会提高待测元素的记忆效应,因而限制了ICP-MS在浊点萃取中的应用。本文建立了双浊点萃取技术ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中铂钯钌铑的分析方法。样品用微波消解处理后,以DDTP为螯合剂,Triton X-114为表面活性剂,对消解溶液第一次浊点萃取,再在有机相中加入硝酸,通过加热完成第二次浊点萃取,使铂钯钌铑由有机相进入水相,铂钯钌铑的富集因子分别为45、33、18和35,高于单次浊点萃取的富集因子,ICP-MS检出限分别为0.05、0.02、0.10和0.03 μg/L。本方法通过两次浊点萃取过程实现了基体复杂的地球化学样品中痕量铂族元素的同时富集,提高了ICP-MS的稳定性。  相似文献   

高温高压下元素配分的原位实验与计算模拟研究进展     

黄圣轩  巫翔  秦善 《岩矿测试》2016,35(2):117-126

地球内部元素的配分行为具有重要意义,有助于揭示地球内部物质循环、元素成矿、超临界流体性质等基础地质问题。同步辐射微聚焦X射线荧光光谱(SR-μXRF)结合金刚石压腔(DAC)技术,可以在高温高压条件下实现高准确度和高分辨率的原位(in situ)测试元素在不同物相间的浓度,并获取配分系数。而基于地球化学热力学的理论计算模拟,可以获得元素在不同物相间的赋存形式,有助于揭示元素配分机制。本文综述了SR-μXRF结合DAC技术和地球化学热力学计算模拟原位测定高温高压下元素配分的研究方法,及其在地球内部元素迁移、成矿作用和地球早期形成过程等领域中的应用进展,认为利用该套方法研究高温高压下元素配分行为的体系将变得更加复杂,对温度、压力条件则要求更高。本文旨在更新和丰富高温高压下元素配分系数数据,深化对地球内部物质循环等问题的认知。  相似文献   

New Thorium Isotope Ratio Measurements in Silicate Reference Materials: A‐THO,AGV‐2, BCR‐2, BE‐N,BHVO‐2 and BIR‐1          下载免费PDF全文

Marion Carpentier  Abdelmouhcine Gannoun  Christian Pin  Olgeir Sigmarsson 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(2):239-256

A two‐step Th isolation protocol, involving micro‐columns of TRU‐Spec extraction chromatography material and AG1 resin, was evaluated. The MC‐ICP‐MS procedure included ²³²Th tailing characterisation and correction, and calibrator bracketing using an in‐house standard solution (ThS1) to correct for instrumental mass bias and Faraday cup to secondary electron multiplier relative gain. Repeated analyses of reference solutions (UCSC Th ‘A’, WUN, OU Th ‘U’, IRMM‐36) were consistent with published data. Six reference materials (A‐THO, BCR‐2, AGV‐2, BHVO‐2, BE‐N and BIR‐1) were processed. The average ²³⁰Th/²³²Th values obtained for these samples are in excellent agreement with published data. In addition, we report the first ²³⁰Th/²³²Th values for BE‐N and BIR‐1. The intermediate precisions for rock samples ranged from ± 0.24 to ± 0.49% (2 RSD) and were similar to those achieved for synthetic solutions, thereby supporting the overall validity of the chemical separation, data acquisition and reduction procedures. Counting statistics on the ²³⁰Th isotope was the most significant source of uncertainty. The intermediate precision of the mean ²³⁰Th/²³²Th for the Th‐depleted BIR‐1 (5.64 × 10^?6 ± 0.27%, 2 RSD) is in the range of the analyses of other reference materials analysed in this study.  相似文献   

Precise and Accurate Doping of Nanoporous Silica Gel for the Synthesis of Trace Element Microanalytical Reference Materials          下载免费PDF全文

William O. Nachlas 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(4):505-516

This study presents an experimental procedure to fabricate high‐purity silica glass containing a selected element at a specified mass fraction. The procedure was used to prepare glasses doped with trace‐level mass fractions of Ti with the goal of improving analytical confidence when measuring trace elements in quartz. Systematic tests were performed to determine the ideal conditions and procedures for doping nanoporous silica gel with the highest efficiency of dopant recovery. Silica gel was cleaned in concentrated HCl, immersed in a non‐polar doping medium at a controlled pH and doped with precise quantities of ICP‐MS standard solution. Using liquids composed of longer chain molecules as the doping medium diminishes recovery, suggesting that large molecules could obstruct nanopores to inhibit capillary uptake of the dopant. A control experiment using crystalline quartz reinforced the effectiveness of nanoporous silica gel for doping with trace‐level precision. Layered aggregates of silica gel doped with different Ti mass fractions were hot‐pressed to create multi‐layered reference materials that were analysed with multiple techniques at a variety of spatial scales. Analyses at the intra‐grain scale (cathodoluminescence scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis), at the single grain scale (SIMS), at the sample layer scale (EPMA, laser ablation‐ICP‐MS) and at the bulk scale (ICP‐OES) demonstrated acceptable homogeneity at sample volumes characteristic of most microanalysis techniques and show that nanoporous silica gel holds promise as a highly retentive doping substrate for preparing reference materials for laser‐, electron‐ and ion‐beam microanalysis.  相似文献   

