Coherence algorithm with a high-resolution time–time transform and feature matrix for seismic data     

Fengyuan Sun  Jinghuai Gao  Bing Zhang  Naihao Liu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1113-1125

Traditional coherence algorithms are often based on the assumption that seismic traces are stationary and Gaussian. However, seismic traces are actually non-stationary and non-Gaussian. A constant time window and the canonical correlation analysis in traditional coherence algorithms are not optimal for non-stationary seismic traces and cannot describe the similarity between adjacent seismic traces in detail. To overcome this problem, a new coherence algorithm using the high-resolution time–time transform and the feature matrix is designed. The high-resolution time–time transform used to replace the constant time window can produce a frequency-dependent time local series to analyse non-stationary seismic traces. The feature matrix, constructed by the frequency-dependent time local series and the related local gradients, defines a new correlation metric that enhances more details of the geological discontinuities in seismic images than does the canonical correlation analysis. Additionally, the Riemannian metric is introduced for related calculations because the feature matrices are not defined in a Euclidean space but rather in a manifold space. Application to field data illustrates that the proposed method reveals more details of structural and stratigraphic features.  相似文献   

Application of a cascading filter implemented using morphological filtering and time–frequency peak filtering for seismic signal enhancement     

Yanping Liu  Zhengguo Yan 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(6):1727-1741

Inspired by the idea of the iterative time–frequency peak filtering, which applies time–frequency peak filtering several times to improve the ability of random noise reduction, this article proposes a new cascading filter implemented using mathematic morphological filtering and the time–frequency peak filtering, which we call here morphological time–frequency peak filtering for convenience. This new method will be used mainly for seismic signal enhancement and random noise reduction in which the advantages of the morphological algorithm in processing nonlinear signals and the time–frequency peak filtering in processing nonstationary signals are utilized. Structurally, the scheme of the proposed method adopts mathematic morphological operation to first preprocess the signal and then applies the time–frequency peak filtering method to ultimately extract the valid signal. Through experiments on synthetic seismic signals and field seismic data, this paper demonstrates that the morphological time–frequency peak filtering method is superior to the time–frequency peak filtering method and its iterative form in terms of valid signal enhancement and random noise reduction.  相似文献   

Using visibility analysis to improve point density and processing time of SfM-MVS techniques for 3D reconstruction of landforms     

Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez  Trent Biggs  Napoleon Gudino-Elizondo  Paz Errea  Esteban Alonso-González  Estela Nadal Romero  José Juan de Sanjosé Blasco 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2524-2539

Image network geometry, including the number and orientation of images, impacts the error, coverage, and processing time of 3D terrain mapping performed using structure-from-motion and multiview-stereo (SfM-MVS). Few studies have quantified trade-offs in error and processing time or ways to optimize image acquisition in diverse topographic conditions. Here, we determine suitable camera locations for image acquisition by minimizing the occlusion produced by topography. Viewshed analysis is used to select the suitable images, which requires a preliminary digital elevation model (DEM), potential camera locations, and sensor parameters. One aerial and two ground-based image collections were used to analyse differences between SfM-MVS models produced using: (1) all available images (ALL); (2) images selected using conventional methods (CON); and (3) images selected using the viewshed analysis (VIEW). The resulting models were compared with benchmark point clouds acquired by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and TLS-derived DEMs. The VIEW datasets produced denser point clouds (28–32% more points) and DEMs with up to 66% reduction in error compared with CON datasets due to reduction of gaps in the DEM. VIEW datasets reduced processing time by 37–76% compared with ALL, with no reduction in coverage or increase in error. DEMs produced with ALL and VIEW datasets had similar slope and roughness, while slight differences that may be locally important were observed for the CON dataset. The new method helps optimize SfM-MVS image collection strategies that significantly reduce the number of images required with minimal loss in coverage or accuracy over complex surfaces. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2013年南斯科舍海岭M_W7.8地震的多点震源机制反演          下载免费PDF全文

