NCEP再分析资料和浮标观测资料计算海气热通量的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄艳松  宋金宝 《海洋科学》2011,35(12):113-120

对来自于美国国家环境预报中心公布的NCEP1、NCEP2 再分析资料和来自于定点布放在黄海北部的浮标观测资料进行了比较和分析。结果是： NCEP 再分析资料中的海表气象参数（风速、湿度、气温、海表温度）是可信的。在统计意义上, NCEP2 给出的海表气象参数比NCEP1 与浮标观测值更接近,而净辐射通量则是NCEP1 ...  相似文献   

吕宋海峡M₂内潮生成与传播数值模拟研究     

李欢  陈学恩  宋丹 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):16-24

本文在z坐标海洋数值模式HAMSOM中引入了内潮黏性项(Internal-tide viscosity term),将之运用到吕宋海峡M2内潮的生成与传播过程的数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:(1)在250 m以浅,吕宋海峡产生的M2内潮振幅于温跃层处最大,岛坡附近的内潮明显强于别处,且最大振幅可达到40 m左右;(2)M2内潮的生成源主要集中在伊特巴亚岛西北、巴丹岛西南以及巴布延群岛西北的岛坡;(3)海峡产生的M2内潮向东西2个方向传播。巴丹岛以西的西向能量在吕宋海沟斜向下传播,在到达恒春海脊附近发生反射返回海面,到达海面后再次反射回海底,在此过程中,有高模态的内潮被激发,不同模态间有相消干涉的现象产生。西传的内潮能量分为2支进入南海,产生于巴布延群岛西北的能量分支直接向西南折转进入南海海盆,而产生于伊特巴亚岛和巴丹岛岛坡附近的主要能量则以束状向南海陆架传播,在到达118°E后部分能量折向西南的海盆,其余的能量则沿西北方向传入中国近岸,陆架陆坡地形起着重要的耗散作用。伊特巴亚岛西北有最大的能量产生,向东北传入太平洋。在122°E以东,能量主要以束状向东南传入太平洋。  相似文献   

Low latitude dynamical response to vortex split sudden stratospheric warming: An Eliassen Palm Flux perspective     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2020

The present work extensively describes the tropical dynamical changes during the Vortex split Major Stratospheric Warming (V-MSW) event occurred in recent decades. For better visualization of high latitude influence of tropical atmosphere, in this study, we have utilized three successive major vortex split warming events occurred in winters 1984/85, 1988/89 and 2008/09. The realistic visualization of planetary wave activity and its tropical response can be achieved by using Eliassen –Palm flux as a diagnostic tool. The investigation reveals that the tropical weather shows significant changes in temperature, convection and wind circulation during the course of vortex split major stratospheric warming.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Drag Coefficient in Different Coastal Regions of the South China Sea Under Tropical Cyclones–An Observational Study     

袁金南  宋丽莉  陈雯超  植石群  毕雪岩  刘春霞  黄辉军 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(4):417-427

To investigate the values of 10-m drag coefficient (CD) in different coastal areas under the influence of tropical cyclones, the present study used the observational data from four towers in different coastal areas of the South China Sea (SCS) during six tropical cyclone (TC) passages, and employed the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method. The analysis of footprint showed that the fluxes at Zhizai Island (ZZI), Sanjiao Island (SJI) and Donghai Island (DHI) were influenced basically by the ocean, and the flux at Shangyang Town (SYT) was influenced mainly by the land. The results showed that the dependence relationships of CD on 10-m wind speed (U10) in four different coastal areas under the influence of TCs were different. CD at ZZI and SJI initially increased and then decreased as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the ocean. CD at ZZI and SJI represented the values over shallow water with seawater depths of ~7 m and ~2 m, respectively. Moreover, the critical wind speed at which CD peaked gradually decreased as the seawater depth became shallower in the coastal areas. CD at DHI and SYT decreased monotonously as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the land. CD at DHI represented the value over the transition zone from shallow water to coastal land, and CD at SYT represented the value over the coastal land. Meanwhile, the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method were compared at ZZI and SYT during TC passages. It was found that their CD values obtained by the two methods were close. Finally, the parameterizations of observed u* and CD as a function of U10 over four different coastal areas were given under the influence of high winds. These parameterizations of observed C may be used in high-resolution numerical models for landfalling TC forecast.  相似文献   

