The tropospheric distribution of formaldehyde during TROPOZ II     

D. W. Arlander  D. Brüning  U. Schmidt  D. H. Ehhalt 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,22(3):251-269

A series of 149 measurements of the HCHO mixing ratio were made between 0 and 10 km altitude and 70° N to 60° S latitude during TROPOZ II. The data show a vertical decrease of the HCHO mixing ratio with altitude at all latitudes and a broad latitudinal maximum in the HCHO mixing ratio between 30° N and 30° S at all altitudes. The measured mixing ratios of HCHO are considerably higher than those expected from CH₄ oxidation alone, but agree broadly with the average latitude by altitude distribution of HCHO derived by a 2D model including emissions of C₁–C₇ hydrocarbons. A number of the regional scale deviations of the measured HCHO distribution from the average modelled one can be explained in terms of the local wind field.  相似文献   

Measurements of Trace Gases in the Inflow of South China Sea Background Air and Outflow of Regional Pollution at Tai O, Southern China     

T. Wang  H. Guo  D. R. Blake  Y. H. Kwok  I. J. Simpson  Y. S. Li 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(3):295-317

We present a 16-month record of ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), total reactive nitrogen (NO_y), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH₄), C₂ – C₈ non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C₁ – C₂ halocarbons, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) measured at a southern China coastal site. The study aimed to establish/update seasonal profiles of chemically active trace gases and pollution tracers in subtropical Asia and to characterize the composition of the `background' atmosphere over the South China Sea (SCS) and of pollution outflow from the industrialized Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and southern China. Most of the measured trace gases of anthropogenic origin exhibited a winter maximum and a summer minimum, while O₃ showed a maximum in autumn which is in contrast to the seasonal behavior of O₃ in rural eastern China and in many mid-latitude remote locations in the western Pacific. The data were segregated into two groups representing the SCS background air and the outflow of regional continental pollution (PRD plus southern China), based on CO mixing ratios and meteorological conditions. NMHCs and halocarbon data were further analyzed to examine the relationships between their variability and atmospheric lifetime and to elucidate the extent of atmospheric processing in the sampled air parcels. The trace gas variability (S) versus lifetime (τ) relationship, defined by the power law, S_lnx = Aτ^{− b}, (where X is the trace gas mixing ratio) gives a fit parameter A of 1.39 and exponent b of 0.42 for SCS air, and A of 2.86 and b of 0.31 for the regional continental air masses. An examination of ln[n-butane]/ln[ethane] versus ln[propane]/ln[ethane] indicates that their relative abundance was dominated by mixing as opposed to photochemistry in both SCS and regional outflow air masses. The very low ratios of ethyne/CO, propane/ethane and toluene/benzene suggest that the SCS air mass has undergone intense atmospheric processing since these gases were released into the atmosphere. Compared to the results from other polluted rural sites and from urban areas, the large values of these species in the outflow of PRD/southern China suggest source(s) emitting higher levels of ethyne, benzene, and toluene, relative to light alkanes. These chemical characteristics could be unique indicators of anthropogenic emissions from southern China.  相似文献   

黔西南金地球化学块体资源潜力与找矿方法研究     

何邵麟  程国繁  刘应忠  陈智  胡从亮  牟军  罗明学 《矿物学报》2007,27(3):477-482

根据1：20万区域化探填图数据，从黔西南金的地质地球化学背景分析出发，应用地球化学块体理论和方法预测金矿远景资源量，分析微细浸染型金矿的地质地球化学综合找矿标志和评价准则，探讨金的成矿条件和找矿方向。综合分析认为，黔西南金的成矿条件优越，成矿物质来源丰富，资源潜力巨大，尚有较大找矿前景。  相似文献   

Automatic Interpretation of Magnetic Data Using Euler Deconvolution with Nonlinear Background   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pawan Dewangan  T. Ramprasad  M. V. Ramana  M. Desa  B. Shailaja 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(11):2359-2372

The voluminous gravity and magnetic data sets demand automatic interpretation techniques like Naudy, Euler and Werner deconvolution. Of these techniques, the Euler deconvolution has become a popular choice because the method assumes no particular geological model. However, the conventional approach to solving Euler equation requires tentative values of the structural index preventing it from being fully automatic and assumes a constant background that can be easily violated if the singular points are close to each other. We propose a possible solution to these problems by simultaneously estimating the source location, depth and structural index assuming nonlinear background. The Euler equation is solved in a nonlinear fashion using the optimization technique like conjugate gradient. This technique is applied to a published synthetic data set where the magnetic anomalies were modeled for a complex assemblage of simple magnetic bodies. The results for close by singular points are superior to those obtained by assuming linear background. We also applied the technique to a magnetic data set collected along the western continental margin of India. The results are in agreement with the regional magnetic interpretation and the bathymetric expressions.  相似文献   

依据化探成果对东昆仑地质背景的讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张文秦  汪彩芳  刘成东  范宜仁 《现代地质》2002,16(3):257-262

