序列衰减与余震激发研究进展及应用成果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

宋金  蒋海昆 《地震地质》2009,31(3):559

着重于序列衰减与余震激发,系统介绍了修改的大森公式、ETAS模型及BASS模型的最新理论研究进展及应用成果。修改的大森公式是迄今为止对序列衰减的最好描述,据此可对序列衰减特征进行定量表述。大森公式本质上是一种典型的现象统计模型,但由于其参数少、计算简单,并且确实能够反映序列衰减的总体特征,因而在实际中应用广泛。ETAS模型考虑了具有统计自相似特征的次级余震激发问题,次级余震激发强度与父地震强度有关,这在物理过程方面对大森公式进行了大大的拓展。由于考虑了次级余震的激发问题,ETAS模型不但在余震序列研究方面比修改的大森公式有了明显的进展,而且在诸如平静检测、余震群集剔除、背景地震活动评估、外因触发地震活动检测等方面也有诸多应用。BASS模型遵循修改的Bath定律,而ETAS模型遵循的是与父地震震级有关的相似率,这是BASS模型与ETAS模型的最大区别,因而相对ETAS模型而言,BASS模型是一种完全自相似的理想化模型,但目前基于BASS模型的应用研究尚不多见  相似文献   

Carbonate shedding and sedimentary cyclicities of a distally steepened carbonate ramp (Miocene, Great Bahama Bank)     

C. Betzler  M. Pfeiffer  S. Saxena 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(1):140-153

Received: 10 May 1999 / Accepted: 16 October 1999  相似文献   

宁蒗6.2级地震活动异常动态演变图像与序列主要特征     

刘翔 《高原地震》2000,(3)

:1 998年 1 1月 1 9日云南宁蒗发生了 6.2级地震 ,根据震前震源区及周围地区中小地震活动异常图像 ,分析研究了在区域应力场作用下 ,震源区介质由稳定状态进入非稳定状态过程地震活动异常动态演变特征。同时 ,根据序列参数 h、b值的动态变化 ,给出序列异常变化特征。主要特征为 :1 .地震孕育中期阶段 ,3级以上地震活动主要分布在震源外围地区 ,震源区高度平静 ;地震孕育发展至短期阶段 ,震源外围地震活动消失 ,震源周围地震活动迅速增强 ,且随着地震的逼近 ,地震活动逐渐向震源区收缩 ;至短临阶段 ,孕震区出现显著的小震群活动。 2 .宁蒗 6.2级地震在其 5.3级前震前 ,震群发育 ,震群参数 h值小于 1 .0 ,且随着地震的逼近 ,震群参数 h值逐渐减少、b值逐渐增大。 3 .5.2级前震和6.2级主震前 ,序列参数 h值均出现明显快速减小的动态异常过程。此外 ,5.3、5.2级前震后 ,其 2级以上余震衰减迅速 ,且余震又少又小。  相似文献   

淹没不整合型层序——一种特殊的加深淹没   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

符颖  韩林 《海相油气地质》2007,12(3):15-20

淹没不整合型层序以其凝缩层直接覆盖于层序界面上,即凝缩层+高水位体系域层序类型为特征,以不含有任何暴露证据而区别于层序地层学定义的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层序界面,成为碳酸盐地层层序中的一种特殊类型的三级旋回层序界面。以淹没不整合型层序的特征描述、鉴别方法和实例分析阐述了淹没不整合是一种旋回层序的特殊类型即加深淹没型层序界面。这种淹没不整合型层序在油气运移方面起着重要作用。  相似文献   

论辽河群层序的有序性     

方如恒 《国土资源》1993,(2)

从排列顺序、基本地层单位、稳定的岩性变化面或标志层、相变、层控矿床、褶皱构造六个方面分析,表明辽河群层序是有序的。辽河群遭受三次变形,即:下降阶段的下部构造层次的变形,有压扁作用和重结晶作用,形成广域流劈理和区域变质岩;上升阶段的中间构造层次(A)的变形,有重力滑动形成的不协调褶皱、顺层剪切形成的韧性剪切带与层内(片内)褶皱和水平拉张形成的拉伸线理与线状构造;褶皱阶段的中间构造层次(B)的变形,有局部出现劈理的平行褶皱与相似褶皱并存,伴生有逆冲型韧性剪切带和逆冲-推覆构造。这种两次垂直运动变形和一次水平挤压运动变形的构造模式是决定辽河群层序有序性的构造基础。流劈理不是拉伸、轴面片理、多期构造作用的构造置换等成因机制形成的,而是在垂直压扁下化学成因的产物,可称顺层片理或构造层理。流劈理的成因机制是讨论辽河群层序有序性的核心问题。  相似文献   

昆阳群层序与对比问题     

薛步高 《云南地质》2001,20(4):376-384

近年完成的1：5万禄丰幅，段七村幅，洼垤街幅区测成果，否定易门小街向斜及其核部禄表组的存在。段七村幅明确提出柳坝塘组底部细砾岩以微弱不整合覆于黑山头段之上，将该组原有的底部含铁砾岩贫铁矿层改划为澄江组，以不整合覆于柳坝塘组之上；洼垤街幅对石屏黄草岭组有效的认识，除保留原有黄草岭组外，对其下部含黄铁矿（马鞍山）和铅锌铜矿化（黄沙厂）的含碳酸盐岩地层，另新建车家城组，热水塘组，为滇中区下亚群出露的最低层位。这些成果，对将小街剖面建立的美党组之上的岔河组，清水沟组向东川，禄劝，安宁，晋宁，石屏等地对比推广，提出置疑。  相似文献   

