Holocene development and anthropogenic disturbance of a shallow lake system in Central Ireland recorded by diatoms     

K. A. Selby  A. G. Brown 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(3):419-440

Three cores from two connected lakes in Central Ireland (Lough Kinale and Derragh Lough) were investigated using diatom analysis to establish the Holocene development of the lacustrine system, any local variations within the lakes and any anthropogenic influences. The study area was situated in a lowland location and the lakes were shallow, unstratified and interconnected. Litho-and bio-stratigraphical analyses of the lake cores and deposits beneath a mire separating the two lakes showed the changing spatial configuration of the lake system in the early Holocene and the separation of the initial lake into three basins (cf. lacustrine cells) and finally into two interlinked lakes. The evolution of the lake system is conceptualised as the development of distinct lacustrine cells, and its sediments have recorded changes in the physical (geography, depth and sedimentation) and chemical (water chemistry) properties of the lakes inferred through diatom analyses. The longest sequence, from the early Holocene, records fluctuating lake levels and these are correlated with geomorphological mapping and surveying of palaeoshorelines. The diatom assemblages of the upper 2 m of the three cores, covering approximately the last 2000–3000 radiocarbon years show considerable difference in trophic status and life-form categories. This is related to the location of the cores in the lake and also the distance from human settlement with particular reference to proximity to crannog (artificial island) construction and use. The most central core from the deepest part of Lough Kinale has the least representation of the human settlement and agricultural activity in the catchment and on the fringes of the lake, whereas the core taken from the edge of a crannog is able to identify when construction and use of the crannog occurred. The local nature of the palaeoecological response to human activity due to incomplete water mixing has the advantage of allowing the lake sediment cores to be used to determine spatially discrete settlement patterns.  相似文献   

高分辨率浅层人工地震勘探探测隐伏断裂实例   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

连玉平  张锦福  林松建  陈伟 《地震工程学报》2007,29(3):260-263

利用高分辨率浅层地震勘探反射波法探测了福建某火电厂场址内的隐伏断裂。结果表明断裂显示清楚,为一走向NE40~55°,上断点埋深为11 m和31 m,断距2~4 m的正断层,为工程避让提供较可靠的依据。  相似文献   

Numerical experiments on the generation of long ocean waves in coastal waters of the Buenos Aires province,Argentina     

Walter C. Dragani 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

A numerical model (two horizontal dimensions, vertically integrated) is used to investigate the generation of long ocean waves, ranging from 20 min to almost 2 h, at Buenos Aires continental shelf. The domain includes the Río de la Plata estuary and the continental shelf together and extends from 33.5° to 40.5°S latitude, and from 51° to 63°W longitude. Sea-level oscillations are modeled by forcing with passage of atmospheric cold fronts and atmospheric gravity waves. Both forcing mechanisms, which have been present during high activity lapses of long ocean waves, are mathematically implemented. After several numerical simulations, it is concluded that the pressure and wind fields associated to cold fronts do not generate long ocean waves in the area, though they do produce disturbances with periods longer than the tidal ones. On the other hand, it is so concluded that atmospheric gravity waves are an effective mechanism to force long ocean waves. Results obtained show that generation of long ocean waves is highly sensitive depending on the propagation direction and the phase speed of the atmospheric gravity waves. The long ocean wave event detected during the large-amplitude gravity-wave event of 13 October 1985 is successfully simulated. Finally, all our results suggest that atmospheric gravity waves are a highly effective mechanism forcing for the generation of long ocean waves in Buenos Aires coastal waters.  相似文献   

Ekman motion in shallow open sea in the presence of time-harmonic variation of water depth     

Kyung Tae Jung  Hyoun-Woo Kang  Ho Jin Lee  Mi Kyung Kim 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

The time variation of the wind-induced flow in a homogeneous unbounded sea region has been analytically investigated. The time-dependent Ekman solution in a homogeneous, shallow open sea has been further extended by taking into account the time variation in water depth which might be caused by either tidal motion or change in the mixed layer thickness. The solution approach taken in this study is based on the Galerkin-eigenfunction method originally developed by Heaps [1972. On the numerical solution of three-dimensional hydrodynamical equations for tides and storm surges. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege Serie 6(2), 143–180]. A series of calculations have been made with emphasis on the influence of the time variation in water depth upon the build-up of Ekman spirals in the presence of oscillatory variations in water depth. It has been found that two oscillations contribute to the wind drift current, the inertial oscillation and the depth-variation-induced oscillation; the inertial oscillation decays with time, but the depth-variation-induced oscillation remains undamped despite the presence of bottom friction. The presence of time-harmonic variation produces peculiar forms of hodograph with a curled or circular pattern according to the angular frequency of the water depth variation.  相似文献   

