山西地震台网“九五”与“十五”期间地震定位方法对比分析     

张蕙  梁向军  董春丽  张玲 《山西地震》2010,(4):17-26,39

选取山西地震台网2007年1月至2008年6月产出的数据,运用“十五”和“九五”两种定位系统的的定位软件进行处理,对比定位参数之间的差异。初步认为,山西台网“十五”期间的定位结果是可信的,与“九五”的定位结果差异不大。JOPENS系统的单纯型法是比较优的定位方法,适用于网内、网缘和网外的近震;HYP2000法适用于网内近震。  相似文献   

基于AHP的新疆南天山西段中强地震预测指标体系及效能评估     

张琳琳  聂晓红  刘建明  魏芸芸  刘萍 《地震》2016,36(4):205-214

本文从新疆南天山西段地区映震效果较好的预测指标出发, 采用AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process, 层次分析法)建立了新疆南天山西段地区预测指标体系。 在此基础上, 应用1～9比率标度法构建相应的判断矩阵, 进而计算各指标的权重。 结果显示, 几项映震效果较好的指标中, 权重值相对较大的是短期预测指标中的形变异常和部分测震学参数。 同时AHP模型也给出了新疆南天山西段有无中强地震的综合判断指标Y, Y值可较好地反映新疆南天山西段地区中强地震的震兆强弱程度和异常可靠性, 当Y≥2.191时, 新疆南天山西段地区短期内存在发生中强地震的危险。  相似文献   

砂土中群锚锚周土体变形特性模型试验研究     

张昕  乐金朝  刘汉东 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z1):240-248

群锚是常见的基础形式应用较为广泛,由于群锚之间的相互作用,群锚上拔过程中锚周土体的变形破坏机制比较复杂。采用非接触式数字图像相关方法（DIC）对群锚上拔过程开展模型试验研究,分析了群锚上拔过程中上拔力-位移关系曲线特征和锚周土体变形破坏机制。试验结果表明,密实度和埋深对群锚上拔力-位移关系曲线特征具有显著影响,在相同密实度、相同埋深率下浅埋与深埋群锚与同条件下的单锚具有相似的上拔力-位移关系曲线特征;群锚抗拔承载力具有明显的叠加效应,且砂土密实度、埋深和锚间距等参数因素对群锚效应具有显著影响。通过变形场的研究,得出了砂土密实度、埋深以及锚间距对群锚效应的影响规律。  相似文献   

土壤质量评价国外研究进展   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

黄勇  杨忠芳 《地质通报》2009,28(1):130-136

土壤是人类赖以生存的根本资源。土壤质量涉及到动植物生产力,大气、水的质量和人类的健康,随着人们对自然资源和环境保护意识的增强,越来越多的国家和地区已将土壤质量评价工作作为实现可持续发展的一个重要方面。通过土壤质量评价,了解土壤管理和利用的现状,为土壤质量的改善及可持续利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。根据国外近10年的研究,总结了主要的评价指标体系和评价方法。评价指标主要包括土壤物理、化学和生物性质3个方面的指标。评价方法分为定性和定量评价,定量评价应用较广,包括土壤质量指数、土壤质量模型、多元线性回归、相对土壤质量法等。掌握和了解国外相关研究的动态,对于开展土地质量地球化学评估及土地的分等定级工作有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

Identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation using the augmented Lagrangian method     

T. K. Nilssen  K. H. Karlsen  T. Mannseth  X.-C. Tai 《Computational Geosciences》2009,13(3):317-329

Numerical identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation is studied. This partial differential equation arises as the saturation equation in the fractional flow formulation of the two-phase porous media flow equations. The forward problem is discretized with the finite difference method, and the identification problem is formulated as a constrained minimization problem. We utilize the augmented Lagrangian method and transform the minimization problem into a coupled system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved efficiently with the nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Numerical experiments are presented and discussed. This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway (NFR), under grant 128224/431.  相似文献   

Assessment of three temperature reconstruction methods in the virtual reality of a climate simulation     

Hans von Storch  Eduardo Zorita  Fidel González-Rouco 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(1):67-82