张喆  许力生 《地球物理学报》2020,63(8):2978-2998

2013年11月17日,在南极南奥克尼群岛北、南极板块与斯科舍板块之间发生了一次M_W7.8级地震（2013年南斯科舍海岭M_W7.8地震）,我们利用全球分布的长周期和宽频带地震记录反演确定了这次地震随时间和空间变化的震源机制,验证了提出的一种多点震源机制反演的新方法.首先利用长周期记录的W震相反演了这次地震的矩心矩张量解并利用体波提取了视震源时间函数,同时利用台阵反投影技术从宽频带记录中获得了这次地震的高频源的时空分布,然后基于矩心矩张量解、视震源时间函数以及高频源的时空分布,实现了采用新方法对2013年南斯科舍海岭M_W7.8地震的多点震源机制反演.矩心矩张量解表明,地震矩心在44.50°W/60.18°S,矩心深度19 km,半持续时间49 s,释放标量地震矩4.71×10²⁰ N·m,发震断层走向104°,倾角54°,滑动角8°.视震源时间函数清楚地揭示了地震矩随时间变化的方位依赖性,总体上可以将时间过程分为前60 s和后50 s两个阶段,但前60 s可细分为两次子事件.根据台阵反投影结果,这次地震为沿海沟从西到东的单侧破裂,破裂长度达311 km,可以分为5次子事件,能量释放的峰值点依次为13 s、30 s、51 s、64 s和84 s,平均破裂速度分别为0.6 km·s^-1、2.6 km·s^-1、2.3 km·s^-1、2.8 km·s^-1和3 km·s^-1.多点震源机制反演显示,5次子事件的矩震级分别为M_W7.57,M_W7.48,M_W6.80,M_W7.53和M_W7.08,半持续时间依次为21 s,17 s,6 s,16 s和8 s,走向分别为95°,105°,81°,98°和98°,倾角依次为57°,49°,86°,46°和64°,滑动角-9°,1°,-17°,13°和-4°.这些在震源机制、能量释放以及持续时间方面的变化都是当地构造和应力环境复杂性的反映.  相似文献   

Efficient strong motion duration of pulse-like records for nonlinear structural analyses     

Constantinos C. Repapis  Petros P. Mimoglou  Vicky V. Dimakopoulou  Ioannis N. Psycharis  Ioannis M. Taflampas 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(5):479-497

The special interest produced by near-field directivity records and their effect on structural response has given a new significance in the velocity time history, its pulse-like content, and relevant parameters and indices. Recent research has shown that directivity pulses inherent in these records govern the linear and the nonlinear response of a wide range of structures. Based on this observation, it is suggested in this paper that a truncated ground motion, limited to the duration of the predominant velocity pulse, can be efficiently used to predict the structural response, instead of the base motion with the total duration, reducing significantly the required runtimes. The proposed methodology is verified for a series of medium to high rise reinforced concrete buildings, for which nonlinear time-history analyses are performed for a vast suite of pulse-like near-field records applied as base excitations with their total duration and the proposed truncated one. Comparison of the results for the response displacements and forces shows very good agreement, permitting the acceptance of the pulse duration as the efficient strong motion time interval of the original record, which determines the response and, thus, it can be used for nonlinear structural analyses.  相似文献   

建筑抗震实时混合试验时滞补偿方法研究综述          下载免费PDF全文

刘洪波  刘洁 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1361-1368

时滞补偿是建筑抗震实时混合试验的重要问题。文章对时滞补偿方法的研究进行总结,将时滞补偿方法分为基于时间的位移预测时滞补偿方法、基于反馈力的位移预测时滞补偿方法、基于加载系统模型求逆的时滞补偿方法、基于控制理论的时滞补偿方法和基于集成理念的综合补偿方法。  相似文献   

考虑尺寸效应的近海桥梁天然橡胶隔震支座力学性能老化时变规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

