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41.
徐有生 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1997,(4)
高温高压下水和氯化钠溶液的物理化学性质研究徐有生（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词高温高压水和ＮａＣｌ溶液物理化学性质水和ＮａＣｌ溶液是地质上最常见的溶液，了解其物理化学性质有助于研究水溶液在地球内部各种地质作用和地质过程中所起的作... 相似文献
42.
Study on the Electrical Conductivity of 0.025 mol NaCl Solution at 0.25-3.75 GPa and 20-370℃ 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zheng Haifei Xie Hongsen Xu Yousheng Song Maoshuang Guo Jie Zhang Yueming Earth''s Interior Material Laboratory Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(3)
The electrical conductance of 0.025 mol NaCl solution was measured at0.25-3.75 GPa and 20-370℃. As shown by the results, the conductance increases with temper-ature, and there is a liner relation between the reciprocal of temperature and the logarithm ofthe conductance but their slopes are different at different pressures. The relations between theconductance and pressure is rather complex and there are some discontinuities: in the range of2.25-3.75 GPa, the conductance increases with the pressure; in the range of 1.25-2.0 GPa, theconductance is not related to the pressure; and at a pressure of 0.75 GPa, the conductance ishigher than that at the pressures nearby. This reflects that the NaCl solution has rather differentproperties of electronic chemistry at various pressures, and probably is an important cause forthe existence of the layers with high electrical conductance and low velocity in the Earth's crustand mantle. 相似文献
43.
Pathways and fate of road deicing salt (NaCl) applied during the 1994–1995 winter were studied for a 14-km section of a major highway that crosses the Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario. Total salt applications over the winter ranged from 29 to 74 kg m−1 of highway, and NaCl concentrations in snow banks adjacent to the roadway reached 9400 mg l−1 during the later stages of snow cover development. This salt was released to the ground surface during snowmelt. Sodium chloride (NaCl) loadings to soil from snow cover during the final melt phase were relatively uniform along the study section (3–5 kg NaCl m−1 of highway). However, the snowpack at all transects retained <50% of applied NaCl, and this shortfall probably reflected direct runoff and infiltration of saline meltwater from the road surface into the adjacent shoulder and right-of-way. Cation exchange with Ca2+ in near-surface soils most likely resulted in preferential retention of Na+ relative to Cl−, although total storage of NaCl in upper soil horizons by winter's end was <15% of deicing salt applications. An environmental tracer (18O) was used to trace movement of saline meltwater through the unsaturated zone underlying the highway. Average meltwater particle velocities at a site underlain by loam soils were 0.02 m d−1, and ca. 280 mm of water was displaced below a depth of 1.86 m over a 78-day period in the spring and summer of 1995. Sodium ion and chloride ion concentrations in water sampled in late summer 1995 at depths >2 m exceeded 500 mg l−1 and 1000 mg l−1, respectively. Approximately 75% of the net flux of NaCl below the upper soil was retained in the 0–2.8 m depth interval at this site, and results from more permeable soils traversed by the highway indicate an even greater penetration of the annual NaCl application into the unsaturated zone along the moraine. This saline water likely recharges groundwater in this portion of the Oak Ridges Moraine. 相似文献
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45.
通过盆栽法, 研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对甜叶菊移栽苗生理生态特性的影响. 结果表明: NaCl对甜叶菊移栽苗生长的胁迫表现为低促高抑的效应, 即0~44 mmol·L-1浓度下, NaCl处理对甜叶菊移栽苗光合作用和生长具有促进作用; 44~140 mmol·L-1浓度下, 甜叶菊光合参数、干叶产量、长势等逐渐下降; 大于140 mmol·L-1浓度下, 甜叶菊将不能存活. 低浓度NaCl胁迫下, 甜叶菊叶生长量增加, 而茎和根的生长量与其他NaCl胁迫一样, 表现为增长量降低. 甜叶菊通过增加叶生物量适应低盐胁迫, 是甜叶菊叶子的增产新机制, 为生物量的分配研究提供了新的佐证. 此外, 所确定的Na+影响甜叶菊生长的低促高抑的浓度范围, 为今后甜叶菊规模化和精细化栽培种植提供了理论基础. 相似文献
46.
The protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot Scophthalmus maximum was studied, and the optimal pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were determined for different portions of the fish＇s internal organs. The optimal activity in the fish＇s stomach was at pH of 2.2, while that in the intestinal extracts was within the alkaline range from 9.5 to 10.0. In hepatopancreas, the optimal pH was in low alkalinity at 8.5. The optimal reaction temperature was above 40℃ in stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. With increasing temperature, the pH value increased in stomach, while in the intestine, an opposite tendency was observed due to combined effect of pH and temperature. NaCl concentration showed inhibitory impact on protein digestion in hepatopancreas. The main protease for protein digestion in turbot seemed to be pepsin. Moreover, the maximum protease activity in different segments of intestine existed in the hindgut. 相似文献
47.
