高空报文传输常见问题及处理方法     

韦肖林  韦丽英  文芳一  毛照军  赵琴 《气象研究与应用》2012,33(2):74-76

对全国三年来高空传输报文情况进行分析,指出报文传输过程中常见出错环节及问题,提出处理方法及应对措施,为高空气象业务观测员提供实用参考经验,确保报文传输的准确性和时效性,达到提高高空气象业务质量的目的。  相似文献   

基于GWR模型的中国中东部降水与海拔高度关系特征分析     

张铭明  李建  甘玉婷  李妮娜 《湖北气象》2021,40(1)

利用中国国家级地面气象站逐时降水资料,采用地理加权回归(Geographically Weighted Regression,GWR)模型系统分析了中国中东部暖季降水与海拔高度的关系,并将二者关系作为一种客观标准,评估了ECMWF-IFS模式对2017年暖季降水的预报能力。主要结论如下:(1)总体来看,中国中东部降水频率(强度)随海拔高度升高而增加(减小),二者在不同地区的贡献程度不同导致降水量与海拔高度关系的区域差异显著。(2)通过对比午后短时和夜间长时降水事件与海拔高度关系的差异,发现午后短时降水事件的降水量主要随海拔高度升高而增加,且以降水频率与海拔高度关系的贡献为主。而夜间长时降水事件的降水量与海拔高度关系的区域一致性较差。相较于午后短时降水事件,夜间长时降水事件中有更多站点表现出降水量随海拔高度升高而减小的特征,在大地形周边陡峭地形处的站点所表现出的此种差异较东部孤立地形处更加显著。(3)根据ECMWF-IFS模式的评估结果,模式能够较好地刻画出中国中东部2017年暖季降水气候态的空间分布特征,且与观测具有较大的空间相关系数。但从降水与海拔高度关系来看,观测与模式的空间相关性偏弱。此外,模式能够表现出降水强度(频率)主要随海拔高度升高而减小(增加)的特征,但绝大多数站点在模式中的降水强度(频率)与海拔高度的负(正)回归关系要弱(强)于观测结果。  相似文献   

A Study on Parameterization of Surface Albedo over Grassland Surface in the Northern Tibetan Plateau   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LI Ying  HU Zeyong 《大气科学进展》2009,26(1):161-168

The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year (January 2002 to December 2003) observational data from the AWS (Automatic Weather Station) at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau). As a double-variable (solar altitude angle and soil moisture) function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions (product and addition), the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.  相似文献   

基于RAMS/CFORS Ⅱ模式一次低空核试验放射性烟云扩散的数值模拟     

张彦  郑毅  王自发 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(6)

采用RAMS／CFORS Ⅱ模式模拟了一次低空核试验烟云的传输和沉降过程。CFORS Ⅱ模式是在RAMS／CFORS模式的基础上开发的,可用于对核试验放射性烟云长距离输送和沉降过程的模拟研究。模拟表明：对流层中低层的低压槽系统对本次低空核试验烟云的水平传输和垂直扩散起着重要的影响作用;烟云的长距离传输速度呈现出随高度递减而减小的趋势,在6000m以上,烟云在爆后48h即东移入海,6000m以下,烟云在中国大陆的扩散和沉降维持了5d以上;爆后2天内以大粒子沉降为主,其后以小粒子沉降为主,小粒子的放射性远小于大粒子,在爆后第4天,放射性沉降就减小了3个量级,而小粒子的沉降范围是大粒子的5倍以上。通过模拟和观测对比表明,模拟结果基本符合实际烟云的传输和沉降态势。  相似文献   

Effect of flying altitude and pulse repetition frequency on laser scanner penetration rate for digital elevation model generation in a tropical forest     

Chung-Cheng Lee  Chi-Kuei Wang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(6):817-838