The performance of statistical climate reconstruction methods in the pre-instrumental period is uncertain, as they are calibrated in a short instrumental period but applied to much longer reconstructions time spans. Here, the virtual reality created by a climate simulation of the past millennium with the model ECHO-G is used as a test bed of three methods to reconstruct the annual Northern Hemisphere temperature. The methods are Composite plus Scaling, the inverse regression method of Mann et al. (Nature 392:779–787, 1998) and a direct principal-components regression method. The testing methodology is based on the construction of pseudo-proxies derived from the climate model output, the application of each of these methods to pseudo-proxy timeseries, and the comparison of their result with the simulated mean temperature. Different structures of the noise have been used to construct pseudo-proxies, ranging from the simulated grid-point precipitation. Also, one sparse and one denser pseudo-proxy network, co-located with two real networks, have been considered. All three methods underestimate the simulated variations of the Northern Hemisphere temperature, but the Composite plus Scaling method clearly displays a better performance and is robust against the different noise models and network size. The most relevant factor determining the skill of the reconstruction appears to be the network size, whereas the different noise models tend to yield similar results.  相似文献   

空间数据库系统的数据模型、存储方法及实现策略   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任美睿  朱春晓  郭龙江  张真子 《测绘工程》2005,14(1):44-47

空间数据库在天文、地理信息、城市规划等领域有广泛的应用,是目前研究的热点之一.详细介绍了空间数据库的数据模型、空间数据的操作、空间数据库上的查询及查询语言、空间数据库的存储方法,最后给出实现空间数据库的几个策略.  相似文献   

“Doing” Critical Geographies with Numbers   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Tim Schwanen  Mei-Po Kwan 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):459-464

Criticisms of quantitative geography have a long history in our discipline. Since the emergence of early Marxist geography, the advent of new theoretical traditions has been accompanied by sustained and sometimes vigorous critiques of spatial analysis. In this introductory article to the second focus section on critical quantitative geographies, we discuss the accuracy of some of the criticisms about the use(s) to which spatial analysis is put and about the philosophical presumptions underpinning quantitative geographies. We argue that spatial analysis and critical geographies should not be considered mutually exclusive of one another—although this does not mean that numbers and critical geographies are entirely comfortable with one another. We suggest that critical geographies cannot dispense with numbers and visualizations based on numerical information. We hope that the articles collected here will inspire geographers to engage with numbers and statistics to challenge inequality and imagine alternative futures.  相似文献   

Intimate Distance: The Unconscious Dimensions of the Rapport Between Researcher and Researched     

Steve Pile 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):483-495

To explore how psychoanalysis might contribute to the methodology of human geography, this article returns to Freud's experiences of psycho-logical analysis before he develops psychoanalysis as a distinct understanding of the mind, identity formation, and subjectivity. Going back over the early history of psychoanalysis, Freud's psychoanalysis can be seen as an attempt to solve a set of problems inherent in late nineteenth-century psycho-logical analysis. Thus, it is possible to cast his methodological solutions in a new light. In particular, this article explores the problems associated with the unconscious rapport that developed in the therapeutic use of hypnotism in the cure of hysterical symptoms, for both doctor and patient. Freud's techniques can be seen as a way to produce an appropriate detachment—or intimate distance—between himself and his clients. This intimate distance is instructive. As a corrective to certain trajectories within human geography, this article identifies five methodological propositions that might inform future research.  相似文献   

无人值守GNSS方法测定射电望远镜参考点          下载免费PDF全文

马小辉  张志斌  孙中苗  阮仁桂  柳聪 《天文学报》2023,64(2):19-83

为解决常规射电望远镜归心测量工作耗时耗力的问题,引入GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)同步监测技术实现了一种针对射电望远镜参考点的无人值守监测方法.设计了针对GNSS靶标点观测数据的归算方法,包括数据匹配、数据检核以及后续精度评估等步骤,并对2018年佘山25-m射电VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)望远镜的GNSS靶标点实测数据开展了数据预处理、解析与归心解算等,证明了该方法的可行性.结果表明基于该方法,采用单日内部分(5%)数据(约7600个靶标点),所测定的VLBI望远镜参考点的点位形式精度可达3 mm.总结了针对射电望远镜采用GNSS开展无人值守归心测量先行试验中的一些经验教训,明确了利用该方法测量过程中应该注意的问题,为今后更高精度射电望远镜参考点无人值守归心监测提供重要参考.  相似文献