The influence of political ideology on greenhouse gas emissions     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

This research tests the casual link from political ideology to national greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing multinational panel data covering 98 countries during the period 1990–2016. Overall, the baseline results and robustness tests show a political divide on national greenhouse gas emissions, whereby compared to right-wing governments, left-wing governments are more likely to exhibit less carbon dioxide emissions. We further explore this topic from the perspectives of energy efficiency and education. Three-stage OLS regressions suggest that leftist parties increase energy efficiency and spend more on secondary education, which lead to less greenhouse gas emissions. We also introduce the interaction between political ideology and economic performance as well as globalization to test the moderating effects of economic performance and globalization. The study further looks into the interaction effects of political ideology and democracies on greenhouse gas emissions by dividing the whole sample into two sub-samples. The results indicate that the ideology effect on greenhouse gas emissions varies among countries with different economic performances or different degrees of political globalization, as well as between democracies and non-democracies.  相似文献   

Seeking a handle on climate change: Examining the comparative effectiveness of energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy production in the United States     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

This study examines the comparative effectiveness of two important proposed solutions to climate change—energy efficiency improvement and the development and use of renewable energy sources. We focus specifically on their impacts on carbon dioxide emissions by conducting fixed effects regression analysis of panel data pertaining to U.S. states. The analysis reveals a negative relationship between both remedies and carbon dioxide emissions. Although the effects of these potential solutions are statistically equivalent, renewable energy production has a slight edge. Reflecting upon these findings and the larger environmental problem, we caution against exclusive reliance on efficiency improvement and renewable energy to the neglect of other important actions, such as lifestyle modifications. A broad range of social changes, which incorporate the remedies investigated in this paper, are needed to limit long-term global temperature increases to the desired level.  相似文献   

Energy use, climate change and folk psychology: Does sustainability have a chance? Results from a qualitative study in five European countries     

Anke Fischer  Vera PetersJan Vávra  Mirjam NeebeBoldizsár Megyesi 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):1025-1034

Citizens’ support for policies that aim to curb carbon emissions and energy use is often seen as informed by their values, attitudes and perceptions of the environmental problem in question. We argue that we also need to understand how people conceptualise policies and the governance approaches underpinning them to be able to judge the likely acceptance of policy change.In this study, we draw on qualitative interviews (n = 202) from five European countries to explore citizens’ views on governance approaches to stimulate behavioural change in the field of resource use, including regulations, price changes, collective action, technological change and education.We found that many of our interviewees referred to generalised characteristics of humankind and contemporary society to back up their arguments for or against specific governance approaches. In particular, many interviewees concurred that people in general were so self-centred, driven by habit and money- and consumption-oriented that only strict regulations, drastic price changes and technological innovation could possibly achieve widespread behavioural change. As a consequence, such ‘folk psychologies’ can have substantial impact not only on public acceptance, but also on the success of policy measures that aim to reduce citizens’ resource use.  相似文献   

北京密云地区辐射与能量平衡特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘寿东  王秀丽  王咏薇  徐自为  杨澄  唐玉琪 《高原气象》2011,30(4):996-1004

利用北京密云站2007年1,4,8和10月辐射及湍流通量观测资料,分析了农林混合非均匀下垫面晴天、阴天条件下的辐射平衡、反照率及能量平衡特征。结果表明：（1）1,4,8和10月能量平衡闭合度（OLS方法）分别为82%,97%,72%和83%,总体闭合度为76%,数据质量较好;（2）晴天向上长波辐射1,4,8和10月平均...  相似文献   

Growth, condition and energy stores of Arctic grayling fry inhabiting natural and artificial constructed Arctic tundra streams     

Kimberlea L.F. DriedgerLynn P. Weber  Ian K. BirtwellDavid M. Janz 《Limnologica》2011,41(1):63-69

Juvenile north-temperate and Arctic fishes are faced with trade-offs between energy allocation to growth and energy storage (primarily lipids) prior to over-wintering. We determined classical morphometric (fork length, body weight and condition factor) and biochemical (whole body triglycerides, muscle RNA/DNA ratio, muscle proteins) measures of growth and condition in individual young-of-the-year (YOY) Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Grayling were collected just prior to over-wintering in late August (approximately 50 days after swim-up) from two natural streams and five locations within a 3.4 km long artificial stream constructed as a fish habitat compensation project and diversion channel for the diamond mining industry in Northwest Territories, Canada (64°45′N). Fork lengths, body weights and whole body triglyceride levels in grayling collected from all sites along the artificial stream were significantly lower than fish collected from one of the natural streams. Condition factor (weight-at-length) was not different among grayling collected from natural and artificial streams. Muscle proteins were lower in grayling collected from four sites along the artificial stream compared to the natural streams. In contrast, muscle RNA/DNA ratios were greater in grayling collected from two sites in the artificial stream compared to natural streams. There were no consistent differences in any variable among grayling collected at the five artificial stream sites or among grayling collected from the two natural streams. The higher RNA/DNA ratios and lower fork lengths, whole body triglycerides and muscle proteins in grayling inhabiting the artificial stream are consistent with energy still being primarily allocated to growth in these fish at this late stage of summer. Individuals that are both larger and possess greater energy storage in the form of triglycerides are more likely to survive the long over-wintering period at this latitude. Our results suggest that YOY grayling using the artificial stream as nursery habitat will likely face increased over-winter mortality, thus raising concerns over the use of fish presence, spawning and rearing as criteria for the initial success of artificial streams as habitat compensation measures in Arctic tundra regions. Further research is needed to determine the potential consequences of reduced size and energy storage in juvenile fishes in order to assess the viability of stream fish habitat compensation and restoration projects associated with industrial development in Arctic tundra regions.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土框架结构耗能分析     

