玄武岩类形成的大地构造环境的Th／Hf—Ta／Hf图解判别   总被引：99，自引：30，他引：99  

汪云亮  张成江等 《岩石学报》2001,17(3):413-421

Th,Ta,Hf是一组耐熔强亲岩浆元素，由于地球化学性质的相似性，其相互之间的比值关系能将深部作用的地球化学过程较好地恢复出来，玄武岩类，是原始玄武岩浆形成的岩石的Ta/Hf及Th/Hf比值，能较好地反映其源区的Th,Ta,Hf之间的分异特征，在一般情况下，这一特征与某种确定的大地构造环境有密切关系和确定的因果联系，可用来判别玄武岩类形成的大地构造环境及其源区Th,Ta,Hf分异特征，本文根据典型大地构造环境玄武岩类的Th,Ta,Hf数据，提出了玄武岩类形成的大地构造环境判别的Th/Hf-Ta/Hf双对数图及判别方法。  相似文献   

The “peeling” method to process apparent resistivity data for earthquake precursory monitoring     

Mao Xian-jin  Qian Jia-dong 《地震学报(英文版)》2001,14(6):685-691

Considering the fact that there is only one pair of fixed potential poles in one direction used to monitor the resistivity changes under the observatory station which may indicate process of earthquake preparation, based on the precondition that the resistivity structure is 1-dimensional under the observatory station, and by way of equivalent model put forward by the authors, this paper suggests a kind of method trying to separate the resistivity changes in deep layers from that of the shallow layer. Analysis shows that, to obtain the same measured data with the same array, any a multi-layered geo-electrical structure can be equivalently taken as a two-layered one, we call it equivalent model. In this paper, the resistivity and thickness of the upper layer of the equivalent model are equal to that of the first layer of the original one, the resistivity of the lower layer of the equivalent model is obtained with calculation according to the requirement of equivalence, its value is relevant with the resistivities and thicknesses of all layer of the original model except for the first one, so the resistivity change of the equivalent layer can indicate the synthetic effect of variation of all layers of the original model except for the first one. The primary research results show that this method can work well. Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (100146).  相似文献   

Wave propagation in a seven-story reinforced concrete building: I. Theoretical models     

M. I. Todorovska  S. S. Ivanovi  M. D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(3):705

For transient, high frequency, and pulse like excitation of structures in the near field of strong earthquakes, the classical design approach based on relative response spectrum and mode superposition may not be conservative. For such excitations, it is more natural to use wave propagation methods. In this paper (Part I), we review several two-dimensional wave propagation models of buildings and show results for theoretical dispersion curves computed for these models. We also estimate the parameters of these models that would correspond to a seven-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California. Ambient vibration tests data for this building imply vertical shear wave velocity β_z=112 m/s and anisotropy factor β_x/β_z=0.55 for NS vibrations, and β_z=88 m/s and β_x/β_z=1 for EW vibrations. The velocity of shear waves propagating through the slabs is estimated to be about 2000 m/s. In the companion paper (Part II), we estimate phase velocities of vertically and horizontally propagating waves between seven pairs of recording points in the building using recorded response to four earthquakes.  相似文献   

Identification of Fei-Tsui arch dam from both ambient and seismic response data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chin-Hsiung Loh  Tsu-Shiu Wu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(7):465-483

This purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of the Fei-Tsui arch dam using the seismic response data and the ambient vibration data. For the identification of dam properties from seismic response data, the multiple inputs from the abutment of the dam to represent the nonuniform excitations of seismic input motion are considered, and the ARX model is applied using the discrete-time linear filtering approach with least-squares approximation to identify the dynamic characteristics of the dam. The system modal dampings, natural frequencies and frequency response functions are identified. A comparison of the identified modal parameters is made among different seismic events. Post-earthquake safety evaluation of the dam can be made based on the identified model. Finally, the ambient vibration test of the dam is performed to identify the mode shapes along the dam crest.  相似文献   

A NEW RECEPTOR MODEL:A DIRECT TRILINEAR DECOMPOSITION FOLLOWED BY A MATRIX RECONSTRUCTION     

PHILIP K.HOPKE 《地理学报(英文版)》1992,(2)

