Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC）. Part Ⅰ： Sensitivity Study   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

丁一汇  史学丽  刘一鸣  刘艳  李清泉  钱永甫  苗蔓倩  翟国庆  高昆 《大气科学进展》2006,23(3):323-341

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center （NCC）, China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP （Institute of Atmospheric Physics） T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year （2001 to 2004） prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process paraxneterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme （MFS） and Betts-Miller scheme （BM） for convective precipitation, the LPMI （land surface process model I） and LPMII （land surface process model Ⅱ） for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE （turbulent kinetic energy） scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 （RegCM_NCC） has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.  相似文献   

MM5模式中城市冠层参数化方案的设计及其数值试验   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：15  

李晓莉  何金海  毕宝贵  李泽椿  王欣 《气象学报》2003,61(5):526-539

文中在综合国外一些较先进的中尺度模式城市作用参数化方案的基础上 ,从城市下垫面结构对城市边界层大气作用的物理机制及实际应用两方面出发 ,对城市下垫面结构和人为活动等因素对边界层结构的影响及中尺度模式中城市化作用的合理体现等问题进行了较全面的考虑 ,改进和设计出能够较全面、细致地描述城市结构对大气边界层动力、热力结构的影响 ,且适合中尺度模式结构特点的城市冠层参数化方案 (UCP) ,并实现了其与MM5模式的耦合。进行了耦合后的UCP方案及采用原城市作用方案的MM5模式对BECAPEX试验期间北京地区气象条件多重嵌套细尺度进行了模拟试验 ,并与观测结果对比 ,结果表明 :相比于MM 5模式中原有表示城市作用的参数化方案来讲 ,设计的UCP方案在很大程度上提高了MM 5模式对城市边界层热力和动力结构的模拟能力。  相似文献   

ENERGY BUDGET BIAS IN GLOBAL COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE-LAND MODEL^*          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Tao  WU Guoxiong  GUO Yufu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2003,17(3):287-306

The energy budget of the two versions of the GOALS model (GOALS-1.1 and GOALS-2) is described and compared to observational estimates.The results illustrate that the simulated surface net shortwave radiation flux is underestimated in the high-latitude regions while the surface net longwave radiation flux is substantially overestimated in that region,which results in the lower surface air temperature (SAT) of the polar region and the stronger negative sensible heat flux in high latitudes.The overestimated sensible heat flux from surface to atmosphere in the continents causes the much warmer SAT centers,which may be the reason for the bias of the model SAT. The bias that the simulated precipitation is less than observation in most regions is closely related to the underestimated latent heat flux over most of the Eurasian Continent and the oceans, especially over the subtropical oceans.It can be seen that the bias in the OLR of the two models lies in low and middle latitudes,where the absorbed solar shortwave radiation flux at the top of the atmosphere is comparable to the NCEP reanalysis,but much less than ERBE data.This indicates that the improvement of cloud-radiation parameterization scheme in low and middle latitudes is of critical importance to the simulation of global energy budget.The simulated cloud cover from the GOALS-2 model with diagnosed cloud scheme is generally less except at equatorial areas, especially in the mid-latitude areas,which causes the large bias of energy budget there.It is suggested that the refinement of cloud parameterization is one of the most important tasks in the model's future development.  相似文献   

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY WAVE BREAKING ON MIDDLE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高守亭  刘坤儒 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(4)

McFarline's gravity drag theory is simply reviewed,and it is indicated that the fault ofMcFarline's theory is that the effect of dissipation induced by gravity wave breaking on mean flowis not fully considered.Based on McFarline's theory,in this paper,the effect mentioned above iswell considered.A new dissipation coefficient D is calculated,and a relatively completeparameterized scheme of the influence of gravity wave breaking on meanflow is put forward here.This is a better parameterized scheme than McFarline's if it is used in GCM.  相似文献   

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY WAVE BREAKING ON MIDDLE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION^*          下载免费PDF全文

Gao Shouting  Liu Kunru 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(4):479-485

McFarline's gravity drag theory is simply reviewed,and it is indicated that the fault of McFarline's theory is that the effect of dissipation induced by gravity wave breaking on mean flow is not fully considered.Based on McFarline's theory,in this paper,the effect mentioned above is well considered.A new dissipation coefficient D is calculated,and a relatively complete parameterized scheme of the influence of gravity wave breaking on meanflow is put forward here.This is a better parameterized scheme than McFarline's if it is used in GCM.  相似文献   

HLAFS业务预报系统改进对比试验          下载免费PDF全文

闫之辉  朱政慧郝民　王雨 《应用气象学报》2004,15(6):706-711

该文以国家气象中心的有限区域业务预报模式为基础，在模式中引入了简化的混合相云方案，其中包括云水雨水的冻结、冰雪的融化等冰相过程；并把模式的水平分辨率由0.5°×0.5°提高到0.25°×0.25°经纬度网格。在此基础上建立了较高分辨率的同化预报系统，并使用实时资料进行预报对比试验。试验结果表明，改进后的降水落区预报有了明显进步，强降水中心的降雨量预报也有所增强，与原方案相比更接近于降水实况。  相似文献   