叶献国  许政  常磊 《震灾防御技术》2011,6(4):448-453

本文从能量的观点,利用CANNY程序对普通钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了分析.通过对3种不同框架结构在不同地震动(31条)输入下的能量反应分析,研究了滞回耗能及阻尼耗能与总输入能的关系.针对本文模型的计算结果,给出了滞回耗能与总输入能关系的表达式,并初步探讨了其影响系数.研究表明,滞回耗能及阻尼耗能与总输入能之间有良好的线性关系.  相似文献   

基于城市化的中国能源消费前景分析及对碳排放的相关思考   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

樊杰  李平星 《地球科学进展》2011,26(1):57-65

工业化和城市化是中国未来的两大发展趋势.以往对中国未来能源消费及碳排放的预测大都是从工业化层面出发,忽略了城市化过程导致的生活能源消费的巨大增量.推动城市化进程是提升生活质量、满足人的基本权利的重要手段;立足城市化进程,保障人均能源消费及碳排放空间是确保人人享有基本的生存权和发展权的重要基础.从对中国城市化进程的发展态...  相似文献   

扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪在丹巴地区铂族矿物物相特征分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王坤阳  徐金沙  饶华文  裴眼路 《岩矿测试》2013,32(6):924-930

丹巴地区铜镍硫化物铂族矿床品位低、铂族矿物颗粒细、铂族元素间的类质同象普遍,此类铂族资源的赋存状态研究及矿石的选冶长期以来都是较为棘手的问题。本文采用扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪器组合,对丹巴铜镍硫化物铂族矿床中含量达到1‰的元素进行快速的定性/定量分析,研究了铂族矿物原位的赋存状态和形貌特征。通过扫描电镜观察到该矿床的铂族矿物主要为砷铂矿、锑钯矿、碲锑钯矿,其次以自然铂、硫砷铑矿、硫砷铱矿,呈椭圆状、纺锤状等形式赋存于黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿及蛇纹石中,部分以类质同象的形式存在,极少量的铂与钯元素呈固溶体形式存在。X射线能谱分析表明该矿床中主要的铂族元素为Pt、Pd,其次为Ru、Rh、Ir、Os; 点分析表明砷铂矿中Pt的含量为52.84%,锑钯矿中Pd的含量为45.15%; 线扫描和面扫描分析表明铂族元素主要分布在含铁的硫化物中,Pt、Pd等铂族元素的含量与铁、镍的含量成正相关关系,反映了丹巴地区铂族元素亲铁、亲镍、亲硫的地球化学特征。  相似文献   

焦家金矿主矿区金矿石的赋存特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

胡海祥  牛桂强  刘洪澜  刘海龙  王攀志 《岩矿测试》2013,32(6):931-937

焦家金矿带是莱州-招远金矿区最重要的金矿带之一,产状复杂且性状变化较大。以往研究主要针对矿物种类、载金矿物及其形状及嵌布关系等进行分析,缺乏对金粒矿物学、金矿物种类及金颗粒的成色研究。本文采用偏光/反光显微镜、体视显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等技术手段对焦家金矿主矿区深部开采的矿石样品进行分析,研究内容主要包括金赋存状态、金粒度、金形状、金矿物类型及不同大小金粒的成色特征。结果表明:载金矿物主要以黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化矿和石英、长石等脉石矿物为主。金赋存状态有裂隙金(64.82%)、包裹金(19.29%)、晶隙金(15.89%);黄铁矿、黄铜矿中金粒较大,连群分布占多数,脉石中金粒细小,孤立分布占多数。金矿物形状复杂,主要有球状金、三角形金、矩形金。金矿物种类丰富,以自然金、银金矿、自然银、含铁自然银为主,其次为金铜矿、螺硫银矿、碲化金银。金矿物粒度范围较大,大金颗粒可达到90~110 μm,小金颗粒只有2~3 μm。金银矿物的成色普遍较高,大粒金成色低,以银金矿为主,小粒金成色高,大都为自然金。本文丰富了焦家金矿矿物学研究的内容,为后续选冶工艺提供了调控依据和重要信息。  相似文献   

青藏高原冬季雪盖增大对夏季东亚大气环流影响的数值试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李海盛  余志豪 《热带气象学报》1998,14(1):70-77

利用二维非线性能量（Ｅ－ε）闭合的边界层数值模式,研究了中纬度地区海岸日间局地海风环流的特征,并对不同海风特性条件下的ＴＩＢＬ高度廓线用幂指数关系进行了数学拟合。对大量的数值试验结果分析表明,ＴＩＢＬ廓线幂指数（α）的取值与海风特性有关,其大小在０．４－１．１之间,α＝０．５只在海风充分发展时的陆上适用,文中还给出了不同海风发展程度（阶段）下的α取值。  相似文献