资源一号02C与Landsat8影像融合方法对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安萍  马世斌  张焜  王鹏  皮英楠 《测绘科学》2015,(11):57-62

针对以往关于资源一号02C和Landsat8卫星影像数据融合的研究不足的问题,该文利用前者在空间分辨率上高于后者、后者具有前者所不具有的光谱信息这一特性,选取主成分变换法、比值变换法、色彩变换法、高通滤波法和超分辨率贝叶斯法5种融合方法,分别对两种数据本身及数据间进行融合,并利用定性与定量的方法对融合结果进行评价,得出:资源一号02C星全色波段与多光谱波段数据融合结果中高通滤波法与超分辨率贝叶斯法效果较好,Landsat8OLI全色波段与多光谱数据融合结果中高通滤波法效果最好,资源一号02C星全色波段与Landsat8OLI多光谱数据融合结果中高通滤波法效果最好。  相似文献   

基于Landsat 8劈窗算法与混合光谱分解的城市热岛空间格局分析——以兰州市中心城区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李瑶  潘竟虎 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):111-119

在ENVI和GIS支持下,提出了基于Landsat 8遥感影像的地温反演劈窗算法,提取兰州市中心城区地表温度。利用FNEA和混合光谱分解法确定了兰州市中心城区的城市热岛中心、不透水面和植被盖度,分析了城市热岛空间分布格局以及地表温度与下垫面之间的关系。结果显示:基于Landsat 8数据地温反演的劈窗算法是可行的。兰州中心城区的高温区分布较集中,地表温度与植被呈较强的负相关,与不透水面呈不显著的正相关,与其他非光合物质呈正相关。  相似文献   

An approach of surface coal fire detection from ASTER and Landsat-8 thermal data: Jharia coal field,India     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Radiant temperature images from thermal remote sensing sensors are used to delineate surface coal fires, by deriving a cut-off temperature to separate coal-fire from non-fire pixels. Temperature contrast of coal fire and background elements (rocks and vegetation etc.) controls this cut-off temperature. This contrast varies across the coal field, as it is influenced by variability of associated rock types, proportion of vegetation cover and intensity of coal fires etc. We have delineated coal fires from background, based on separation in data clusters in maximum v/s mean radiant temperature (13th band of ASTER and 10th band of Landsat-8) scatter-plot, derived using randomly distributed homogeneous pixel-blocks (9 × 9 pixels for ASTER and 27 × 27 pixels for Landsat-8), covering the entire coal bearing geological formation. It is seen that, for both the datasets, overall temperature variability of background and fires can be addressed using this regional cut-off. However, the summer time ASTER data could not delineate fire pixels for one specific mine (Bhulanbararee) as opposed to the winter time Landsat-8 data. The contrast of radiant temperature of fire and background terrain elements, specific to this mine, is different from the regional contrast of fire and background, during summer. This is due to the higher solar heating of background rocky outcrops, thus, reducing their temperature contrast with fire. The specific cut-off temperature determined for this mine, to extract this fire, differs from the regional cut-off. This is derived by reducing the pixel-block size of the temperature data. It is seen that, summer-time ASTER image is useful for fire detection but required additional processing to determine a local threshold, along with the regional threshold to capture all the fires. However, the winter Landsat-8 data was better for fire detection with a regional threshold.  相似文献   

Mapping degraded grassland on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau with multi-temporal Landsat 8 data — where do the severely degraded areas occur?     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

The Tibetan Plateau in Western China is the world’s largest alpine landscape, sheltering a rich diversity of native flora and fauna. In the past few decades, the Tibetan Plateau was found to suffer from grassland degradation processes. Grassland degradation is assumed to not only endanger biodiversity but also to increase the risk for natural hazards in other parts of the country which are ecologically and hydrologically connected to the area. However, the mechanisms behind the degradation processes remain poorly understood due to scarce baseline data and insufficient scientific research.We argue that remote sensing data can help to better understand degradation processes and patterns by: (1) identifying the distribution of severely degraded areas and (2) comparing the patterns of key spatial attributes of the identified areas (altitude above sea level, aspect, slope, administrative districts) with existing theories on degradation drivers. Therefore, we applied four Landsat 8 images covering large portions of the three counties Jigzhi, Baima and Darlag in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The dates of the Landsat scenes were selected to cover differing phenological stages of the ecosystem. Reference data were collected with a remotely piloted aircraft and a standard consumer RGB camera. To exploit the phenological information in the Landsat data as well as deal with the problem of cloud cover in multiple images, we developed a straightforward PCA-based procedure to merge the Landsat scenes. The merged Landsat data served as input to a supervised support vector machine classification which was validated with an iterative bootstrap procedure and an additional independent validation set. The considered classes were “high-cover grassland”, “grassland (including several stages of grassland vitality)”, “(severely) degraded grassland”, “green shrubland”, “grey shrubland”, “urban areas” and “water bodies”. Kappa accuracies ranged between 0.84 and 0.93 in the iterative procedure, while the independent validation led to a kappa accuracy of 0.76. Mean producer’s and user’s accuracies for all classes were higher than 80%, and confusion mainly occurred between the two shrubland classes and between the three grassland classes.Analysis of the slope, aspect and altitude values of the vegetation classes revealed that the degraded areas mostly occurred at the higher altitudes of the study area (4300–4600 m), with no strong connection to any specific slope or aspect. High-cover grassland was mostly located on sunny slopes at lower altitudes (less than 4300 m), while shrubland preferred shady, relatively steep slopes across all altitudes. These observations proved to be stable across the examined counties, while the proportions of land-cover classes differed between the examined regions. Most counties showed 5–7% severely degraded land cover. Darlag, the county located at the edge of the permafrost zone, and featuring the highest average altitude and lowest annual temperature and precipitation, was found to suffer from larger areas of severe degradation (14%).Therefore, our findings support a strong connection between degradation patterns and climatic as well as altitudinal gradients, with an increased degradation risk for high altitude areas and areas in colder and drier climatic zones. This is relevant information for pastoral management to avoid further degradation of high altitude pastures.  相似文献   

