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141.
半荒漠风沙区土地沙漠化生物整治技术的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
试验证明,土地沙漠化生物整治技术能在半荒漠风沙区取得显著的作用和效果。在柠条、毛条、花棒、杨柴、沙木蓼等灌木树种的适生立地上营造防风固沙林,林后3~4年,灌木就可郁闭成林,流动沙丘完全被控制变为固定沙丘;林下植被结构得以改善,优良品种增多,如能合理开发其饲料等用途,还具有十分可观的经济效益。 相似文献
142.
At 31 sites in Finland the Zn content was determined of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. growing on pine and birch, the terricolous lichen Cladina spp. in pine bark, and the inner part of birch bark. The anomalous contents of Zn in H. physodes on pine and Cladina spp. in soil appeared to be strongly related to sulphide ore deposits. Anthropogenic Zn correlated closely with S and Fe in H. physodes on pine and with Fe in Cladina spp. The binding of geogenic Zn was related to iron hydroxides, and was attributed to the different uptake mechanism of S in these lichens. Elevated values of Zn in H. physodes on birch were due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Zinc in pine bark increased with the Zn content in H. physodes and reached a limiting value. 相似文献
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陈岳 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,(Z1)
在系统分析总结国内外本领域的研究发展现状的基础上,以上海浦东新区城市生活垃圾卫生填埋处理为研究背景,首次提出LFGE效应系统分析方法的完整理论和应用体系,体系主要包括:LFGE效应的主控因素特征分析;在垃圾淋滤试验、有关土的工程性能试验和反映运移转化特征的土柱试验基础上的作用机制研究;具单元、组合、整体模拟及压实效应模拟功能的模拟计算研究;在不确定性条件存在下,随机模拟研究和以贝叶斯决策分析理论为基础的LFGE效应决策分析技术经济转换研究 相似文献
146.
Multiple decision-making criteria in the transport and burial of hazardous and radioactive wastes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
E. K. Paleologos I. Lerche 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1999,13(6):381-395
We evaluate the application of various statistical measures for the identification of optimal financial strategies in environmental
projects that may be burdened by the consequences of low-probability, high-cost events. Our particular application lies in
the area of transport and burial of hazardous and radioactive wastes but our approach applies to a wide range of problems
where the utility structure is of the form of gains minus losses, and where limited and/or catastrophic failures may be encountered.
We utilize four statistical measures, the expected value, variance, volatility and cumulative probability to compare the outcomes
of limited and catastrophic spills. The maximum expected monetary value which is frequently used in the environmental and
gas and oil industries as the sole criterion for the selection of optimum actions is seen to lead to erroneous decisions and
fails to unambiguously differentiate the economic consequences of limited and catastrophic failures in a project. We demonstrate
that unwarranted inclusion of catastrophic scenarios into the decision-making analysis can substantially alter the perspective
of a project and guide a corporation away from an investment that could be profitable even under a limited liability case.
We conclude by providing a decision-making procedure for cases where the probabilities associated with future events and/or
the monetary returns are characterized not by sharp estimates but rather are represented by a range of values. 相似文献
147.
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of meteoric water are known to correlate with surface air temperature, except in tropical areas. This relationship has been described using a number of terms corresponding to specific observations, such as latitude, altitude and seasonal effects. However, these temperature effects do not seem to apply to precipitation in monsoonal areas of Asia. Questions have been raised as to whether the isotopic composition of meteoric water can be used to reconstruct paleomonsoon intensity. Tree rings of two modern spruce trees (Picea meyeri) and a 10,000-yr-old timber (Picea jezoensis) were analyzed for hydrogen isotopic composition. On average, the older tree is depleted in deuterium by 45‰ compared to the modern trees. We attribute this isotopic depletion to the strength of summer monsoons, which were more intense in the early Holocene than at present. Although this study is not definitive, it suggests that paleomonsoon intensity can be reconstructed by direct or proxy methods that yield the oxygen or hydrogen isotopic composition of meteoric water. 相似文献
148.
利用高分辨率无人机航拍影像,结合基本地质资料,分析了影响2014年8月3日鲁甸M_S6.5地震震后崩塌滑坡分布的主要因素,使用M5'模型树算法建立了崩塌滑坡密度与其影响因子间的分段线性模型,并检验了该模型的预测性能。结果表明,地震诱发的崩塌滑坡分布受断层距、岩土体结构强度、坡度、植被条件等的影响,其中,断层距、岩土体结构强度及坡度等为主要影响因素;崩塌滑坡易发生在结构破裂区及坡度为38°~50°的区域,其分布密度随断层距的增加而减小;利用M5'模型树算法建立的模型体现出崩塌滑坡分布与其影响因子间复杂的非线性关系,模型检验结果显示,理论模型与实际关联函数间的相关系数达到0.88,因此,可利用该模型预测地震诱发的崩塌滑坡的分布。 相似文献
149.
互花米草自1979年引进我国以来迅速增长,呈现外来物种入侵势态,严重影响了滨海湿地生态系统平衡。通过遥感手段监测可以获取互花米草的时空扩展规律,为互花米草治理提供参考和依据。本文选取长三角地区3个主要湿地区域为研究区,依托Google Earth Engine (GEE)平台选取了2014—2019年Landsat 8 OLI时间序列数据,提出了一种基于物候特征的互花米草提取方法。首先,通过归一化差异湿度指数(NDMI)、归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)和归一化差异水体指数(NDWI)提取互花米草生长的高湿度区域;然后,通过植被指数构建表征植被物候特征的时间序列曲线,确定互花米草与其他植被的物候特征差异时相;最后,基于物候特征差异时相数据构建决策树提取互花米草。通过与现有的互花米草决策树提取方法和支持向量机(SVM)方法对比发现,本文方法在3个研究区的提取结果均为最优提取结果,表明本文的方法对提取互花米草具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
150.