用综合物探方法对黎川大桥桥基隐伏异常地质体的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

熊章强 《华东地质学院学报》2002,25(2):113-116

运用地震反射波法、电阻率剖面法和电阻率测深法的综合勘察，对黎川大桥河西岩桥基的地质稳定性及隐伏异常地质体进行了研究。结果表明：河西岸桥台位置有长英岩脉存在，脉体SW侧比NE侧花岗岩风化更为严重。  相似文献   

Seismic Risk Maps of Taiwan Areasin the Period from 2001 to 2010     

Cheng Kuei-Hsiang 《中国地震研究》2001,15(3):311-320

INTRODUCTIONSeveMmethdsdPOtential analyslsfor medium－and short－termpredlctlon dl’l;lln shocks weredevelopedbaseduponthe pnnclpledInaccufatemeasurementoffOCfOCustheoryaMthepattemdmainshocks．These analytic methods can be used to predict strong earthop拙es In shallow layers on thesubducting plate boundeq In squeezed zones．More than a half of strong earthquakes In the world。located inthe shallow depth tthe suMuctingplate boundw In s仰eezed zones．This paPerfirst Statesthe philoso…  相似文献   

浅地层剖面仪在水域工程勘察中的应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

魏恒源 《华南地震》1996,16(4):73-79

扼要介绍了水上浅地层剖面仪的方法技术，列举了该法在浅海，内河和湖泊减种典型环境及相应的地质条件下勘测所得到的剖面记录及地质解释结果，指出了运用该方法所能解决的工程地质问题。  相似文献   

地下水浅埋条件下冬小麦和大豆土壤水分动态预报模型研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

毛飞张佳华  卢志光金之庆 《应用气象学报》2003,14(4):479-486

用统计方法和水量平衡法推导出江淮地区潜水蒸发经验计算模型。利用农田水分平衡原理分别在江淮地区建立了引入潜水蒸发量和没有引入潜水蒸发量的冬小麦和大豆土壤水分动态预报模型,并对这两种模型在地下水浅埋条件下的预报准确度进行比较。1980年的比较结果是:当预报时效为10天时,两种作物7个时段的土壤水分平均绝对误差前者为8.2 mm,后者为20.1 mm,平均相对误差分别为2.8%和6.8%。引入潜水蒸发量后,冬小麦和大豆土壤水分动态预报模型的预报准确度明显提高。  相似文献   

Restoration of submerged vegetation in shallow eutrophic lakes – A guideline and state of the art in Germany     

Sabine Hilt  Elisabeth M. Gross  Michael Hupfer  Harald Morscheid  Jens Mhlmann  Arnulf Melzer  Jens Poltz  Stefan Sandrock  Eva-Maria Scharf  Susanne Schneider  Klaus van de Weyer 《Limnologica》2006,36(3):155-171

One of the most serious problems caused by eutrophication of shallow lakes is the disappearance of submerged macrophytes and the switch to a turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state. The reduction of external nutrient loads often does not result in a change back to the macrophyte-dominated state because stabilising mechanisms that cause resilience may delay a response. Additional internal lake restoration measures may therefore be needed to decrease the concentration of total phosphorus and increase water clarity. The re-establishment of submerged macrophytes required for a long-term stability of clear water conditions, however, may still fail, or mass developments of tall-growing species may cause nuisance for recreational use. Both cases are often not taken into account when restoration measures are planned in Germany, and existing schemes to reduce eutrophication consider the topic inadequately. Here we develop a step-by-step guideline to assess the chances of submerged macrophyte re-establishment in shallow lakes. We reviewed and rated the existing literature and case studies with special regard on (1) the impact of different internal lake restoration methods on the development of submerged macrophytes, (2) methods for the assessment of natural re-establishment, (3) requirements and methods for artificial support of submerged macrophyte development and (4) management options of macrophyte species diversity and abundance in Germany. This guideline is intended to help lake managers aiming to restore shallow lakes in Germany to critically asses and predict the potential development of submerged vegetation, taking into account the complex factors and interrelations that determine their occurrence, abundance and diversity.  相似文献   

Multi-Layer Strain Rate Field Controlled by Netlike Plastic-Flow in the Lithosphere in Central-Eastern Asia     

Wang Sheng-zu 《中国地震研究》2006,20(3):326-338

INTRODUCTIONAccording to the“netlike plastic-flow (NPF)”continental dynamics model ( Wang, 1993a ,1993b; Wang,et al .,2001c) ,the continental lithosphere generally includes 4 tectonic deformationlayers frombottomtotop:the NPFlayer (i .e .thelowerlithosphere ,includingthelithospheric mantleandlower crust) ,the transitional weak layer distributed discontinuously (i .e .the so-called low-velocity/high-conductivitylayer) ,the shear fracturinglayer (i .e .the seismogenic layer inthe upperc…  相似文献