Elimination of Interferences in the Determination of Palladium,Platinum and Rhodium Mass Fractions in Moss Samples using ICP‐MS/MS          下载免费PDF全文

Terhi Suoranta  Syed N. H. Bokhari  Thomas Meisel  Matti Niemelä  Paavo Perämäki 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(4):559-569

Moss samples (Pleurozium schreberi) exposed to traffic‐related emission of Pd, Pt and Rh were analysed in this study. Successful elimination of interferences was achieved in the determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in these samples using inductively coupled plasma‐tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Based on the results, a reliable determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in microwave‐digested moss samples was obtained using ammonia (10% NH₃ in He) in the collision/reaction cell when ¹⁰³Rh was measured either on‐mass (103→103) or with mass‐shift (103→171) and mass‐shifts for ¹⁰⁸Pd (108→159) and ¹⁹⁵Pt (195→229) were used. The ICP‐MS/MS procedure was validated using BCR‐723 (road dust) as a reference material. In addition, a good agreement between the ICP‐MS/MS results and the results obtained with cloud point extraction and quadrupole ICP‐MS was observed for the moss samples.  相似文献   

Characterizing the Seasonal and Directional Varying Properties in A Marine Environment     

张熠  程涛 《海洋工程》2016,(4):549-564

With noticing an increasing number of failure events for offshore structures in the present days, it is now realized that modeling the marine environment especially for exceptional environmental conditions is quite important. It is recognized that a possible improvement in the traditional modeling of environmental characteristics, which are the basis for the load models for structural analysis and design, may be needed. In this paper, the seasonal and directional varying properties in modeling the ocean parameter, the wave height, are studied. The peak over threshold (POT) method is selected to model the extreme wave height by utilizing a non-stationary discrete statistical extreme model. The varying parameters are taken into account with a changing pattern to reflect the seasonal and directional dependent behavior. Both the magnitude and the occurrence rate of the extreme values are investigated. Detailed discussion on the continuity of the established model is also given. The importance of the proposed model is demonstrated in reliability analysis for a jacket structure. The sensitivity to the changing marine environment in reliability analyses is investigated.  相似文献   

Hydrogen Incorporation in Crystalline Jadeite: Insight from First Principles Calculations     

ZHANG Xiaoling  FAN Xiaoyu  MENG Dawei  WU Xiuling  LIU Weiping 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(3):939-945

Hydrogen incorporation is critical for explaining defect energies, structure parameters and other physical characteristics of minerals and understanding mantle dynamics. This work analyzed the hydrogen complex defects in jadeite by the plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on density functional theory, and optimized the atomic positions and lattice constants in all configurations(different defective systems). Incorporation mechanisms considered for hydrogen(H) in jadeite include:(1) hydrogen incorporating with the O2 site oxygen and coexisting with M2 vacancy;(2) one H atom combined with an Al atom replacing Si in tetrahedron;(3) 4H atoms directly replacing Si in tetrahedron and(4) 3H atoms replacing Al on the M1 site. The four incorporation mechanisms mentioned above form the corresponding V_(Na)-H_i, Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i point defects. The molecular dynamics simulation to the ideal, V_(Na)-H_i, Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i point defects under the P-T conditions of 900 K, 2 GPa, the V_(Na)-H_i and Al_(Si)-H_i point defects under different pressures at T = 900 K, and Al_(Si)-H_i point defects under different temperatures at P = 3 GPa was performed to examine the preferential mode of hydrogen incorporation in jadeite by means of first-principles calculations. The calculations show that the averaged O–H bond-length in the hydrogen point defects system decreased in the order of Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Na)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i. V_(Na)-H_i complex defects result in a contraction of the jadeite volume and the presence of Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i defects could increase the supercell volume, which is the most obvious in the V_(Al)-3H_i defects. The energy of formation of Al_(Si)-H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i complex defects was much lower than that of other defect systems. The V_(Al)-3H_i defects system has the lowest energy and the shortest O–H bond-length, suggesting that this system is the most favorable. The analytical results of vacancy formation energy, O–H bondlength, and the stability of the hydrogen defects in jadeite have suggested that the preferred hydration incorporation mode in jadeite is V_(Al)-3H_i complex defect.  相似文献