在东昆仑地区 6 0 0 0 0多km2 的地域内 ,按照 4km2 的采样单元 ,共采集了 15 0 0 0多件水系沉积物样品。按照 16km2 的网格加工成 4 0 0 0多件组合样后 ,定量分析了 4 0种微量元素的含量。在对这些数据进行数学处理的基础上 ,利用斜交因子的分析结果 ,讨论了东昆仑地区的区域地层、断裂构造和中酸性岩浆岩的特征。根据区域地球化学成果 ,进一步明确了昆中、昆南断裂对本区地层和侵入岩分布的控制作用。基于元素区域地球化学背景的对比 ,提出了昆中断裂应向东延伸的证据 ,并指出了东大滩、布青山两个地区经历了相似的地质 地球化学作用  相似文献   

夏季乌拉尔地区环流持续异常及其背景流特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李双林  纪立人 《气象学报》2001,59(3):280-293

在 Dole持续异常界定方法的基础上提出了一种适用于全球分析的界定方法 ,并利用NCEP/NCAR 1 980～ 1 998年 6月 1日～ 8月 31日逐日再分析资料 ,分析了全球大气环流持续异常的分布 ,重点研究了乌拉尔地区反复出现的、维持较长时间的强环流异常的背景流及其演变特征 ,得到以下结论 :1 )文中提出的界定方法能较好地识别全球地区持续异常分布 ;2 )乌拉尔地区环流正、负持续异常形成时 ,背景环流的发展不具有对称性 ,负异常并不是正异常的简单相反过程。正异常的发展与位于西南方的正距平扰动向东北移动、及与位于中西伯里亚的正距平扰动西移有关 ,这些扰动具有相当正压结构的 ,而负异常则主要是局地发展而形成的 ;3)正压过程对乌拉尔持续异常的形成起着主要作用 ,明显不同于北太平洋环流持续异常的发展 ;4)乌拉尔正、负持续异常期间的背景流不仅在北半球中高纬有明显差异 ,而且在南、北半球其它地区也有明显差异 ,热带的差异在低频环流上表现得更为清楚 ;5)在异常发生前 ,中纬度急流已发生了有利于异常建立的改变。  相似文献   

沙尘暴天气的归类判别分析预报模式     

高涛  刘景涛  康铃 《干旱气象》2001,19(2):14-20

在大量分析了历史上 4 0年发生在内蒙古中西部地区的 37场沙尘暴天气过程的基础上 ,总结归纳了其大气环流特征 ,将他们划分成 4个环流类型。参考SaatyT .L .,提出的综合选优的方法[1] ,建立判别矩阵 ,然后计算归类判别预报 ,根据判别函数值判断实时待判样本的归属。参照归属类历史沙尘暴的天气形势和实况出现的范围以及强度作出沙尘暴天气预报 ,并设计了一个沙尘暴天气的归类判别分析预报模式。该模式已较成功地应用于 2 0 0 0年春季内蒙古地区的沙尘暴天气预报业务中 ,取得了较好的预报效果。实践证明 ,它是一个客观化、定量化和计算自动化的实用的预报模式 ,是我们目前作沙尘暴预报的重要技术手段之一。  相似文献   

兰州市气象与污染环境背景综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨民  王锡稳  李文莉  王鹏祥  王小燕 《干旱气象》2001,19(4):11-15

利用 196 0～ 2 0 0 0年气候统计资料和 1975～ 2 0 0 0年环境监测资料 ,从地理位置、大、小尺度气候背景、兰州市区污染源概况及主要污染物的时空分布等方面 ,分析该市的气候与污染环境背景 ,为兰州市空气质量预报方法和模式的建立提供依据  相似文献   

强弱南海夏季风活动及大气季节内振荡   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

Li Chongyin  Long Zhenxi  Zhang Qingyun 《大气科学进展》2001,18(6):1146-1160

应用ＮＣＥＰ再分析资料和中国降水资料，分析研究了对应南海强、弱夏季风的环流形势及其与之相应的中国东部的降水异常。其结果表明，由强、弱夏季风所引起的中国气候异常是完全不同（甚至反相）的。分析大气季节内振荡（ＩＳＯ）的活动还表明，对应大气强（弱）南海夏季风，南海地区 ８５０ ｈＰａ也有强（弱）大气 ＩＳＯ；而强、弱南海夏季风环流（２００ ｈＰａ和 ８５０ ｈＰａ）主要由异常的大气ＩＳＯ所激发。本研究还揭示了南海地区大气ＩＳＯ的变化往往与江淮地区大气ＩＳＯ的变化反相，例如南海地区的强（弱）大气ＩＳＯ常与江淮流域的弱（强）大气ＩＳＯ相对应。对于大气ＩＳＯ的强度，一般多表现出局地激发特征，经向传播相对较弱。  相似文献   

青藏高原地表热通量变化及其对初夏东亚大气环流的影响   总被引：25，自引：4，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文

董敏  朱文妹等 《应用气象学报》2001,12(4):458-468

应用NCEP地面热通量资料, 研究了青藏高原地面感热、潜热的气候状况及其与初夏东亚大气环流之间的关系。发现高原地面热通量的异常将影响高原地区上空的垂直运动与辐散辐合运动, 从而引起东亚地区高度场及风场的异常。同时, 青藏高原地区地面热通量与后期东亚地区的环流变化也有密切关系, 这种关系可为预测东亚地区初夏环流异常提供有意义的指标。  相似文献