In many cases,monitoring data for ambient airborne particles can be organized in the form of a three-way data table with one way for chemical species,one for sampling periods and one for sites.A directtrilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction(DTDMR)is developed to analyze such adata table as a whole.The three-way data set is composed into three two-way matrices by a direct trilineardecomposition(DTD).The column vectors of each of the matrices are called‘source profiles’,‘emissionpatterns’and‘site coefficients’respectively.Particulate sources are identified by examining both theirsource profiles and emission patterns.After the sources have been identified,emission patterns and sitecoefficients are used to produce a three-way matrix that gives estimates of mass contributions of sourcesto the samples collected at every site in every period.By simulation study,not only has the method beenverified,but a good indicator has been found that shows the number of factors(i.e.sources)in thesystem.Unlike other receptor models,DTDMR does not require source profile data and does not involvetrial-and-error procedures.Since DTDMR identifies sources based on variations in two dimensions,it hasa higher potential to distinguish two sources that have similar chemical compositions.The DTDMRmodel has provided excellent results with simulated data and has been applied in a real world three-waydata set.  相似文献   

秦巴山区地质灾害发育规律研究——以镇巴县幅为例     

赵力行  范文  柴小庆  李培  南亚林 《地质与资源》1992,29(2):187-195

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X射线粉晶衍射法在片麻岩鉴定与分类中的应用     

邵九龙  迟广成  史雨辰 《地质与资源》1992,29(5):490

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关于滕县煤田太原组的“火山碎屑岩”：与王永平同志商榷   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

房庆华  徐榜荣 《煤田地质与勘探》1992,20(2):6-9

叙述了滕县煤田太原组的沉积特征,分析了主要碎屑矿物的标型特征以及该组砂岩在物质成分、结构及沉积构造等方面与火山碎屑岩的差异,认为滕县煤田太原组基本上没有所谓“火山碎屑岩”。还对火山碎屑岩的命名提出了看法。  相似文献   

模糊识别的隶属原则及其应用     

罗晓峰 《新疆地质》1993,(1)

由于模糊识别之最大隶属原则,在实际应用中存在着某种上程度上的不足。本文提出了加势隶属原则、积势隶属原则及加权加势隶属原则、加权积势隶属原则。以此可综合考虑各种变量因素,并在最大限度上综合利用各种变量因素间的信息,以达到模糊识别的最佳效应。  相似文献   

An overview of toxicant identification in sediments and dredged materials   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ho KT  Burgess RM  Pelletier MC  Serbst JR  Ryba SA  Cantwell MG  Kuhn A  Raczelowski P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(4):286-293

The identification of toxicants affecting aquatic benthic systems is critical to sound assessment and management of our nation's waterways. Identification of toxicants can be useful in designing effective sediment remediation plans and reasonable options for sediment disposal. Knowledge of which contaminants affect benthic systems allows managers to link pollution to specific dischargers and prevent further release of toxicant(s). In addition, identification of major causes of toxicity in sediments may guide programs such as those developing environmental sediment guidelines and registering pesticides, while knowledge of the causes of toxicity which drive ecological changes such as shifts in benthic community structure would be useful in performing ecological risk assessments. To this end, the US Environmental Protection Agency has developed tools (toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods) that allow investigators to characterize and identify chemicals causing acute toxicity in sediments and dredged materials. To date, most sediment TIEs have been performed on interstitial waters. Preliminary evidence from the use of interstitial water TIEs reveals certain patterns in causes of sediment toxicity. First, among all sediments tested, there is no one predominant cause of toxicity; metals, organics, and ammonia play approximately equal roles in causing toxicity. Second, within a single sediment there are multiple causes of toxicity detected; not just one chemical class is active. Third, the role of ammonia is very prominent in these interstitial waters. Finally, if sediments are divided into marine or freshwater, TIEs perforMed on interstitial waters from freshwater sediments indicate a variety of toxicants in fairly equal proportions, while TIEs performed on interstitial waters from marine sediments have identified only ammonia and organics as toxicants, with metals playing a minor role. Preliminary evidence from whole sediment TIEs indicates that organic compounds play a major role in the toxicity of marine sediments, with almost no evidence for either metal or ammonia toxicity. However, interpretation of these results may be skewed because only a small number of interstitial water (n = 13) and whole sediment (n = 5) TIEs have been completed. These trends may change as more data are collected.  相似文献