李艳敏  马玉宏  赵桂峰 《世界地震工程》2020,(4):169-177

目前天然橡胶支座（NRB）的性能研究大多未考虑尺寸效应,在前期开展的近海桥梁隔震支座和材料老化时变规律研究的基础上,同时考虑支座直径尺寸变化和老化作用时间的影响对NRB的性能进行研究。首先采用ABAQUS有限元软件对不同直径尺寸NRB的性能进行分析,得到了NRB性能随直径尺寸的变化规律;然后结合前期老化作用对NRB及其橡胶材料性能时变规律的影响研究成果,分析了直径尺寸及老化作用时间共同作用下,NRB性能的变化规律,并通过ABAQUS有限元分析,验证了该变化规律的准确性。结果表明:NRB的水平刚度和竖向刚度均随其直径尺寸的增大呈正比例增大趋势;NRB水平刚度比和竖向刚度比均随老化作用时间的增长呈线性增大趋势;且直径为150mm的NRB在实际环境老化60a后,其水平刚度和竖向刚度的增长幅度分别为:30.8%和16.41%,由此可见老化作用时间对NRB水平刚度的影响较显著,对其竖向刚度的影响较小。研究内容可为隔震桥梁结构中支座缩尺模型试验的相关设计提供参考,并为将实验室缩尺橡胶隔震支座的相关成果较好地应用于实际工程计算及设计中提供依据。  相似文献   

一种实时场地校正方法及其在地震预警中的应用     

王辅臣  马强  陶冬旺  刘赫奕 《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(1):171-184

地震预警系统对地震数据处理的实时性要求极高。其系统数据来源除布设在基岩的测震台站外,还有大量非基岩场地的强震动台站和地震烈度仪台站,其场地影响不容忽视。为了考虑震级估算和地震动场预测中的场地影响,需实时对各种场地条件下的地震波形进行校正。目前处理一般使用某个标量来表征场地放大效应。本文采用一种实时的场地校正方法,首先计算目标场地与参考场地的谱比,然后通过最小二乘法、双线性变换将谱比转化为因果递归的无限冲激响应(IIR)时域滤波器,之后可以应用该滤波器进行实时场地校正。该方法考虑了场地放大系数的频率依赖性,相比于标量校正提高了准确度。应用我国四川和日本部分强震动台站记录,验证并讨论了这种实时场地校正方法在地震预警中的应用效果。  相似文献   

基于弹性拉索的超高墩三塔斜拉桥减震效果研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐向东  盖永斌  杜镔  唐志  钟荣炼 《世界地震工程》2020,(2):138-145

为探究超高墩三塔斜拉桥在弹性拉索装置下的减震效果,首先利用SAP2000建立了考虑支座非线性和拉索几何非线性的三维有限元模型;其次基于弹性拉索装置,研究了弹性拉索刚度对三塔斜拉桥地震响应的影响;最后基于数值分析结果并结合某三塔斜拉桥实际工程提出3种减震方案。研究表明:在两边塔塔梁结合处设置弹性拉索可显著减小桥梁在地震作用下的内力和位移响应;提出的方案1(两边塔单根弹性索均为50股,单股刚度均为12000kN/m)、方案2(两边塔单根弹性索均为100股,单股刚度均为10000kN/m)和方案3(15#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度10000kN/m;17#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度为16000kN/m)相较于无弹性索状态,均可有效降低主塔塔底弯矩、塔底剪力、塔顶位移及主梁纵向位移;相较于方案1,方案2和方案3是更优方案。  相似文献   

湖泊蒸发观测与计算方法研究进展     

崔逸凡  刘元波 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1501-1515

湖泊蒸发是连接湖泊水分循环与能量平衡的关键纽带之一,认识湖泊蒸发过程对于理解湖-气间相互作用机制十分重要。然而,由于湖泊的形态结构、地理位置和气候背景不同,各湖泊在不同时间尺度上的蒸发特征不同。湖泊蒸发存在复杂的物理驱动过程、时间尺度相关的反馈以及空间异质性。准确地捕捉并量化湖泊蒸发过程,仍是湖沼学、水文学和气象学等学科的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了湖泊蒸发的主要观测手段,然后概述了湖泊蒸发在日内、季节、年际、年代际四种不同时间尺度的变化特征;梳理了不同时间尺度各要素对湖泊蒸发的影响,以及湖泊蒸发与湖泊面积和深度等形态结构特性及纬度和海拔等地理因素之间的关系;对自涡度相关技术等高精度仪器应用以来的湖泊蒸发研究进展做出了总结。  相似文献