遥感图像中云层遮挡影响消除方法研究述评   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

陈姚  王金亮  李石华 《国土资源遥感》2006,17(1):61-65

 综合评述了目前用于消除遥感图像云层遮挡影响方法的原理、应用现状及处理过程中存在的问题，并在同一实验区比较了同态滤波和Kriging插值等方法的处理效果，结果表明，Kriging插值处理具有一定的优越性。  相似文献   

Cloud condensation nuclei measurements at Mace Head, Ireland, over the period 1994–2002     

Luke Reade  S.G. Jennings  Gobnait McSweeney 《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):610

Analyses of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations (cm^− 3) measured at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, near Carna, County Galway, Ireland, using a DH Associates Model M1 static thermal diffusion cloud chamber over the period from March 1994 to September 2002 are presented in this work. Air masses are defined as being ‘marine’ if they originate from a wind direction of 180–300° and ‘continental’ air masses are defined as originating from a wind direction of 45–135°. Air masses without such filtering were classified as ‘undefined’ air masses. Air masses were found to be dominated by marine sector air, re-affirming Mace Head as a baseline atmospheric research station. CCN levels for specific air masses at Mace Head were found to be comparable with earlier studies both at Mace Head and elsewhere. Monthly averaged clean marine (wind direction of 180–300° and black carbon absorption coefficient < 1.425 Mm^− 1) CCN and marine CCN varied between 15–247 cm^− 3 and 54–670 cm^− 3, respectively. As expected, significant increases in number concentration were found in continentally sourced CCN over that of marine CCN and were found to follow a log-normal distribution significantly tighter than that of clean marine air masses. No significant trend was found for CCN over the 9-year period. While polluted continental air masses showed a slight increase in CCN concentrations over the winter months, most likely due to increased fuel usage and a lower mixed boundary layer, the dominance of marine sector air arriving at Mace Head, which generally consists of background CCN concentrations, reduced seasonal differences for polluted air. Marine air showed a distinct seasonal pattern, with elevated values occurring over the spring and summer seasons. This is thought to be due to enhanced biogenic aerosol production as a result of phytoplankton bloom activity in the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

基于实测值分段线性内插模型的InSAR视线向同震位错分解-以青藏高原昆仑山MemＳsub8.1地震为例x,auto,auto,415px);}stylehf=httprztl.com business week launch   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

马超  单新建 《地震学报》2006,28(1):98-104

利用现场GPS定位的实测值，在尝试过最小二乘拟合并取得初步成果的基础上，进而采用更符合破裂带形态的线性立方插值函数，在破裂带主断面上，建立起一种理论与实测相结合的InSAR视线向(LOS)变化量的分解方程，得到了InSAR视线向位移分解的具有唯一性的解析解. 本文的解析法吸纳了GPS定点实测值的精度优势，利用InSAR全天候、准实时获取连续形变场的技术特点，通过数学近似，最终获得了主破裂带上连续变化的水平位错及垂直位错同震形变曲线.   相似文献   

巴姆地震变形场和应力场：Ⅰ．用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

凌勇 曾祺明罗扬  赵永红 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2367-2374

本文对2003年12月26日伊朗东南部克尔曼省巴姆地区发生的6.6级地震产生的位移场、应变场和应力降分布进行了定量研究。首先从差分干涉雷达(D～InSAR)出发,求解出此次地震的同震干涉条纹和雷达视线方向的位移场,并从雷达干涉的相干图上清楚的观察到了发震断层的痕迹,得出此次地震的发震断层是巴姆断层以西的隐伏断层的结论。然后结合 Harvard 的 CMT(震源机制解)结果、Nakamura 的断层结果(Arg-e-Bam 隐伏断层)以及本文 D-InSAR 求解出的发震断层结果,利用 Okada 程序,计算出此次地震的北、东、垂向三个位移分量,投影得到雷达视线方向的位移,将投影结果与由 D-InSAR得到的位移场比较,看到我们所讨论的断层模式可以很好的解释差分干涉雷达的观测结果,可以合理的解释 Arg-e-Bam 隐伏断层为此次地震的发震破裂断层,通过分析地震的破坏程度分布图,隐伏断层为发震断层的解释可以很好的符合巴姆地震的等震分布图。最后,本文利用 Okada 程序计算得到了此次地震所产生的应变场和应力降场。  相似文献   

中国西北地区云的分布及其变化趋势   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

陈勇航  陈艳  黄建平  郑志海  苏婧  黄鹤 《高原气象》2007,26(4):741-748

利用1983年7月—2001年9月ISCCP D2云的月平均资料,针对西北地区15种不同类型云的分布特征进行了分析,给出了中、低云量之和以及高云量在3个气候子区的多年变化趋势,初步探讨了其形成机制。结果表明:水层云、冰层云、水雨层云、冰雨层云和深对流云的光学厚度和云水路径值最大;水层云主要出现在天山山区、北疆地区和陕西南部,冰层云主要出现在北疆地区,水雨层云、冰雨层云和深对流云以及水高层云、冰高层云、卷层云的云量高值区在天山—昆仑山—祁连山一带以及陕南和/或陇南地区,因此上述地区也是有利于人工增水作业的地区。近20年中,高云量在3个气候区都呈明显下降趋势,中、低云量之和则呈上升趋势。西北地区云与地气系统之间可能存在这样一个过程:地面气温的升高,促使地面蒸发加剧,从而导致中、低云量增多而使降水增多,同时高云云量减少。  相似文献   