影响春季热带太平洋地区海温变化的动力热力作用分析     

赵鹤  颉卫华  吴统文  刘向文 《大气科学》2020,44(3):519-532

厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（ENSO）春季预报障碍是ENSO预测的一个难点问题,弄清影响春季热带太平洋地区海表温度（SST）变化的动力和热力作用对于理解ENSO关键区SST的异常变化及ENSO春季预报障碍成因非常重要。本文利用BCC-CSM2-MR数值模式,模拟产生一套1986～2017年间相互协调的逐月海表风应力、感热、潜热、长波和短波净辐射能量、海洋流场等观测代用数据。利用这些数据对影响海温变化的动力和热力作用及其相对重要性进行了诊断分析,结果表明:（1）与其他季节相比,春季Ni?o3.4区海洋表层温度（后文中用T_S表示）呈现出独特的先增暖后趋冷的不对称季节性转换特征,这一变化主要是由于影响T_S的大气风应力、海流以及能量净通量在春季均表现出明显的季节性转换过程。进一步的分析表明,热力作用对局地海温的季节性变化影响最为重要,水平平流输送以反向作用为主,其中经向平流输送起到了反向作用,不利于该区域T_S的季节性转变,纬向平流输送仅在春季转为弱的正贡献,浅层垂直平流输送对春季T_S变化的影响很小。（2）动力热力作用与T_S异常的变化倾向相关关系也表明,春季Ni?o3.4区热力作用与T_S异常变化呈现显著的正相关,纬向海流异常的输送项也表现为正相关,而经向海流输送项展现出由负相关向正相关转化的特征。（3）对Ni?o3.4区T_S变化的方差贡献分析结果表明,春季热力作用对T_S的异常变化的贡献达50%以上,相关系数超0.7,其次是纬向、经向平流项贡献,各占10%～20%左右,但两者作用相反,其他项贡献较小。  相似文献   

Effects of an Urban Park and Residential Area on the Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Flux in Seoul, Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moon-Soo PARK  Seung Jin JOO  Chang Seok LEE 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):503-514

The CO₂ concentrations and fluxes over an urban forest site (Namsan) and an urban residential region (Boramae) in Seoul, Korea, during the non-growing season (2–4 March 2011), the growing season (10–12 June 2011), and the late-growing season (22–24 September 2011) were analyzed. The CO₂ concentrations of two sites showed nearly the same diurnal variation, with a maximum value occurring during the night and a minimum value occurring during daytime, as well as the same seasonal variation, with a maximum value during the non-growing season (early spring) and a minimum value during the growing season (summer). The CO₂ flux over the urban forest did not show any typical diurnal variation during the non-growing season, but did show diurnal variation with a small positive value during the night and a large negative value during daytime in the growing and late-growing seasons due to photosynthesis in the urban forest. The CO₂ flux over the urban residential region showed a positive daily mean value for all periods, with large values during the non-growing season and small values during the growing season, and it also showed diurnal variation with two maxima at 0600–1000 LST and 1800–2400 LST, and two minima at 0300-0600 LST and 1100-1500 LST, and was strongly correlated with the use of liquefied natural gas for cooking and heating by surrounding houses.  相似文献   

Inertial waves in the ‘gulf of St Lawrence: A study of geostrophic adjustment     

C.L. Tang 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):135-156

Abstract

It is shown that inertial oscillations of significant magnitude can be generated by geostrophic adjustment in a shallow sea. Evidence of them in current‐meter data from the Gulf of St Lawrence is presented. The geostrophically unbalanced state required for the adjustment process is identified in the data by the occurrence of high accelerations of the currents. The difference between the inertial oscillations generated by different mechanisms, the intermittence and the frequency shift of the inertial waves are discussed.  相似文献   

Cross‐shore variations of near‐surface wind velocity and atmospheric turbulence at the land‐sea boundary during CASP     

Peter C. Smith  J. Ian MacPherson 《大气与海洋》2013,51(3):279-303

Abstract

Airborne measurements of mean wind velocity and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer under wintertime conditions of cold offshore advection suggest that at a height of 50 m the mean wind speed increases with offshore distance by roughly 20% over a horizontal scale of order 10 km. Similarly, the vertical gust velocity and turbulent kinetic energy decay on scales of order 3.5 km by factors of 1.5 and 3.2, respectively. The scale of cross‐shore variations in the vertical fluxes of heat and downwind momentum is also 10 km, and the momentum flux is found to be roughly constant to 300 m, whereas the heat flux decreases with height. The stability parameter, z/L (where z = 50 m and L is the local Monin‐Obukhov length), is generally small over land but may reach order one over the warm ocean. The magnitude and horizontal length scales associated with the offshore variations in wind speed and turbulence are reasonably consistent with model results for a simple roughness change, but a more sophisticated model is required to interpret the combined effects of surface roughness and heat flux contrasts between land and sea.

