PRD射孔液在渤海湾大斜度井的应用     

冯哲  金鑫  张飞  刘国振 《海洋地质译丛》2014,(2):78-80,114

渤海湾的油田大部分为砂岩储层,地层胶结较为疏松,在完井作业负压射孔过程中,地层出砂较为严重,增加了射孔枪遇卡的风险,尤其是在大斜度套管井的射孔作业中,常规的射孔液不能满足作业的要求.采用PRD射孔液,能够在射孔段形成薄的泥饼,减少地层出砂,减少射孔液漏失进入地层,保护油藏,而通过后期破胶又可以清除泥饼,因而不会堵塞油流通道.PRD射孔液提高了射孔作业的安全性,减少了事故的发生,同时提高了油井完井的完善程度,值得推广.  相似文献   

机载LiDAR点云的Delaunay三角网快速生成算法     

罗胜  王鑫  孙玉平 《海洋测绘》2014,(2):18-20

为了提高机载激光点云的Delaunay三角网生成效率及稳定性,基于分块算法的思想,改进了点云数据的分块方式,利用点云的凸包及重心点进行数据分块,并结合子块中激光点个数阈值进行三角形子块的细分,从而避免了传统子块合并过程中复杂的相邻三角形搜索及优化处理,仅需简单的一步优化即可完成相邻子块的合并,大大提高了算法的效率。经实验证明,该算法简单、高效且稳定性好,尤其对于大数据量的机载LiDAR点云Delaunay三角网生成具有明显的优势。  相似文献   

A new identification method for five species of oysters in genus Crassostrea from China based on high-resolution melting analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王家丰  许飞  李莉  张国范 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):419-425

The high phenotypic plasticity in the shell of oysters presents a challenge during taxonomic and phylogenetie studies of these economically important bivalves. However, because DNA can exhibit marked differences among morphologically similar species, DNA barcoding offers a potential means for oyster identification. We analyzed the complete sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I （COI） of five common Crassostrea species in China （including Hong Kong oyster C. hongkongensis, Jinjiang oyster C. ariakensis, Portuguese oyster C. angulata, Kumamoto oyster C. sikamea, and Pacific oyster C. gigas） and screened for distinct fragments. Using these distinct fragments on a high-resolution melting analysis platform, we developed an identification method that does not rely on species-specific PCR or fragment length polymorphism and is efficient, reliable, and easy to visualize. Using a single pair of primers （Oyster- COI-1）, we were able to successfully distinguish among the five oyster species. This new method provides a simple and powerful tool for the identification of oyster species.  相似文献   

阿勒泰地区冬季降雪的集中度和集中期变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白松竹  陈真  庄晓翠  王磊 《干旱气象》2014,(1):99-107

利用1961~2010年阿勒泰地区冬季台站降水资料,计算并分析了阿勒泰地区降雪集中度和集中期的时空变化特征。结果表明:降雪集中度(PCD)和集中期(PCP)能够定量表征降雪量在时空场上的非均一性。阿勒泰地区降雪平均集中度为0.27,平均集中期为第7.8候(12月上旬)。平均集中度和集中期空间分布不均匀,东部的降雪集中度和集中期较西部大。Morlet小波分析表明,阿勒泰地区降雪集中度和集中期存在各自的年际尺度周期变化。通过降雪量与集中度和集中期的合成分析表明,多雪年集中度较少雪年偏小,集中期较少雪年偏早。  相似文献   

南印度洋偶极子的变化特征及其与ENSO的关系     

黄秀秀  代秀明  黄春丽 《气象研究与应用》2014,(1):7-11,I0001

利用近三十年逐月的OISST和ERSST资料、NCEP2表面风场等资料和数据分析了南印度洋偶极子的形成原因、结构特征.结果表明：南印度洋偶极子形态的年际SST异常出现在10-12月,有两个明显的冷暖中心,达到极值是在次年的2月份,然后在4-5月份消亡;南印度洋偶极子的形成主要是风场、潜热通量起作用,另外,短波辐射通量也对其有重要的影响;SIOD在北半球春冬季出现,达到盛期是在次年的二月份或三月份,超前ENSO9-10个月,且具有季节锁相特征,在70年代中期的年代际气候突变后,SIOD与ENSO的关系显著增强.  相似文献   

1961—2012年河南省夏季降水时空及环流特征     

潘攀 《气象与环境科学》2014,37(3):27-33

根据1961--2012年河南省111个气象观测站逐日降水资料,采用经验正交函数分解、小波分析等方法,研究了近52a河南省夏季降水的时空分布及环流特征。结果表明,河南夏季降水呈现从东南向西北减少的空间分布,淮河沿线为降水最多的区域,豫西和豫西北太行山一线为降水偏少区。全省夏季降水以全省偏多或偏少一致性为主,此外,还呈现南北反相、东西反相的分布特征。夏季降水存在多时间尺度的周期特征分布：在年代际变化尺度上,降水存在22a左右的周期,且在1977年后信号较强;年际变化尺度上以7a周期为主。在降水偏多年,中高纬存在一个东高西低的环流形势,有利于冷空气南下;低层有气旋式环流,高层有明显的东风环流,有利于水汽的聚集。在降水偏少年,环流形势相反,不利于夏季降水。  相似文献   

重庆地区人体舒适度日数时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吉莉  李家启  苟思  李强  汪志辉  李光兵  张爽 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(1):88-94

