中国对澳投资:矿业趋冷     

晏忠华 《西部资源》2014,(2):34-34

<正>近日,国际四大会计师事务所之一毕马威会计师事务所(KPMG)最新报告显示,中国在澳大利亚的直接投资从2012年的101.05亿美元下降至2013年的91.15亿美元,反映了在采矿业和能源行业投资的下降趋势。同期中国在全球的投资额总体呈上升趋势。这份名为《解密中国对澳大利亚的投资(2014年3月最新版)》的报告显示,中国2012年的全球投资总额构成中,美国与澳大利亚各  相似文献   

气候特点概述     

胡菊芳 《气象与减灾研究》2014,(3)

<正>2014年4—6月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温偏高、降水略多、日照偏少。主要天气气候事件:4—6月中南部气温异常偏高,5月暴雨、强降水过程频繁,导致局部灾情较重。1气候概况1.1气温。4—6月全省平均气温为22.9℃,较常年同期平均偏高0.7℃,为历史同期第6高位。4、5、6月全省平均气温分别为19.6、22.7、26.3℃,较常年同期相比,4、6月偏高1.6、0.5℃,5月持平。  相似文献   

高分辨率快速循环同化预报系统在内蒙古地区汛期预报性能检验和评估     

孙鑫 《内蒙古气象》2014,(5)

利用中国气象局制定的中短期天气预报质量检验办法,选择了内蒙古地区119个国家地面气象观测站和12个探空观测站,检验并分析了高分辨率快速循环同化预报系统24h内地面和高空要素预报性能。结果表明:该模式提供的0~24h要素预报有较高的准确性和可用性,降水、温度和探空要素预报在0~12h内一致性最好,模式预报性能随预报时效的延长有减弱趋势,但在业务中具有很好的参考价值。  相似文献   

海洋生态模型中参数时空分布的反演研究     

李晓燕  王春晖  吕咸青 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(6):1-9

本文将伴随同化方法应用于海洋生态系统动力学模型。将一年平均分为72个过程,通过同化每一个过程研究区域(17°N-~45°N,173°E~142°W)内的SeaWiFS表层叶绿素数据,优化影响生态机制的5个关键参数Vm、Dz、e、Gm、Dp(简称KP),得到他们在研究区域内的时空分布。对于KP中的每一个参数,首先,分别将其在时间和空间上求平均,得到参数的空间分布场(KPS)和时间分布序列(KPT);其次,将KPS在空间上求平均,得到一个常数(KPC),并利用KPS、KPT和KPC表示出KP的另一种时空变化形式KPST,它减少了模拟过程中变量个数。结果表明,无论是空间分布还是时间分布,Vm、Dz和e具有相同的分布特征和变化趋势,相关系数可达0.99,Dp和Gm亦然,;而Vm、Dz和e的变化趋势与Dp和Gm的变化趋势呈负相关,相关系数可达-0.99。5个参数的变化趋势符合物理意义和生态机制。将模型中的参数分别按上述5种形式赋值,正向运行模式1年,结果表明,考虑参数时空分布的实验误差最小。说明在海洋生态系统动力学数值模拟中,与只考虑参数的空间分布或者只考虑参数的时间分布相比,考虑参数时空分布更合理,更具有物理意义且符合生态机制;伴随同化技术在优化时空变化的参数方面,是一种有效的,普遍适用的方法。  相似文献   

Test and evaluation of a moored microstructure recorder     

田川  王树新  管守德  杨庆轩  徐霄阳 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):201-209

A new moored microstructure recorder （MMR） is designed, developed, tested, and evaluated. The MMR directly measures the high-frequency shear of velocity fluctuations, with which we can estimate the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. We summarize and discuss methods for estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. Instrument body vibrations contaminate the shear signal in an ocean field experiment, and a compensating correction successfully removes this contamination. In both tank test and ocean field experiment, the dissipation rate measured with the MMR agreed well with that measured using other instruments.  相似文献   

这一年,国土人与我们同行——辽宁省抚顺市国土资源局“8·16”特大洪灾重建周年侧记     

高翔 《国土资源》2014,(8):36-38

正8月16日,是个用黑色笔触填写的凝重日子。2013年8月16日,地处辽宁北部山区的抚顺市突降暴雨,导致山洪暴发,急速下泄的洪峰流量超过每秒300立方米,洪水吞噬了县城、乡镇和村落,万亩良田瞬间消失,房屋垮塌浸水,无数个家庭"一洗如贫",市区43个乡镇街道受灾,三个县区共有204个村受灾。受灾人口36.43万,直接经济损失超过17亿元。触目惊心的现场让最早一批到达灾区的抚顺市  相似文献   