In tropical forests, the penetration ability of airborne laser scanning (ALS) may be limited because of highly dense vegetation cover. However, in the typical planning of ALS surveys, the ability of laser pulses to penetrate forests is not considered. Nine round-trip flight lines covering the area of a tropical forest on the northeast side of the Tsengwen Reservoir in Taiwan were designed in this study. Five flight lines flew at altitudes of 1.525, 1.830, 2.135, 2.440, and 2.745 km, and the other four had pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) of 100, 150, 200, and 250 kHz. The laser penetration index (LPI) is a quantitative index measuring the penetration ability of the ALS and consists of the ratio of the number of laser pulses reaching the forest floor to the total number of laser pulses. The LPI was used to represent the laser penetration rate and investigate the influence of flying altitude and PRF on the LPI. The results showed that as the flying altitude decreased by 1 km, the average LPI increased by 10%, and as the PRF decreased by 50 kHz, the average LPI increased by 2%. The effect of the LPI on digital elevation models (DEMs) was confirmed by visual images obtained by DEMs at five altitudes. The DEM obtained at an altitude of 2.745 km was coarsely textured, whereas that obtained at an altitude of 1.525 km was finely textured. The in-situ height data obtained from the electronic Global Navigation Satellite System (eGNSS) were compared with the data of the ALS-generated DEMs. The results indicated that when the LPI ≥60%, the height difference between the in situ data and DEM data was not prominent. However, when the LPI <60%, the ALS-derived DEM could be higher or lower than the in-situ height; the largest difference between the two was 1.7 m. The LPI of a forest should be considered for ALS survey planning, especially when consistent DEM precision for large tropical forest areas is paramount.  相似文献   

青藏高原海拔要素对温度、降水和气候型分布格局的影响   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

张宇欣  李育  朱耿睿 《冰川冻土》2019,41(3):505-515

青藏高原平均海拔4 000~5 000 m,由于特殊的地理条件,生态环境较为脆弱,对气候变化非常敏感,并对周围乃至全球的气候产生重要影响。使用1961-2010年青藏高原温度、降水0.5°×0.5°格点数据,以及由GTOPO30数据（分辨率为0.05°×0.05°）经过重采样生成的陆地0.5°×0.5°的数字高程模型DEM,分析了青藏高原温度、降水受海拔要素的影响,并通过青藏高原区域79个气象站的数据进行验证,进而使用柯本气候分类和中国自然地理区划两种方法对青藏高原气候进行划分,探讨青藏高原各分区海拔要素对温度、降水的影响差异以及出现差异的原因。研究表明：青藏高原及其各分区的气温垂直递减率不同,是由于地形起伏不同造成的青藏高原热源效用不同;降水与海拔的关系不同,是由于各区域受控于不同的气候系统,造成干湿度的不同,因而最大降水高度带不同。  相似文献   

The vertical influence of temperature and precipitation on snow cover variability in the Central Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China     

Senyao Wu  Xueliang Zhang  Jinkang Du  Xiaobing Zhou  Ye Tuo  Runjie Li  Zheng Duan 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1686-1697

Seasonal snow cover in mountainous regions will affect local climate and hydrology. In this study, we assessed the role of altitude in determining the relative importance of temperature and precipitation in snow cover variability in the Central Tianshan Mountains. The results show that: (a) in the study area, temperature has a greater influence on snow cover than precipitation during most of the time period studied and in most altitudes. (b) In the high elevation area, there is a threshold altitude of 3,900 ± 400 m, below which temperature is negatively correlated whereas precipitation is positively correlated to snow cover, and above which the situation is the opposite. Besides, this threshold altitude decreases from snow accumulated period to snow stable period and then increases from snowmelt period to snow‐free period. (c) Below 2,000 m, there is another threshold altitude of 1,400 ± 100 m during the snow stable period, below (above) which precipitation (temperature) is the main driver of snow cover.  相似文献   

某铝土矿低空无人机遥感测绘成果精度分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘聪  贺跃光  陈帅  杜年春 《测绘工程》2017,26(1)