多资料约束下的塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层划分与对比     

王坤  刘伟  黄擎宇  石书缘  王平  张艳秋 《海相油气地质》2016,(3):1-12

塔里木盆地寒武系露头分布局限、钻井数量少,给开展盆地尺度的层序地层学研究带来困难。以肖尔布拉克露头为基础,根据岩相发育特征及叠置样式完成了寒武系层序地层格架的建立。寒武系共发育8个Ⅲ级层序,18个Ⅳ级层序。井下录井岩性剖面精度低,难以满足层序划分的要求,基于Fisher判别分析,综合利用岩心及测井资料完成岩性识别;利用GR曲线的最大熵谱分析完成对泥质含量变化趋势的识别;利用地震资料上可识别的削截特征进行层序界面的识别。在多资料的综合约束下完成了井下层序划分。利用贯穿盆地东西向和南北向两条剖面上具代表性的10口钻井和1个露头剖面的资料,完成了台—盆尺度的高频层序对比,分析了等时格架下的地层沉积样式与岩相变化特征。认为总体上寒武纪地层由早至晚沉积速率逐渐增大,沉积中心向盆地方向迁移。层序类型不同,储层发育特征亦不同,层序界面处常发育优质储层。  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphy,sedimentary facies and reservoir quality of Es4s,southern slope of Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Thin-bedded beach-bar sandstone reservoirs are common in the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) of Niuzhuang Sag, along the southern gentle slope of the Dongying Depression. Here we report on the link between sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and diagenetic effects on reservoir quality. Seismic data, wireline logs, core observations and analyses are used to interpret depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. Petrographic study based on microscopic observation of optical, cathodoluminescence (CL), confocal laser scanning (LSCM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to describe the fabric, texture, allogenic and authigenic mineralogy of these highly heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs. The Es4s interval is interpreted as third-order sequence, composed of a lowstand systems tract (LST), a transgressive systems tract (TST) and a highstand systems tract (HST). On the fourth order, twenty-nine parasequences and seven parasequence sets have been identified. Sand bodies were deposited mainly in the shoreface shallow lake beach-bar (clastic beach-bar), semi-deep lake (carbonate beach-bar) and the fluvial channels. The depositional and diagenetic heterogeneities were mainly due to the following factors: (1) fine grain size, poor sorting, and continuous thin inter-bedded mud layers with siltstone/fine-sandstone having argillaceous layers in regular intervals, (2) immature sediment composition, and (3) even with the dissolution of grains and several fractures, destruction of porosity by cementation and compaction. Secondary pores from feldspar dissolution are better developed in sandstones with increased cementation. Grain coating smectite clays preserved the primary porosity at places while dominating pore filling authigenic illite and illite/smectite clays reduced permeability with little impact on porosity. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity in the Es4s beach-bar interval, it is recognized as middle to low permeable reservoir. The aforementioned study reflects significant insight into the understanding of the properties of the beach-bar sands and valuable for the comprehensive reservoir characterization and overall reservoir bed quality.  相似文献   

Unique vs. non-unique stratal geometries: Relevance to sequence stratigraphy     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The sequence stratigraphic architecture includes a complex array of stratal geometries with different degrees of stratigraphic significance. The ‘non-unique’ variability of the sequence stratigraphic framework (i.e., stratal geometries which are not diagnostic for the definition of systems tracts and bounding surfaces) is irrelevant to the workflow of sequence stratigraphy. What is relevant is the observation of the ‘unique’ stratal geometries that are diagnostic for the definition of units and surfaces of sequence stratigraphy. In downstream-controlled settings, these unique stratal stacking patterns relate to the forced regressive, normal regressive, and transgressive shoreline trajectories. Multiple controls interact during the formation of each type of stacking pattern, including accommodation, sediment supply, and the energy of the sediment-transport agents. This interplay explains the non-unique variability, but does not change the unique criteria that afford a consistent application of sequence stratigraphy. The distinction between unique and non-unique stratal geometries is critical to the sequence stratigraphic methodology. Failure to rationalize the non-unique variability within the context of unique stratal geometries is counterproductive, and obscures the simple workflow of sequence stratigraphy. This is the case with uncalibrated numerical modeling, which may overemphasize non-unique or even unrealistic stratigraphic scenarios. While useful to test the possible controls on stratigraphic architecture, modeling requires validation with real data, and plays no role in the sequence stratigraphic methodology.  相似文献   

仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) mtDNA三个基因片段的序列分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

李颖  刘萍  孙慧玲  马甡  高天翔  王清印 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(2):143-153

采用PCR技术对中国烟台、威海和莱州三个地点仿刺参的16S rRNA、COI、IrRNA-COI三个mtDNA基因片段进行了扩增和测序,分别得到了长度约为570bp、640bp和900bp的三段序列,分析了三个采样点样品的遗传多样性。结果表明,每段基因序列扩增均获得两种单倍型,已在Genbank中注册(注册号码:AY852278—AY852283)。通过比较,三个地点样品的序列差异不显著,无缺失、插入、颠换的现象,只有个别位点出现转换,其中16S rRNA序列最为保守,16S rRNA、COI、IrRNA-COI三段序列A T的平均含量为56·2%、59·2%、61·8%,均大于G C含量。三个采样点样品同源性为99·84%—99·96%。将获得的仿刺参DNA序列和Genbank中的来自东太平洋8个外群进行基因序列比较,结果发现,不同目、科的海参的序列差异显著。采用DNAsp统计了各类位点数;MEGA2·1分析了碱基组成和遗传距离,构建了系统树。系统树体现的分类关系与这些物种的形态学分类关系完全一致。  相似文献