两次华南飑线卫星亮温特征与强对流天气分析     

张华龙  肖柳斯  伍志方  杨慧燕  谌志刚 《广东气象》2020,(2):7-11,16

利用Himawari-8高时空分辨率红外亮温资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料,对比冷锋型和暖区型飑线个例("4·13"和"5·6")亮温特征与雷暴大风、地面强降水的关系,结果表明:(1)两次过程的云顶最低亮温、冷云区平均亮温差异小,但两次过程初生阶段云型不同,"4·13"与"5·6"相比,冷云顶面积较小、持续时间较短、移动速度较快;(2)"4·13"("5·6")的亮温梯度大值区主要位于冷云区东南侧(西南侧),与云团移动方向平行(垂直);两次过程雷暴大风与亮温梯度均具有较好的空间对应关系,亮温梯度增大超前于雷暴大风增强,可作为提前预警指标;(3)"4·13"地面强降水集中分布在低亮温区西侧,原因为风暴顶前移导致强降水与冷云区具有空间位置差异;"5·6"地面强降水则与云顶低亮温具有较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

2017年“海棠”台风影响辽宁不同区域极端暴雨成因分析     

杨磊  孙丽  王东东  陈传雷  王瀛  才奎志  张岳 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(1):1-10

利用常规观测、NCEP FNL、葵花8号卫星、GNSS反演大气可降水量、智能网格实况产品等资料,分析2017年“海棠”台风造成辽宁西部朝阳地区和东南部岫岩县的极端暴雨成因。结果表明：辽宁西部和东南半岛均出现区域性的极端特大暴雨,岫岩县小时雨强更大,最大雨强达到113 mm·h^-1,对流性降水特征明显。两个区域暴雨过程均受到热带、副热带、西风带系统共同作用,狭长型“海棠”台风沿着副热带高压西侧逐渐北上,并且与西风带短波槽相互作用,导致辽宁西部出现强降水,随后加强的涡旋系统后侧干冷空气与低空暖湿水汽输送带相互作用,导致岫岩县出现极端暴雨过程。热带台风“奥鹿”对副热带高压南落东退起到阻挡作用。两个区域均具有来自于南海的水汽通道,另外东南半岛也受到了“奥鹿”台风北侧水汽输送的影响。朝阳市和岫岩县大气可降水量值长时间接近65 mm和70 mm,异常指数最高达到3.0和2.5,表明此次暴雨水汽条件的极端性。辽宁西部降水期间动力不稳定更强,辐合层由地面伸展到500 hPa,而东南半岛降水期间上干下湿的水汽分布以及更强的冷暖空气交汇,有利于产生对流性降水。两个区域均受到多个中尺度云团的共同影响,朝阳地区初期降水由中γ尺度辐合线触发,后期台风在北上过程中与高空槽后部的干冷空气相互作用,形成的暖锋云系以及冷锋云系导致朝阳地区出现持续性强降水;加强的涡旋后部干空气侵入到暖湿水汽输送带中,配合岫岩县山区地面辐合线稳定不动,不断有积云触发并且直接影响岫岩县,导致岫岩县产生极端对流性暴雨。  相似文献   

世界各国静止气象卫星发展综述     

何兴伟  冯小虎  韩琦  康宁  郭强  彭艺 《气象科学进展》2020,10(1):22-29,41

首先阐述了美国、欧洲气象卫星组织(EUMETSAT)、日本静止气象卫星的发展历史,从自旋稳定到三轴稳定,从单一载荷到多载荷并行工作,新一代的静止气象卫星的时间、空间和光谱分辨率都大幅提高,然后重点介绍了我国静止气象卫星风云二号和风云四号,相比于自旋稳定的风云二号气象卫星,风云四号卫星的功能和性能实现了跨越式的发展,接着简单介绍了俄罗斯、印度和韩国等其他国家静止气象卫星的发展状况,最后总结了不同时期各国静止气象卫星的发展特点,这对我国后续静止气象卫星的规划和研制有重要参考意义。  相似文献   