Comparisons between aircraft and profile‐adjusted surface measurements of wind speed indicate that Doppler biases of 1–2 m s^?1 in the aircraft data caused by surface motions must be accounted for. In addition, the wind direction measurements of the Minimet anemometer buoy deployed in CASP are found to be in error by 25 ± 5°, possibly due to a misalignment of the anemometer vane. The vertical fluxes of heat and momentum show reasonably good agreement with surface estimates based on the Minimet data.  相似文献   

MM5和ETA相似理论近地层方案对农田下垫面通量模拟比较研究     

王寅钧  周明煜  徐祥德  孙绩华 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,71(4):677-691

近地层湍流通量计算对于中尺度数值模式有重要意义,湍流通量的参数化是当前大气边界层研究的重要课题之一.选择青藏高原东缘大理观象台边界层通量观测系统,离线测试了WRF区域模式中的两种常用的近地层参数化方案(MM5相似理论非迭代方案A和ETA相似理论迭代方案B),并将参数化方案计算结果与边界层铁塔涡动相关法的观测值进行对比分析.在大理观象台观测场不同植被随季节交替的状况下,根据边界层铁塔4层高度风速拟合,发现近地层空气动力学粗糙度随季节变化特征明显.将拟合的空气动力学粗糙度输入模式参数化方案进行通量计算.结果表明:稳定度是影响近地层参数化方案精度的重要因素,在不稳定条件下方案B低估了动量通量,方案A优于方案B,而在稳定条件下方案A低估了动量通量,方案B优于方案A,两种方案总体来看误差不大.对于大理边界层通量观测场农田植被交替的环境条件,不同季节下垫面植被类型的差异,以及植被的稀疏对近地层参数化方案湍流通量计算结果的精度有显着影响.方案B考虑了空气动力学粗糙度z₀和热量粗糙度z_0h的差异,不稳定条件下感热通量计算结果在裸土或稀少植被条件下明显优于方案A.针对方案B不稳定条件下感热通量计算结果在裸土下垫面仍出现高估的现象,使用了Zeng等1998年提出的用辐射地表温度订正裸土下垫面感热能量方法后,计算结果也有明显改善.  相似文献   

Estimation of ground heat flux and its impact on the surface energy budget for a semi-arid grassland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

JinQing Zuo  JieMin Wang  JianPing Huang  WeiJing Li  GuoYin Wang  HongLi Ren 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(1):0041-0050

Three approaches, i.e., the harmonic analysis (HA) technique, the thermal diffusion equation and correction (TDEC) method, and the calorimetric method used to estimate ground heat flux, are evaluated by using observations from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) in July, 2008. The calorimetric method, which involves soil heat flux measurement with an HFP01SC self-calibrating heat flux plate buried at a depth of 5 cm and heat storage in the soil between the plate and the surface, is here called the ITHP approach. The results show good linear relationships between the soil heat fluxes measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate and those calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method, respectively, at a depth of 5 cm. The soil heat fluxes calculated with the latter two methods well follow the phase measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate. The magnitudes of the soil heat flux calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method are close to each other, and they are about 2 percent and 6 percent larger than the measured soil heat flux, respectively, which mainly occur during the nighttime. Moreover, the ground heat fluxes calculated with the TDEC method and the HA technique are highly correlated with each other (R² = 0.97), and their difference is only about 1 percent. The TDEC-calculated ground heat flux also has a good linear relationship with the ITHP-calculated ground heat flux (R² = 0.99), but their difference is larger (about 9 percent). Furthermore, compared to the HFP01SC direct measurements at a depth of 5 cm, the ground heat flux calculated with the HA technique, the TDEC method, and the ITHP approach can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 percent, 7 percent, and 6 percent at SACOL site, respectively. Therefore, the contribution of ground heat flux to the surface energy budget is very important for the semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau in China. Using turbulent heat fluxes with common corrections, soil heat storage between the surface and the heat flux plate can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 to 7 percent, resulting in a closure of 82 to 83 percent at the SACOL site.  相似文献