Doppler radar observation, CG lightning activity and aerial survey of a multiple downburst in southern Germany on 23 March 2001     

Nikolai Dotzek  Peter Lang  Martin Hagen  Thorsten Fehr  Werner Hellmiss 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):519-533

Two downburst events from one thunderstorm are investigated, which occurred on 23 March 2001, in Germany's climatologic annual minimum of downburst activity. Observations by two Doppler radars are combined with hail reports, ground lightning detection and an aerial survey conducted after the event. The downburst-producing storm had formed at a synoptic convergence line within the warm sector of a cyclone. It had a remarkably high propagation speed of up to 31 m s^− 1 corresponding to the mid-tropospheric flow. Thus, by superposition with the storm motion, even two weak downbursts were sufficient to cause the observed damage of F1 and F2 intensity, respectively. While in its late stages, the storm was dynamically characterized by lower- and mid-tropospheric divergence; at about the time of the first downburst, a mesocyclonic vortex signature was verified. Aside from mid-tropospheric dry air entrainment, a thermodynamic explanation for the triggering of the two downbursts by melting of small hail according to recent findings by Atlas et al. [Atlas, D., Ulbrich, C.W., Williams, C.R., 2004. Physical origin of a wet microburst: observations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 1186–1196] appears probable. Despite the lack of warnings to the public, the storm's potential for hail and strong straight-line winds was detected by the German weather service radar software CONRAD more than a half hour before the downbursts occurred.  相似文献   

A sensitivity of squall-line intensity to environmental static stability under various shear and moisture conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tetsuya Takemi   《Atmospheric Research》2007,84(4):374-389

Squall lines develop in various climate regions having diverse environmental profiles of wind shear, moisture, and temperature. In order to explore the sensitivity of squall lines to these environmental profiles, we have performed an extensive set of numerical simulations under various shear and moisture conditions in midlatitude-continental and tropical–oceanic temperature environments. From the results of the sensitivity simulations and the analyses of the environmental parameters, it is found that the static stability in a convectively unstable layer is of primary importance in determining the strength of squall lines. Under temperature environments having the same static stability, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and precipitable water content (PWC) well describe the squall-line intensity. Vertical shear also plays an important role in determining the squall-line structure as well as the intensity through the interaction with surface cold pool. The combination of the static stability in a convectively unstable layer, CAPE, and PWC should be examined in diagnosing the intensity of squall lines that develop with an optimal shear for their environment.  相似文献   

植被电磁散射的半空间模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨同敏  谢拥军  王鹏  杨锐 《地球物理学报》2007,50(2):605-610

本文给出了地面植被电磁散射的半空间模型研究方法.在以往的相关文献中，均采用自由空间格林函数求解单个叶片散射体的散射场，本文利用半空间并矢格林函数求出了单个散射体的散射场，然后运用Monte Carlo方法模拟生成地面植被层，得到了在半空间下植被层的电磁散射特性，计算出了单、双站雷达散射截面，并与自由空间下的散射场做了相互对比.结果表明，在半空间格林函数下得到的散射场更为适用于描述地面植被的电磁散射特性.  相似文献   

云顶以下臭氧对TOMS反演臭氧总量的影响及反演方法的理论研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

江芳  王英鉴  刘振兴  王咏梅  张晓庆 《地球物理学报》2007,50(2):364-369

目前紫外后向散射反演臭氧总量的所有算法，都将云考虑成不透明的Lambertian反射体，并假定云顶有效反照率不随波长的变化而变化.然而本文通过模拟计算发现，由于云散射、瑞利散射、臭氧吸收三种作用的综合结果，云顶的有效反照率是与波长相关的，即使光学厚度比较大的云，辐射也可由云顶继续向下传输，因而会受到云顶以下臭氧吸收的影响.用V7方法进行反演，模拟计算结果表明：云的出现使得云顶以下，特别是云内光程增强，导致紫外波段的臭氧吸收衰减增大，所以反演出的臭氧总量值比真实值偏大，本文称这种现象为“云吸收效应”，并讨论了该效应的影响因子.最后，在辐射传输模拟的基础上建立一套反演算法，大大减弱了“云吸收效应”的影响.  相似文献   

一次局地冰雹的新一代天气雷达回波演变特征分析     

谢向阳  张平文  刘臣亮 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(5):42-43

2004年5月31日20时40分至21时15分,兵团农六师芳新垦区出现了一次局地冰雹天气,冰雹直径为0.5～0.8cm,但冰雹密度大,致使芳草湖农场353hm2棉花受灾。本文应用雷达的二次产品及回波特征对局地冰雹的发展、演变进行分析,对发展迅速的局地冰雹云的雷达识别和准确预报冰雹落区是有意义的。  相似文献