On the Multiplicity of the O-Star Cyg OB2 #8a and its Contribution to the γ-ray Source 3EG J2033+4118     

Michael De Becker  Gregor Rauw  Jean-Pierre Swings 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,297(1-4):291-298

We present the results of an intensive spectroscopic campaign in the optical waveband revealing that Cyg OB2 #8A is an O6+O5.5 binary system with a period of about 21.9 days. Cyg OB2 #8A is a bright X-ray source, as well as a non-thermal radio emitter. We discuss the binarity of this star in the framework of a campaign devoted to the study of non-thermal emitters, from the radio waveband to γ-rays. In this context, we attribute the non-thermal radio emission from this star to a population of relativistic electrons, accelerated by the shock of the wind-wind collision. These relativistic electrons could also be responsible for a putative γ-ray emission through inverse Compton scattering of photospheric UV photons, thus contributing to the yet unidentified EGRET source 3EG J2033+4118. Based partly on data Obtained at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France.  相似文献   

Palaeoecology of a late Allerød peat bed at Godøy,western Norway     

Hilary H. Birks  Geoffrey Lemdahl  John Inge Svendsen  Jon Y. Landvik 《第四纪科学杂志》1993,8(2):147-159

A peat bed found under solifluction deposits on Godøya island, western Norway, accumulated during a few decades around 11 000 yr BP, at the end of the Allerød period of the Late Weichselian. Palaeoecological investigations showed a local vegetation succession on wet sand culminating in a mire community dominated by Carex nigra. Periodic flooding brought in sand and silt, which decreased as drainage was impeded sufficiently for standing water to develop. The surrounding terrestrial vegetation was dominated by Salix scrub, with some open heath and alpine habitats nearby. Apart from two aquatic species, the 29 insect taxa recorded are characteristic of alpine heaths, plant litter (under Salix scrub) and stream-sides. Their remains, together with the terrestrial plant macrofossils, were washed into the mire from nearby. Because the fossils are locally derived, the environmental reconstructions are of the actual conditions at Godøy at ca. 11 000 yr BP. Palaeotemperature estimates from beetles and plants are in agreement. The coleopteran estimates (Mutual Climatic Range Method) suggest mean July temperatures of 10–13°C, slightly cooler than today (13.5°), and January temperatures between +1 and ?10°C, similar to or much colder than today. Summer temperature estimates from individual plant taxa indicate that temperatures during the Allerød period were similar to today's, but estimates from the reconstructed vegetation and timber-line positions give estimates up to 3.5° cooler. Temperatures fell 2.5–7.5°C at the Younger Dryas. This abrupt and severe cooling initiated the solifluction processes on Godøya that buried the peat. The Godøy peat bed and its contained fossils provide a rare glimpse of Allerød biota and environments at the local (site) scale.  相似文献   

Community preparedness for lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualālai volcanoes,Kona, Hawai‘i     

Chris?E.?GreggEmail author  Bruce?F.?Houghton  Douglas?Paton  Donald?A.?Swanson  David?M.?Johnston 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(6):531-540

Lava flows from Mauna Loa and Huallai volcanoes are a major volcanic hazard that could impact the western portion of the island of Hawaii (e.g., Kona). The most recent eruptions of these two volcanoes to affect Kona occurred in a.d. 1950 and ca. 1800, respectively. In contrast, in eastern Hawaii, eruptions of neighboring Klauea volcano have occurred frequently since 1955, and therefore have been the focus for hazard mitigation. Official preparedness and response measures are therefore modeled on typical eruptions of Klauea.The combinations of short-lived precursory activity (e.g., volcanic tremor) at Mauna Loa, the potential for fast-moving lava flows, and the proximity of Kona communities to potential vents represent significant emergency management concerns in Kona. Less is known about past eruptions of Huallai, but similar concerns exist. Future lava flows present an increased threat to personal safety because of the short times that may be available for responding.Mitigation must address not only the specific characteristics of volcanic hazards in Kona, but also the manner in which the hazards relate to the communities likely to be affected. This paper describes the first steps in developing effective mitigation plans: measuring the current state of peoples knowledge of eruption parameters and the implications for their safety. We present results of a questionnaire survey administered to 462 high school students and adults in Kona. The rationale for this study was the long lapsed time since the last Kona eruption, and the high population growth and expansion of infrastructure over this time interval. Anticipated future growth in social and economic infrastructure in this area provides additional justification for this work.The residents of Kona have received little or no specific information about how to react to future volcanic eruptions or warnings, and short-term preparedness levels are low. Respondents appear uncertain about how to respond to threatening lava flows and overestimate the minimum time available to react, suggesting that personal risk levels are unnecessarily high. A successful volcanic warning plan in Kona must be tailored to meet the unique situation there.  相似文献