油气藏埋存二氧化碳生物转化甲烷的机理和应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏小芳  罗一菁  刘可禹  帅燕华 《地球科学进展》2011,26(5):499-506

埋存CO<,2>生物转化CH<,4>技术是利用油、气藏中内源微生物,以埋存的CO<,2>为底物,通过CO<,2>生物还原途径合成CH<,4>的生物技术.此技术因兼备CO<,2>减排的环保意义、生物合成CH<,4>的再生能源意义、延长油气藏寿命和潜在经济收益等优势有着广泛应用前景.CO<,2>的捕集、埋存和油气藏生物多样...  相似文献   

Using existing scientific capacity to set targets for ecosystem-based management: A Puget Sound case study     

Jameal F. Samhouri  Phillip S. Levin  C. Andrew James  Jessi Kershner  Greg Williams 《Marine Policy》2011

Human actions have altered the structure and function of coastal ecosystems worldwide. In many locations, the overall portfolio of goods, cultural amenities, and supporting services provided by the marine environment has deteriorated. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) offers significant promise for addressing these issues because it is a comprehensive and integrated approach designed to reconcile conflicts and trade-offs among users of marine resources. A key step in the implementation of EBM is the establishment of target reference levels, or desired states, for indicators that reflect the status of the ecosystem. This paper reviews five approaches, borrowed from a variety of disciplines, to establish target reference levels for EBM. The approaches include the use of existing reference levels, reference directions, and reference levels based on nonlinear functional relationships, baselines, or social norms. Each approach is particularly suitable for EBM because it can be used alone or in combination with others to contextualize status for a diverse suite of ecosystem goals influenced by a wide variety of human activities. Perhaps most importantly, these approaches offer a prospectus for moving forward with EBM by using readily available information, motivating existing scientific capacity, and addressing trade-offs implicit to the setting of targets. This last point is articulated via examples of how each type of reference level might be applied in Puget Sound, WA, USA, where the efforts of scientists, managers, and policy makers have aligned recently in the interest of EBM implementation.  相似文献   

敞开酸溶-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量元素   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

黄光明  蔡玉曼  王冰  乔爱香  高孝礼  江冶 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):431-435

钨矿石和钼矿石具有丰富的共生或伴生元素,检测共生或伴生元素的含量有利于矿产资源的综合利用.在国家标准方法中钨矿石和钼矿石的共生或伴生元素含量是按元素分别检测,效率很低.本文在敞开体系中用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸消解样品,以7％盐酸溶解盐类,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定钨矿石和钼矿石中铋、钴、铜、锂、镍、磷、铅、锶、钒、锌等10种微量元素.选定了各元素的分析谱线和光谱级次,采用离峰背景校正法消除背景干扰,干扰元素校正系数法消除元素间的谱线重叠干扰.方法检出限为1.43 ～ 18.8 μg/g,加标回收率为90％ ～ 110％.经钨矿石和钼矿石标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本吻合,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)小于8％.该方法克服了碱熔引入大量碱金属元素以及可能引入杂质的缺陷,又不用处理钨酸和钼酸沉淀,能快速测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量共生或伴生元素.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Five Reference Materials and the Lombard Meteorite for the Determination of the Platinum‐Group Elements and Gold by LA‐ICP‐MS     

Sarah Gilbert  Leonid Danyushevsky  Philip Robinson  Cora Wohlgemuth‐Ueberwasser  Norman Pearson  Dany Savard  Marc Norman  Jacob Hanley 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(1):51-64

A range of independently characterised reference materials (RMs) for LA‐ICP‐MS, used for the determination of the platinum‐group elements (PGE) and Au in a sulfide matrix, were analysed and compared: 8b, PGE‐A, NiS‐3, Po727‐T1, Po724‐T and the Lombard meteorite. The newly developed RM NiS‐3 was used as the RM for the calibration of all LA‐ICP‐MS analyses and the measured concentrations of the other RMs compared against their published concentrations. This data were also used to assess the consistency of concentrations calibrated against the different RMs. It was found that Po727‐T1 and 8b produced results that were comparable, within uncertainty, for all elements. Po727‐T1 also produced consistent results with NiS‐3 for all elements. All other RMs showed differences for some elements, especially Ru in Po724‐T, and Os, Ir and Au in PGE‐A. The homogeneity of the PGE and Au in each RM was assessed, by comparing the precision of multiple LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses with the average uncertainty of the signal. Po724‐T, Po727‐T1 and the Lombard meteorite were found to be homogeneous for all elements, but 8b, PGE‐A and NiS‐3 were heterogeneous for some elements. This is the first direct comparison between a range of independently characterised PGE and Au LA‐ICP‐MS RMs.  相似文献   