对单株砂培盆栽的半木质化枝条扦插生根的一月龄人生果（Solanum muricatum Ait.）栽培品种＂Xotus＂,每周浇两次200mL NaCl质量浓度分别为0mg·L-1和25mg·L-1的Hoagland营养液处理2个月,第二个月在控制空气CO2体积分数为（350±10）×10-6、（700±10）×10-6和（1050±10）×10-6的植物生长箱内试验。结果表明,人参果植株干物质生产量和耗水量受根际NaCl盐渍而下降,又随大气CO2升高而增加。根际NaCl盐渍能增大植株叶片蒸腾系数、根/冠比和干物质向枝干和根部分配的比例及积累量,降低根系吸收水分的效率和耗水量。升高大气CO2能促进叶片发育及干物质向地上部其他器官和地下部组织分配,增加总叶面积、比叶干重和各种器官中干物质增长量,提高干物质生产率和水分利用率。根际经25mg·L-1NaCl盐渍处理的植株,总干物质增长量和水分利用率相应下降50%～54%和24%～37%;与350×10-6CO2的处理的植株相比,700×10-6及1050×10-6CO2的处理分别使这两项指标提高到79%～106%和61%～88%以及133%～189%和99%～142%。大气CO2富集能改善受NaCl盐渍的植株干物质生产力、提高水分利用率。根际NaCl盐渍和大气CO2富集对人参果植株干物质生产和水分利用有生物互作效应。它们的共同作用会促进植株干物质的增长及叶片中合成的干物质向其他器官分配,提高干物质生产率和水分利用率,同时减少总叶面积、枝条和根系干重、根系吸水效率、植株耗水量和叶片蒸腾系数。因此,全球大气CO2富集将有利于该作物的干物质生产和水分利用。 相似文献
48.
G. M. Pennock M. Coleman M. R. Drury V. Randle 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(1):53-67
Many physical properties of rocks are sensitive to grain size and hence to the structure of grain boundaries. Depending on
their properties, such as deformation and transport behaviour, boundaries may be divided into two broad types, namely special
and general grain boundaries. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) is used to investigate the misorientation distributions
of grain boundaries and, more recently, to determine the population of grain boundary planes. Studies on metals and ceramics
suggest that the grain boundary plane, rather than the misorientation, is the key parameter when defining special and general
grain boundaries. In this study, the distribution of grain boundary plane orientations has been successfully determined using
EBSD for a slightly deformed, synthetic NaCl material containing 22 ppm water. Boundaries showed a preference for {100} planes,
which occurred with twice the frequency of a random distribution. The grain boundary plane distributions found in NaCl were
largely in agreement with studies on MgO. Grain boundaries, with a coincident site lattice (CSL) misorientation, also showed
a preference for {100} planes, rather than the planes of high coincident density associated with the CSL. Three main types
of boundary were identified, namely {100} twist boundaries, boundaries with {100}{hkl} planes and general {hkl}{hkl} boundaries.
As the properties of these three types of boundary differ, then the transport and creep properties in wet NaCl will depend
on the fraction of the different boundary types found in the grain boundary population. 相似文献
49.
实验研究氯化钠、碱度对罗氏沼虾仔虾的急性毒性作用。用概率单位法求出了其氯化钠2 4、4 8、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为 8.58、 5.32、 3.4 7、 2 .19g/ L;碱度的 2 4、4 8、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为 51.0 2、 37.0 7、 2 7.19、 2 1.54mmol/ L。对氯化钠和碱度混合作用的结果进行的方差分析表明 ,氯化钠和碱度对仔虾的死亡率影响显著 ,而两者的交互作用不显著。碱度 (AL K)与罗氏沼虾仔虾氯化钠 2 4、4 8h L C50 (S)关系式分别为 S=- 0 .12 78AL K+ 9.2 346 ,S=- 0 .0 715AL K +5.530 1。 相似文献
50.
利用H2O-NaCl-CaCl2体系水盐化合物和冰的融化温度计算NaCl/（NaCl＋CaCl2）比值和盐度的方程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guoxiang Chi Pei Ni 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):33-37
The composition of fluid inclusions in the H_2O-NaCl-CaCl_2 system has been generally graphically estimated using the melting temperatures of hydrohalite(T_(m-HH))and ice(T_(m-ice)).Here we present two equations that can be used to calculate the relative proportion of NaCl(i.e.,NaCl/[NaCl CaCl_2],or X_(NaCl))and the total salinity( i.e.,NaC1 CaC12,wt% )for fluid inclusions with ice as the last melting phase.X_(NaCl)can be calculated from T_(m-HH)using the following equation: y=(a bx)~(-1/c) where y is X_(NaCl),x is T_(m-HH),a=0.33124402,b=-0.031518028,and c=0.22932736.In the cases where only T_(m-ice)is measured and T_(m-HH)is not known,T_(m-ice)can be used as the maximum possible TIn.nil to calculate the maximum value of X_(NaCl)using the above equation.In these cases,the following equation can be used to calculate the maximum total salinity: y=(a bx cx~2)~(-1) where y is salinity,x is T_(m-HH),a=0.057184817,b=0.00078565757,and c=5.7262766E-6.Because the isothems in the field of ice are sub-parallel to the NaCl-CaCl_2 binary side in the H20-NaC1-CaC12 ternary system,the errors in salinity calculation introduced by the above approximation are small(less than 2 wt% ).A Windows program for calculation of X_(NsCl)and salinity is available at: http://uregina.ca/～chiguox. 相似文献