单多普勒天气雷达反演风场高原低纬区域同化应用     

李华宏  曹杰  王曼  胡娟  闵颖 《气象科技》2014,42(5):823-831

为了改善低纬高原地区天气预报水平,利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其变分同化系统进行雷达VAD(Velocity Azimuth Display)反演风场资料同化试验。通过设计不同的试验方案,对2009年6月30日00:00至7月1日00:00发生在云南的一次强降水过程进行数值模拟和对比分析,结果表明:同化VAD反演风场资料后对区域模式的风矢量初始场有明显影响。同化系统能把雷达反演风场信息有效地引入模式初始场,改善强降水区域的水汽输送和风场辐合强度;同化VAD反演风场资料后对区域模式累计降水预报有一定改进作用。从长时间累计降水量定量检验结果看,具体表现为25mm以上量级的降水准确率明显提高、漏报率下降,预报偏差更趋合理。不同的同化试验方案之间的模拟结果差异较大。同化频率越高、同化持续时间越长,对区域模式初始场和预报场的影响越明显。但同化持续时间不宜过长,否则可能导致系统移速过快、降水强度偏大、空报率增加等异常。  相似文献   

Assimilating the LAI Data to the VEGAS Model Using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter: An Observing System Simulation Experiment          下载免费PDF全文

JIA Bing-Hao  Ning ZENG  XIE Zheng-Hui 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(4):314-319

Information on the spatial and temporal pat- terns of surface carbon flux is crucial to understanding of source/sink mechanisms and projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate. This study presents the construction and implementation of a terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation system based on a dynamic vegetation and terrestrial carbon model Vegetation-Global-Atmosphere-Soil （VEGAS） with an advanced assimilation algorithm, the local ensemble transform Kalman filter （LETKF, hereafter LETKF-VEGAS）. An observing system simulation experiment （OSSE） framework was designed to evaluate the reliability of this system, and numerical experiments conducted by the OSSE using leaf area index （LAI） observations suggest that the LETKF -VEGAS can improve the estimations of leaf carbon pool and LAI significantly, with reduced root mean square errors and increased correlation coefficients with true values, as compared to a control run without assimilation. Furthermore, the LETKF-VEGAS has the potential to provide more accurate estimations of the net primary productivity （NPP） and carbon flux to atmosphere （CFta）.  相似文献   

基于ROMS模式利用集合最优插值同化沿轨海表面高度异常数据的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

LYU Guokun  WANG Hui  ZHU Jiang  WANG Dakui  XIE Jiping  LIU Guimei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):72-82

The ensemble optimal interpolation （EnOI） is applied to the regional ocean modeling system （ROMS） with the ability to assimilate the along-track sea level anomaly （TSLA）. This system is tested with an eddy-resolving system of the South China Sea （SCS）. Background errors are derived from a running seasonal ensemble to account for the seasonal variability within the SCS. A fifth-order localization function with a 250 km localization radius is chosen to reduce the negative effects of sampling errors. The data assimilation system is tested from January 2004 to December 2006. The results show that the root mean square deviation （RMSD） of the sea level anomaly decreased from 10.57 to 6.70 cm, which represents a 36.6% reduction of error. The data assimilation reduces error for temperature within the upper 800 m and for salinity within the upper 200 m, although error degrades slightly at deeper depths. Surface currents are in better agreement with trajectories of surface drifters after data assimilation. The variance of sea level improves significantly in terms of both the amplitude and position of the strong and weak variance regions after assimilating TSLA. Results with AGE error （AGE） perform better than no AGE error （NoAGE） when considering the improvements of the temperature and the salinity. Furthermore, reasons for the extremely strong variability in the northern SCS in high resolution models are investigated. The results demonstrate that the strong variability of sea level in the high resolution model is caused by an extremely strong Kuroshio intrusion. Therefore, it is demonstrated that it is necessary to assimilate the TSLA in order to better simulate the SCS with high resolution models.  相似文献   

直驱式波浪能转换系统的研究和性能优化     

CHEN Zhongxian  YU Haitao  HU Minqiang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):178-183

A direct-drive wave energy conversion system based on a three-phase permanent magnet tubular linear generator （PMTLG） and a heaving buoy is proposed to convert wave energy into electrical energy. Sufficient experimental methods are adopted to compare the computer simulations, the validity of which is verified by the experiment results from a wave tank laboratory. In the experiment, the motion curves of heaving buoy are with small fluctuations, mainly caused by the PMTLG＇s detent force. For the reduction of these small fluctuations and a maximum operational efficiency of the direct-drive wave energy conversion system, the PMTLG＇s detent force minimization technique and the heaving buoy optimization will be discussed. It is discovered that the operational efficiency of the direct-drive wave energy conversion system increases dramatically after optimization. The experiment and optimization results will provide useful reference for the future research on ocean wave energy conversion system.  相似文献