加拿大海王星:科学、运行、管理     

王克林  Kate Moran 《地球科学进展》2013,28(5):521-528

加拿大海王星是世界最大的海底缆接科学观测网,于2009年开始运行.它连接了位于不同水深和不同海洋地质环境的大批观测仪器,把数据连续不断地通过互联网传给科学家和大众.海王星的建立是为了推动地震过程和大地构造、海底地下流体、海洋生物与气候变化、深海生态系统、工程和信息科学等五大科学命题的研究.为最大程度地推动国际合作,加速科学发展步伐,它的系统使用完全开放,数据全部免费公开,这在科学史上前所未见.这种全方位、全开放的复杂庞大的科研系统需要高超的管理方法和优良的学术环境.  相似文献   

阜新市海州露天矿区开采对空气质量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

汤育 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(1):32-35

利用遥感技术可快速、准确、大范围地监测矿山开发状况和了解矿区生态环境现状。以Landsat TM和CBERS卫星影像为主要数据来源,采用栅格数据、遥感数据与统计数据相结合的内业处理与外业调查相结合的技术路线,通过目视解译、人机交互解译、计算机自动识别等遥感信息提取技术和遥感影像处理,分析近20 a阜新市海州露天矿矿区面积变化趋势及近5a来对当地空气质量的影响。结果表明:阜新市海州露天矿矿区面积逐年减小,当地空气质量逐年优化。由此可见,露天矿矿区面积的减小对于当地空气质量的改善起到了一定的推动作用。  相似文献   

贵州喀斯特脆弱生态区退耕还林还草与节水型混农林业发展的途径探讨   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

梅再美 《中国岩溶》2003,22(4):293-298

贵州喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱,山高坡陡,水土流失严重,加之土层浅薄,土壤总量少,基岩裸露面积大,贮水能力低,以及岩石裂隙渗漏性强等特殊的喀斯特地表结构和水文地质条件,形成了湿润气候背景下的临时性干旱— — 喀斯特干旱,地表严重缺水,农业和人畜用水困难,从而加速了生态环境的严重退化。本文阐述了贵州喀斯特脆弱生态环境的现状与特点,提出了实施陡坡退耕还林还草的途径与对策,以及大力发展节水型混农林业的退耕模式。   相似文献   

Vegetation patterns and diversity along an altitudinal and a grazing gradient in the Jabal al Akhdar mountain range of northern Oman   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Katja Brinkmann  Annette Patzelt  Uta Dickhoefer  Eva Schlecht  Andreas Buerkert 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(11):1035-1045

Little is known about the effects of grazing on vegetation composition on the Arabian Peninsula. The aim of this study therefore was to analyse the vegetation response to environmental conditions of open woodlands along an altitudinal and a grazing gradient in the Jabal al Akhdar mountain range of Oman. The species composition, vegetation structure, grazing damage and several environmental variables were investigated for 62 samples using a nested plot design. Classification analysis and a Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were used to define vegetation types and to identify underlying environmental gradients. The relationship between environmental variables and diversity was analysed using correlation coefficients and a main-effects ANOVA. The plant species richness followed a unimodal distribution along the altitudinal gradient with the highest number of species at the intermediate altitudinal belt. The cluster analysis led to five vegetation groups: The Sideroxylon mascatense–Dodonaea viscosa group on grazed and the Olea europaea–Fingerhuthia africana group on ungrazed plateau sites at 2000 m a.s.l., the Ziziphus spina-christi–Nerium oleander group at wadi sites and the Moringa peregrina–Pteropyrum scoparium group at 1200 m a.s.l, and the Acacia gerrardii–Leucas inflata group at 1700 m a.s.l. The CVA indicated a clear distinction of the groups obtained by the agglomerative cluster analysis. The landform, altitude and grazing intensity were found to be the most important variables distinguishing between clusters. Overgrazing of the studied rangeland is an increasing environmental problem, whereas the plant composition at ungrazed sites pointed to a relatively fast and high regeneration potential of the local vegetation.  相似文献   

Depth–energy and depth–force relationships in open channel flows. II: Analytical findings for power-law cross-sections     

A. Valiani  V. Caleffi 《Advances in water resources》2009

In a recent work [Valiani A, Caleffi V. Depth–energy and depth–force relationships in open channel flows: analytical findings. Adv Water Resour 2008;31(3):447–54], the authors analytically inverted the depth–specific energy and depth–total force relationships for flows in open channels with wide rectangular cross-sections.  相似文献   

天然气水合物矿体三维可视化及其Open Inventor实现   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李攀  王明君  阎坤  杨毅恒  傅旭杰  夏立显 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(2):596-601

在天然气水合物的勘探开发过程中,三维水合物矿体模型的建立,可以定量地描述水合物储层的几何形态和地震属性参数的三维空间分布,并能进行水合物空间展布趋势的验证和预测.本文将Open Inventor三维图形软件包同Visual C++.NET绑定,作为开发工具,实现地震反演波阻抗数据矿体的三维雕刻动态显示、不同属性条件下的BSR曲面显示以及颜色表插值处理等功能.  相似文献