多波束条带测深仪研究发展动态   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈非凡 《海洋技术学报》1999,18(2):26-32

多波束条带测深仪是一种近年发展起来的具有高测量效率、高测量精度、高分辨率的海洋海底地形测量设备,特别适合于大面积的扫海测绘作业。本文较详细地总结了这种水声测量仪器目前在国内、外研究发展的概况,并分析了其未来研究发展的可能方向  相似文献   

海浪外观波数谱与谱宽度最优确定     

杨永增  张杰  冷秀华 《海洋科学进展》1999,(3)

本文将外频谱转化为外观波数谱并设计了计算处理格式,提出了一种谱宽度参量的优化方法,为进一步研究海浪特征资料提取谱值和应用奠定基础。数值试验验证了此方法的可行性,但在高海况下风浪过程复杂,优化出的谱宽度偏大,外观谱解析形式需进一步改进  相似文献   

The effect of lithology on valley width,terrace distribution,and bedload provenance in a tectonically stable catchment with flat‐lying stratigraphy          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda Keen‐Zebert  Mark R. Hudson  Stephanie L. Shepherd  Evan A. Thaler 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(10):1573-1587

How rock resistance or erodibility affects fluvial landforms and processes is an outstanding question in geomorphology that has recently garnered attention owing to the recognition that the erosion rates of bedrock channels largely set the pace of landscape evolution. In this work, we evaluate valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance in terms of reach scale variation in lithology in the study reach and discuss the implications for landscape evolution in a catchment with relatively flat‐lying stratigraphy and very little uplift. A reach of the Buffalo National River in Arkansas was partitioned into lithologic reaches and the mechanical and chemical resistance of the main lithologies making up the catchment was measured. Valley width and the spatial distribution of terraces were compared among the different lithologic reaches. The surface grain size and provenance of coarse (2–90 mm) sediment of both modern gravel bars and older terrace deposits that make up the former bedload were measured and defined. The results demonstrate a strong impact of lithology upon valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance and therefore, upon landscape evolution processes. Channel down‐cutting through different lithologies creates variable patterns of resistance across catchments and continents. Particularly in post‐tectonic and non‐tectonic landscapes, the variation in resistance that arises from the exhumation of different rocks in channel longitudinal profiles can impact local base levels, initiating responses that can be propagated through channel networks. The rate at which that response is transmitted through channels is potentially amplified and/or mitigated by differences between the resistance of channel beds and bedload sediment loads. In the study reach, variation in lithologic resistance influences the prevalence of lateral and vertical processes, thus producing a spatial pattern of terraces that reflects rock type rather than climate, regional base level change, or hydrologic variability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

祁连山北部基岩河道宽度对构造和岩性的响应     

李琼  秦冰雪  潘保田 《第四纪研究》2020,(1):132-147

活动造山带基岩河流地貌研究,目前已成为构造地貌学研究的前沿和热点。河道宽度形态的调整变化是基岩河流响应构造、岩性和气候等扰动的重要方式之一。通过研究祁连山北部地区6个重点流域基岩河道的宽度形态发现:河道宽度总体上呈现出东西向和南北向的变化特征,河道向下游增宽的速率,东段地区显著高于中段地区,低山带显著高于高山带;对比河道宽度的变化特征与构造抬升速率及岩性抗蚀性的变化,可以推断:在祁连山北部地区,基岩河道宽度响应构造抬升和岩性抗蚀性的变化进行了系统地调整,构造抬升控制了流域河道宽度变化的总体趋势,而岩性抗蚀性变化则导致了流域内部局部河段河道宽度的大幅波动。在祁连山北部地区开展的基岩河道宽度形态研究,为利用基岩河道形态研究造山带的构造变形奠定了基础,对于探索构造抬升背景下地貌的发育过程具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

基于大视场光学测量设备的多星观测和解算天文经纬度研究     

王康相  何昕  魏仲慧  余辉龙  王东鹤  汶迎辉 《测绘科学》2010,35(3):24-25,33

本文提出了一种新的基于大视场光学测量设备和GPS测量点位天文坐标的方法,即测量多个星体方位角相对于主光轴方位角的增量,然后通过非线性最小二乘法解算出点位的天文坐标。采用该方法不仅可以避免讨论大气蒙气差的修正问题,而且能够满足高精度天文坐标的测量要求。  相似文献   

断层附近地应力扰动带宽度及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

翁剑桥  曾联波  吕文雅  刘奇  祖克威 《地质力学学报》2020,26(1):39-47

在建立正断层模型的基础上,利用三维有限元数值模拟方法研究了断层附近地层中的地应力变化规律。其结果表明,由于断层活动,在断层附近普遍发育应力扰动带;在应力扰动带范围内,地应力方向和大小发生明显的变化,断层中部附近应力值普遍较低,而断层端部的应力值通常异常增大。应力扰动带的分布范围主要受断层规模的控制,与断裂带的岩石力学性质、断层走向、断层面形态和边界应力条件等因素也密切相关。随断层长度和断距逐步增大,应力扰动带的宽度相应增加。断裂带的岩石越破碎,其岩石弹性模量越低,断层对地应力的影响宽度越大。断层走向与区域最大水平主应力方向越接近垂直、断距与断层长度的比值越大,区域内的差应力越大,则扰动带宽度与断层规模的比值也越大。选择渤海湾盆地BZ-X油田进行验证,在建立油田实际三维地质模型基础上,根据边界应力条件,利用三维有限元方法对沙河街组二段的地应力分布进行了数值模拟计算。根据断层周围的地应力变化,确定了应力扰动带的分布范围,断层附近应力扰动带宽度的分布规律与正断层模型分析结果相一致。   相似文献   

