相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

姜弢  林君  李桐林  陈祖斌  张林行 《地球物理学报》2006,49(6):1819-1825

当测区噪声很强,采用组合震源工作仍然不能满足信噪比要求时,为进一步提高地震勘探信噪比,引入能形成定向地震波的相控震源.针对水平层状介质模型,对组合震源、相控震源地震进行了数值模拟,并定量计算了采用4,8,15,20单元的组合与相控震源地震数据的信噪比,同组合地震相比,相控地震使来自不同反射层的反射波信号的信噪比平均提高了154～990 dB.结果表明,相控震源地震得到的反射波信号信噪比高于组合地震,并且随着激震器数目增加,相控震源合成地震记录中的反射波地震数据信噪比明显提高.  相似文献   

闪电产生氮氧化物(LNOX)及其输送过程的模式计算   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

郭凤霞  言穆弘  张义军 《高原气象》2006,25(2):229-235

利用三维强风暴动力电耦合模式,模拟分析了一次雷暴过程中放电活动特征及平流和湍流对LNOX的输送特征。结果表明,在中部负电荷区域的上边缘,对应上升气流区外围、水平流场中心部位的区域,因为放电传输距离较长,所以强放电区主要落在这些部位,且向上传输。在负电荷中心区也有少数放电点,但传输距离较短。闪电产生的氮氧化物逸出闪道后,被云中平流和湍流输送,最后在弱流场区域内形成LNOX浓度中心,峰值达9×10-9。LNOX的输送主要以平流为主,但在云底层及雷暴消散阶段,湍流输送也起重要作用。在雷暴云消亡期,LNOX的峰值为2.7×10-9,比晴天值大1个量级。  相似文献   

西北地区一次沙尘暴过程的诊断分析及地形影响的模拟试验   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7  

王建鹏  沈桐立  刘小英  李明  薛春芳  孟小绒  宁海文 《高原气象》2006,25(2):259-267

以实况资料作初始场,利用改进的MM4中尺度模式对西北地区2001年4月8~9日强沙尘暴天气过程的位势涡度、涡度、垂直速度、螺旋度等热、动力物理量的水平和垂直分布特征进行了分析,发现各物理量场在沙尘暴发展的不同时期有着很好的配置,物理量量值及其分布特征的变化与沙尘暴天气的形成、发展、消弱的不同时期有着很好的对应。通过改变秦岭及河西走廊地形进行数值模拟试验,发现秦岭地形对此次沙尘暴天气系统影响很弱,而河西走廊地形对沙尘暴天气系统影响较大,河西走廊狭窄的地形为沙尘暴形成提供了有利的地理环境。  相似文献   

藉物理耗散技术改进强降水数值模拟的初步研究     

刘英  柳崇健  徐辉  赵永明 《高原气象》2006,25(4):651-657

利用PSU/NCAR非静力中尺度模式MM5V3,对影响我国北方一次非汛期突发性强降水过程实例,进行了三重嵌套模式区域采用若干不同降水方案(特别是采用显式微物理方案与积云对流参数化方案若干组合)的对比试验,在揭示物理耗散技术正是通过将模式水平扩散方案纠正到符合热力学第二定律的约束而使该中尺度模式的模拟精度和模拟质量获得明显提高的物理实质的同时,从一个侧面证实了数值模式引入第二定律对提高数值天气预报准确率的重要性。  相似文献   

球面距离计算方法及精度比较     

樊东卫  何勃亮  李长华  韩军  许允飞  崔辰州 《天文研究与技术》2019,(1):69-76

球面距离(角间距)计算是天文或地理学中极常用的计算之一,也是目标查找、锥形检索、交叉证认等方法的基础。数学上,通过球面几何可以直接计算出两点的距离,前人已经推导出了多个复杂程度不一的计算方法。但是由于计算机的精度有限,在进行数值计算时有舍入误差,导致公式计算结果出现偏差。对几个常用的球面距离计算公式进行了考察,测试并对比它们在不同计算环境下的精度与优缺点。此外还展示并比较了几种常用天文软件包、数据库的球面距离计算方法,以期有助于天文工作者选择适合自己当前需要的计算方法。  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of flow and morphology induced by a solitary wave on a sloping beach     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

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CFD modelling of a small–scale fixed multi–chamber OWC device     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have excellent potential as a source of renewable energy that is yet to be commercially realised. Recent attention has focused on the installation of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices as a part of harbor walls to provide advantages of cost–sharing structures and proximity of power generation facilities to existing infrastructure. In this paper, an incompressible three–dimensional CFD model is constructed to simulate a fixed Multi–Chamber OWC (MC–OWC) device. The CFD model is validated; the simulation results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results obtained from a scale physical model tested in a wave tank. The validated CFD model is then used for a benchmark study of 96 numerical tests. These investigate the effects of the PTO damping caused by the power take–off (PTO) system on device performance. The performance is assessed for a range of regular wave heights and periods. The results demonstrate that a PTO system with an intermediate damping can be used for all chambers in the MC–OWC device for most wave period ranges, except for the long wave periods. These require a higher PTO damping. An increased incident wave height reduces the device capture width ratio, but there is a noticeable improvement for long wave periods.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic forces on a partially submerged cylinder at high Reynolds number in a steady flow     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The hydrodynamic forces on the stationary partially submerged cylinder are investigated through towing test with Reynolds number ranging from 5 × 10⁴ to 9 × 10⁵. Three test groups of partially submerged cylinders with submerged depths of 0.25 D, 0.50 D, and 0.75 D and one validation group of fully submerged cylinders are conducted. During the experiments, the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinders are measured using force sensors. The test results show a considerable difference in the hydrodynamic coefficients for the partially submerged cylinders versus the fully submerged cylinders. A significant mean downward lift force is first observed for the partially submerged cylinders in a steady flow. The maximum of the mean lift coefficients can reach 1.5. Two distinct features are observed due to the effects of overtopping: random distributions in the mean drag coefficients and a clear quadratic relationship between the mean lift coefficients and the Froude number appear in the non-overtopping region. However, the novel phenomenon of a good linear relationship with the Froude number for the mean hydrodynamic coefficients is clearly shown in the overtopping region. In addition, fluctuating hydrodynamic coefficients are further proposed and investigated. These results are helpful to have a better understanding of the problem and to improve related structural designs.  相似文献   

Modeling of iceberg drift in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The paper is focused on the analysis of the drift of tabular iceberg observed in 2009 in the marginal ice zone of the North-West Barents Sea. Momentum balance equations are derived from the Kirchhoff equations describing plane motion of solid body in an ideal fluid. Field works performed on the drift iceberg and on the drift icenear the iceberg are described. Results of the field works and numerical simulations of the iceberg drift and rotation are performed and discussed. It is shown that acceleration of water flow around the iceberg has visible influence on the iceberg drift. Kinetic energy balance of drift iceberg is used to estimate the forces applied to the iceberg by the drift ice.  相似文献   

Uncertainty in marine weather routing     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Weather routing methods are essential for planning routes for commercial shipping and recreational craft. This paper provides a methodology for quantifying the significance of numerical error and performance model uncertainty on the predictions returned from a weather routing algorithm. The numerical error of the routing algorithm is estimated by solving the optimum path over different discretizations of the environment. The uncertainty associated with the performance model is linearly varied in order to quantify its significance. The methodology is applied to a sailing craft routing problem: the prediction of the voyaging time for an ethnographic voyaging canoe across long distance voyages in Polynesia. We find that the average numerical error is an order of magnitude smaller than the performance model uncertainty. These results illustrate the significance of considering the influence of numerical error and performance uncertainty when performing a weather routing study.  相似文献