利用1981-2010年重庆地区34个地面气象站资料日值数据集,基于人体舒适度指数模型和气候影响评价标准,综合采用线性回归、M－K突变、小波理论和EOF分析等方法分析人体舒适度日数时空分布特征。结果表明：重庆地区年平均人体舒适日数为199 d,主要舒适季节为春、秋季,占全年的71 %;人体舒适日数年际变化较大,总体呈上升趋势,存在4 a、7-8 a的周期振荡,其中热不舒适日数呈上升趋势,冷不舒适日数呈下降趋势;年平均人体舒适日数和热不舒适日数空间分布渝西南及渝东北日数较其他地区偏多,且存在季节性差异,而人体冷不舒适日数则相反。  相似文献   

Water sources of plants and groundwater in typical ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin     

YunFeng Ruan  LiangJu Zhao  HongLang Xiao  GuoDong Cheng  MaoXian Zhou  Fang Wang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0226-0235

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions （δ18O and δD） of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are used to study the recharge water sources of those ecosystems. IsoSource software is used to determine the δ180 values for root water of Populous euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the riparian forest ecosystem, Haloxylon ammodendron in the artificial shrub forest, and Reaumuria soongorica in the Gobi, as well as for local soil water and groundwater, and precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Our results showed that soil water and shallow groundwater of the riparian forest and the artificial shrub forest were recharged by river water which originated from precipitation in the upper reaches, and strong evaporation occurred in the artificial shrub forest. Soil water of the Gobi was not affected by Heihe River water due to this area being far away from the river channel. The main water sources of Populous euphratica were from 40-60-cm soil water and groundwater, and of Tamarix ramosissima were from 40-80-cm soil water in the riparian forest ecosystem. In the artificial forest, Haloxylon ammodendron used 200-cm saturated-layer soil water and shallow groundwater. The Reaumuria soongorica mainly used soil water from the 175-200-cm depth in the Gobi. Therefore, soil water and groundwater are the main water sources which maintain survival and growth of the plants in the extremely arid regions of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin.  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration effects of shrublands in Three-North Shelterbelt Forest region,China   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Wenhui Liu  Jiaojun Zhu  Quanquan Jia  Xiao Zheng  Junsheng Li  Xuedong Lou  Lile Hu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):444-453

Three-North Shelterbelt Forest(TSF) program, is one of six key forestry programs and has a 73-year construction period, from 1978 to 2050. Quantitative analysis of the carbon sequestration of shrubs in this region is important for understanding the overall function of carbon sequestration of the forest and other terrestrial ecosystems in China. This study investigated the distribution area of shrubland in the TSF region based on remote sensing images in 1978 and 2008, and calculated the carbon density of shrubland in combination with the field investigation and previous data from published papers. The carbon sequestration quantity and rate from 1978 to 2008 was analyzed for four sub-regions and different types of shrubs in the TSF region. The results revealed that: 1) The area of shrubland in the study area and its four sub-regions increased during the past thirty years. The area of shrubland for the whole region in 2008 was 1.2 × 10~7 ha, 72.8% larger than that in 1978. The Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Sub-region was the largest shrubland distribution area, while the highest coverage rate was found in the North China Sub-region. 2) In decreasing order of their carbon sequestration, the four types of shrubs considered in this study were Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana spp., Haloxylon ammodendron and Vitex negundo var. heterophylla. The carbon sequestration of H. rhamnoides, with a maximum mean carbon density of 16.5 Mg C/ha, was significantly higher than that of the other three species. 3) The total carbon sequestration of shrubland in the study region was 4.5×10~7 Mg C with a mean annual carbon sequestration of 1.5 ×10~6 Mg C. The carbon density in the four sub-regions decreased in the following order: the Loess Plateau Sub-region, the North China Sub-region, the Northeast China Sub-region and the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Sub-region. The paucity of studies and data availability on the large-scale carbon sequestration of shrub species suggests this study provides a baseline reference for future research in this area.  相似文献   

Soil carbon stock and flux in plantation forest and grassland ecosystems in Loess Plateau,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chanjuan Hu  Guohua Liu  Bojie Fu  Liding Chen  Yihe Lyu  Lei Guo 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):423-435

Carbon sequestration occurs when cultivated soils are re-vegetated. In the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China, black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation forest and grassland were the two main vegetation types used to mitigate soil and water loss after cultivation abandonment. The purpose of this study was to compare the soil carbon stock and flux of these two types of vegetation which restored for 25 years. The experiment was conducted in Yangjuangou catchment in Yan′an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Two adjacent slopes were chosen for this study. Six sample sites were spaced every 35–45 m from summit to toe slope along the hill slope, and each sample site contained three sampling plots. Soil organic carbon and related physicochemical properties in the surface soil layer(0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were measured based on soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the soil carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions and environmental factors were measured in the same sample sites simultaneously. Results indicated that in general, a higher soil carbon stock was found in the black locust plantation forest than that in grassland throughout the hill slope. Meanwhile, significant differences in the soil carbon stock were observed between these two vegetation types in the upper slope at soil depth 0–10 cm and lower slope at soil depth 10–20 cm. The average daily values of the soil CO2 emissions were 1.27 μmol/(m2·s) and 1.39 μmol/(m2·s) for forest and grassland, respectively. The soil carbon flux in forest covered areas was higher in spring and less variation was detected between different seasons, while the highest carbon flux was found in grassland in summer, which was about three times higher than that in autumn and spring. From the carbon sequestration point of view, black locust plantation forest on hill slopes might be better than grassland because of a higher soil carbon stock and lower carbon flux.  相似文献