Turbulence Structures Over The Marginal Ice Zone Under Flow Parallel To The Ice Edge: Measurements And Parameterizations     

C. Drüe  G. Heinemann 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,102(1):83-116

Three aircraft-based studies of boundary-layer fronts (BLFs) werecarried out during the experiment KABEG in April 1997 near thesea-ice edge over the Davis Strait. The boundary-layer flow wasparallel to the ice edge and hence two independent turbulent regimescould develop in an identical synoptic framework, separated by thefrontal zone along the ice edge. The zone of strongest crosswindhorizontal gradients was typically 20 km wide, while the downstreamscale of the BLF was observed to be several hundreds of kilometres.For two of the three cases the investigation of turbulence structureswas possible and the results are given herein.Horizontal and vertical profiles of turbulent fluxes and other turbulentquantities are presented. A spectral analysis reveals the coexistence ofsmall-scale turbulence with roll motions. These roll motions can behidden or can be visible as cloud streets. The associated transportmechanisms are highly relevant for the choice of suitable averagingintervals for turbulent flux calculations and model validation.Parameterizations for the vertical velocity variance, countergradienttransport, sea surface roughness and eddy diffusivity are evaluatedand compared for this baroclinic strong-wind convective boundary-layerenvironment. Analogously, drag coefficients and bulk transfer coefficientsare derived from measurements.  相似文献   

一个用于气候模式的简单冻土过程参数化方案的建立和检验   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Zhang Yu  Lu Shihua 《大气科学进展》2002,19(3):513-527

在NCAR／LSM的基础上，发展了一个简单的冻土过程参数化方案，并使用苏联6个站的水气象观测资料考察了耦合了新方案模式的气候效应。在新方案中，加入了对含冰量的求解和在相变过程中的能量变化;并使用Johanson的方案替代了模式中原有的土壤导热率的参数化方案，考虑了含冰量对土壤水热性质的影响。原模式和改进后模式的模拟结果的比较得到，冻土过程方案能够合理的模拟土壤列中的能量收支及水热性质随含冰量的变化。随着入渗的减少和径流的增加，春季的土壤湿度减小。因此，热通量的分配和土壤温度也产生了相应的变化。  相似文献   

雷暴云中起电活动对动力和微物理过程的影响     

廉纯皓  郭凤霞  曾凡辉  甘明骏  黎奇  刘泽  张晓黄  蔡彬彬  张坤 《大气科学》2020,44(1):138-149

本文通过改变三维强风暴动力—电耦合数值模式中电场参量的引入条件，将电场带入积云运动方程及水凝物下落末速中，模拟比较了有无电场影响下模拟云的主要差异。在考虑电场的作用下，由于初期电活动并不剧烈，降水强度与云内风速变化较小；随着云中起电活动的增强，考虑电场影响的模拟云内上升、下沉风速均有所增加，对应时段的降水强度有明显起伏，但累计液态与固态降水量增加微弱；同时，闪电数目增多，闪电发生得更早，持续的时间更长，电场的影响是不可忽视的。模拟发现:雷暴成熟时期，由于电场力的作用，雹粒子瞬时落速变化的极值均超过10 m s-1，霰粒子瞬时落速变化极值也超过了7 m s-1。但强电场的区域较小，粒子下落时经过强电场区域的时间较短，所以落速极值变化不大，相比之下电场力对半径较小粒子的下落末速的瞬时改变更显著。电场通过对粒子下落速度的影响，改变了水凝物粒子主要源项的生成率，增加雨滴、冰晶粒子的生成率，减小霰、雹粒子的生成率，调整了三相水凝物粒子的时空分布，使云中水汽总量增加9%，释放潜热增加7%，为云体的进一步发展提供了内能。  相似文献   

中尺度山脉对流群的动力和微物理数值模拟   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘玉宝  胡志晋  何观芳  周秀骥  葛润生 《气象学报》1995,53(2):157-167

大山脉春夏季受太阳加热和地形抬升作用易于形成对流过程。为研究这类对流特点，在沙特阿拉伯ＡＳＩＲ山区组织了一个ＳＡＣＰＥＸ实验计划。本文应用中国强风暴实验室ＭＢＧ（ＭＥＳＯ—Ｂｅｔａ＆Ｇａｍｍａ）非静力模式，选取适当模拟通道模拟了该计划中１９９０年５月３日一次对流降水过程。模拟结果揭示了大山脉气流强迫与对流环流相互作用的一些基本特点，展示了大山脉对流过程多种复杂的宏微观特征及其生消演变。包括山坡激发对流，大对流对小对流的抑制，云自然引晶效应等，并指出在这类对流系统中ＣＣＮ浓度对其降水类型的重要影响。此外，本文还进行了采取细致的雹云微物理参数化和采用简单的暖云微物理参数化的对比试验，结果表明两者模拟的动力场差别甚小，而云形态和降水发展有明显差异。上述结果总体上与该个例外场观测一致。  相似文献