Adjustment of self-formed bankfull channel geometry of meandering rivers: modelling study     

Kensuke Naito  Gary Parker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(13):3313-3322

We consider the evolution of the hydraulic geometry of sand-bed meandering rivers. We study the difference between the timescale of longitudinal river profile adjustment and that of channel width and depth adjustment. We also study the effect of hydrological regime alteration on the evolution of bankfull channel geometry. To achieve this, a previously developed model for the spatiotemporal co-evolution of bankfull channel characteristics, including bankfull discharge, bankfull width, bankfull depth and down-channel bed slope, is used. In our modelling framework, flow variability is considered in terms of a specified flow duration curve. Taking advantage of this unique feature, we identify the flow range responsible for long-term bankfull channel change within the specified flow duration curve. That is, the relative importance of extremely high short-duration flows compared to moderately high longer duration flows is examined. The Minnesota River, MN, USA, an actively meandering sand-bed stream, is selected for a case study. The longitudinal profile of the study reach has been in adjustment toward equilibrium since the end of the last glaciation, while its bankfull cross-section is rapidly widening due to hydrological regime change in the last several decades. We use the model to demonstrate that the timescale for longitudinal channel profile adjustment is much greater than the timescale for cross-sectional profile adjustment due to a lateral channel shift. We also show that hydrological regime shift is responsible for the recent rapid widening of the Minnesota River. Our analysis suggests that increases in the 5–25% exceedance flows play a more significant role in recent bankfull channel enlargement of the Minnesota River than increase in either the 0.1% exceedance flow or the 90% exceedance flow. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

风急流对吕宋海峡黑潮路径变异的影响及其动力机制     

常锑  王铮  袁东亮 《海洋科学》2021,45(10):1-10

为研究风急流对吕宋海峡处黑潮路径的影响,本文使用1.5层约化重力浅水模式,设置了与吕宋海峡跨度相接近的缺口宽度,考虑西边界流在西边界缺口处当处于迟滞过程的临界状态时,其路径受风急流影响的动力机制,并初步探讨了在实际海陆边界条件下,实际风急流对黑潮路径的影响。结果显示,理想情况下,当西边界流处在由入侵流态到跨隙流态转变的临界状态时,西风、南风以及西南风风急流可以激发西边界流由入侵流态转变为跨隙流态。当西边界流处在由跨隙流态向入侵流态转变的临界状态时,北风、东风以及东北风风急流可以激发西边界流由跨隙流态转变为入侵流态,并且在风急流消失后西边界流不能再恢复到初始流态。实际情况下,冬季风急流有利于黑潮入侵南海,夏季风急流有利于黑潮跨越吕宋海峡,这和理想情况下的模拟结果以及实际观测结果相一致,这对进一步研究南海北部的上层环流以及南海的质量、能量输送有重要意义。  相似文献   

载波相位测量在高精度导航信号监测接收数据处理中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许亚玲  陈向东 《全球定位系统》2005,30(3):16-19

在GPS广域差分系统中,参考站需要进行高精度导航信号监测接收,并获得良好的伪距观测数据。载波相位测量由于其测量精度高且观测噪声小,因此在伪距观测数据处理方面,发挥了重要作用。介绍了载波相位测量在高精度导航监测接收的伪距观测数据处理方面的具体应用,提出了一种综合利用三频电离层残差和裁波相位变化率,来实时可靠地检验并修复周跳的方法。  相似文献   

改进型中心管模型能量转换性能试验及样机设计     

吴必军  李猛  陈天祥  伍儒康 《海洋工程》2017,35(1):97-104

为了提高中心管振荡水柱波浪能利用技术能量转换效率,基于新的认识和目前常用的2.4米导航灯标,对中心管尾部设计了三种模型并在造波水槽中进行能量转换性能试验。试验结果表明:直管型中心管俘获宽度比最高达到了70.25%,但通频带宽度窄;加长喇叭口型中心管略好于喇叭口型中心管;在喷咀比为0.02条件下,加长喇叭口型中心管浮体有较高双峰俘获宽度比,波峰为40.0%,波谷为31.6%,通频带宽,为随机波下高效转换创造了条件。最高俘获宽度比和双峰通频带特性实验数据结果都优于历史文献值。根据试验数据对一些适合小型海洋仪器供电的样机进行了设计,设计的样机具有较高的性价比。  相似文献