对于分布散、范围大的铝土矿区,传统测量手段及时获取满足精度要求的矿区测绘资料具有一定难度。采用低空无人机遥感技术,能够快速提供矿山建设所需要的数字线划图、数字高程模型及数字正射影像,实现矿山的数字化与信息化建设。结合某铝土矿测绘面积大、矿区地物要素较少的测绘特征,通过无人机影像快速空三加密以及DLG,DEM,DOM的制作技术,获得低空无人机遥感测绘成果。通过对解析空三加密点精度分析和GPS实测点检查,表明测绘成果满足1∶2 000测图精度要求。  相似文献   

察布查尔县土壤碳氮磷钾垂直分布规律研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赛牙热木·哈力甫  宋瑞清  艾克拜尔·伊拉洪  阿不都赛买提·乃合买提  迪里努尔·艾力  米日尼沙·买买提明 《干旱区地理》2018,41(3):582-591

以察布查尔县1 191~2 656 m不同海拔草原土壤为研究对象,研究有机质（外加热法,10.18~74.3 3 mg·kg^-1）、全氮（自动凯氏定氮仪,0.17~2.6 g·kg^-1）、碱解氮（扩散法,14.9 7~198.72mg·kg^-1）、磷元素（钼锑抗比色法,全磷：0.12~0.76 g·kg^-1、速效磷：20.7 4~153.64 mg·kg^-1）,钾元素（火焰光度计法,全钾：9.81~18.64 g·kg^-1、速效钾：659.05~1 001.45 mg·kg^-1）含量垂直分布特征。结果表明碳、氮、磷、钾均随土层深度的增加而降低;除钾元素外碳、氮、磷随海拔高度的增加而上升;相关性分析结果显示,0~20 cm土层中,海拔高度与碱解氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.838^**）,与土壤有机、全氮呈正显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.831^*、R=0.751^*）;有机质与碱解氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.988^**）,与全磷呈正显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.726^*）,20~40 cm土层中,海拔高度与有机质、碱解氮、全氮、全磷呈正相关,与速效磷、速效钾、全钾呈负相关;有机质与碱解氮、全氮成正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.867^**、R=0.970^**）,碱解氮与全氮呈正极显著相关（p < 0.05,R=0.914^**）,40~60 cm土层中,海拔高度与有机质、碱解氮、全磷呈正相关,与速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾呈负相关;有机质与碱解氮、全氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.884^**、R=0.966^**）,与速效磷、全钾呈正相关,与全磷、速效钾呈负相关;碱解氮与全氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.952^**）。  相似文献   

Dynamic Changes of the Bush Encroachment in Low Altitude Area of Ethiopia     

XING Yuanyuan  WANG Yongdong  YOU Yuan  SONG Qin  HARE Malicha Loje  JORRO Zinabu Bora  JIRMA Guyo Huka 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(3):281-289

Bush encroachment is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, and it has a serious impact on livestock production, especially in Africa where livestock is a primary source for the livelihoods of many people. In this study, methods of supervised classification and decision tree classification, and indexes of a land use change significance index (Ci) and a single land use dynamic degree, were applied to remote sensing imagery of Ethiopia for 1986-2016. The results show the dynamic characteristics of grassland bush encroachment in low altitude areas (pastures <1500 m above sea level) of Ethiopia in the 30 year period studied. The results revealed several interesting features of this phenomenon. (1) The area of bush encroachment showed an increasing trend, with a maximum of 3.74×10³ km² in 2003, which represented 68.97% of the total area, and declined slightly from 2003~2016. (2) Among classification types, the area of severe shrub grassland was the largest, accounting for 28.36-49.10% of the total area, while the area of moderate bush encroachment accounted for 9.77-16.68%, and slight bush encroachment accounted for 5.52-7.57%. (3) The expansion rate of shrubby grassland was 0.74% for the 30 year period, while the average annual expansion rate was 2.16% for the 8 years from 1995-2003. (4) Forest land and grassland were the two main land use types of shrub grassland transformation in low altitude areas and bush encroachment changed large amounts of forest land into grassland due to shrub grassland management. The results of this study provide basic data for revealing the impacts of development processes on subsequent bush encroachment and can inform better management for the sustainable development of grasslands in low altitude systems.  相似文献