A development of the lichenometric method applied to the dating of glacially influenced debris flows in southern chile     

V. Winchester  S. Harrison 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(2):137-151

Lichenometry is a dating technique that has problems relating to questionable assumptions. The development of a size frequency approach, previously used in attempts to resolve some of the problems, is described and applied to the dating of four debris flows marginal to the San Rafael Glacier in Southern Chile. This study provides examples of the development's application, its problems and directions for further work. The size frequency approach, based on new assumptions, uses parameters derived from population size frequency distributions of the lichen species Placopsis patagonica to provide relative and absolute dating for rock surfaces. Changes in the shapes of distributions suggest the relative age of populations. Absolute dating is based on a curve (spanning a 24 year time period) derived from mean diameter size/age correlations. A stratified random sampling design permits the use of inferential statistics. Standard deviations and confidence intervals show error margins, the degree of relatedness between neighbouring populations, and populations that are anomalous. One-way analysis of variance is used to indicate where populations may safely be grouped. The size frequency approach appears to be particularly suitable for use on unstable debris flows where secondary movements are common. The approach also demonstrates that lichen growth and colonization are sensitive to aspect differences and other variations in microhabitat.  相似文献   

Application of a generalized power transformation to geochemical data   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. J. Howarth  S. A. M. Earle 《Mathematical Geology》1979,11(1):45-62

In the context of analysis of variance, Box and Cox (1964) developed a generalized technique for power transformation of frequency distributions to normality. It is here applied to geochemical data, based on the nonlinear optimization of skewness and kurtosis. The transform appears to be particularly well suited to the preprocessing of geochemical data prior to multivariate analysis.  相似文献   

基于双频磁共振的未知拉莫尔频率地下水探测方法          下载免费PDF全文

刘健楠  田宝凤  嵇艳鞠  蒋川东 《地球物理学报》1954,63(11):4244-4255

在利用地面磁共振方法进行地下水探测时,要求发射频率与拉莫尔（Larmor）频率相同.由于地磁场的不均匀性和噪声干扰,实际测量时无法获得准确的Larmor频率,导致发生偏共振现象.如果假设磁共振或频率偏量未知时,反演得到的含水量和弛豫时间（T₂^*）将存在较大误差.为了解决未知Larmor频率情况下的准确探测问题,本文在频率环测量方案的基础上提出了双频磁共振探测方法,即只需知道Larmor频率的范围区间,通过区间外的两个频率进行偏共振激发,利用频率差值的一半作为频率偏量计算核函数,即可消除未知Larmor频率的影响.通过仿真实验,证明了在电阻率大于100 Ωm时,双频磁共振和偏共振的核函数偏差较小.对于双层含水层模型,双频磁共振和偏共振的信号偏差小于3 nV,因此得到双频磁共振信号可以用偏共振核函数进行反演.通过对假设磁共振、假设偏共振和双频磁共振反演结果的对比,可以得到在未知频率偏量和设定频率偏量改变时,双频磁共振均能得到准确的反演结果.但是,当环境噪声增加和电阻率降低时,反演结果的准确度降低.最后,通过长春市烧锅镇采集数据的反演结果与已知钻探资料进行对比,验证了双频磁共振探测方法的有效性和准确性.  相似文献   

Characteristic frequencies for earthquake families and their tectonic implications: Evidence from earthquake swarms in the kanto district,Japan     

Masaru Tsujiura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(4):573-600

Through the analyses of waveform and spectrum for two swarm sequences in the Kanto District, including the results from 15 earthquake swarsm obtained previously, the mechanism of the faulting process in earthquake swarms is clarified in more detail. Earthquakes occurring in short time intervals consist mainly of events with similar waveforms andS-P times. These are called “earthquake families,” and many families are observed during a swarm sequence (70–80 percent); for example, 15 families were observed in the 1983 Izu Peninsula earthquake swarm. The source spectra of earthquake families share the same corner frequency, even though their low-frequency levels may differ by a factor as great as 1000, and the value of the corner frequency depends on the size of the largest event in the family. Local variations of corner frequencies within a factor of 25 are found among the earthquake swarms in the Kanto District. These observations suggest the existence of a characteristic fault length depending on the swarm area, and its length may be responsible for the size of the largest event in the family. The characteristic fault length is about 100 m for Ashio, about 400 m for the Izu Peninsula and about 2.5 km for areas off the Chiba Prefecture, and the magnitudes of the largest events expected from these fault lengths are about 2.5, 4, and 6, respectively.  相似文献   

川西浅层储层地震“低频、强振幅”形成机理及陷井分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黎家盆 《物探化探计算技术》2003,25(3):193-196

在川西地区浅层油气勘探开发过程中,已总结出地震“低频、强振幅”油气预测模式,并早已应用于勘探中。随着该区勘探开发程度的提高,该模式作为已成熟的油气预测方法在一些地区出现了预测失误。这里经分析了地震“低频、强振幅”的形成机理后总结出了模式预测中典型的“陷井”,并提出了降低模式预测风险的附加条件。  相似文献   

陕西泾阳地区的地震活动与冯村水库关系探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

毛娟  邢西淳  邵辉成  王军儒 《地震工程学报》2003,25(4):370-373

根据微震相对额度原理提取微震信息,分析了泾阳震群的活动特征．应用相关分析法探讨了泾阳地区的震群活动与冯村水库库容变化和口镇-关山断裂活动的关系,认为泾阳地区的震群活动是构造地震,是区域应力场控制的结果,与水库无关．  相似文献   

多通道时间传递接收机NTSCGPS-1的研制与测试   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高玉平  漆溢  王正明 《全球定位系统》2004,29(2):16-20

近20年来，GPS共视(GPS CV)技术作为一种主要技术被用于TAI时间比对。GPS时间传递接收机是进行GPSCV时间比对的主要设备。介绍了中科院国家授时中心采用Motorola VP Oncore GPS OEM板、GT200计数器研发的高精度、多通道GIPS时间传递接收机NTscGPS-1的原理和特点。并通过实际观测数据分析，认为NTSCGPS-1的观测噪声水平与其它时间传递接收机相当，并有较好的兼客性。  相似文献   

Use of Systematic, Palaeoflood and Historical Data for the Improvement of Flood Risk Estimation. Review of Scientific Methods   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gerardo Benito  Michel Lang  Mariano Barriendos  M. Carmen Llasat  Felix Francés  Taha Ouarda  Varyl Thorndycraft  Yehouda Enzel  Andras Bardossy  Denis Coeur  Bernard Bobée 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(3):623-643

The catastrophic floods recently occurring in Europe warn of the critical need forhydrologic data on floods over long-time scales. Palaeoflood techniques provideinformation on hydrologic variability and extreme floods over long-time intervals(100 to 10,000 yr) and may be used in combination with historical flood data (last1,000 yr) and the gauge record (last 30–50 yr). In this paper, advantages anduncertainties related to the reconstruction of palaeofloods in different geomorphologicalsettings and historical floods using different documentary sources are described.Systematic and non-systematic data can be combined in the flood frequency analysisusing different methods for the adjustment of distribution functions. Technical toolsintegrating multidisciplinary approaches (geologic, historical, hydraulic and statistical)on extreme flood risk assessment are discussed. A discussion on the potential theoreticalbases for solving the problem of dealing with non-systematic and non-stationary data ispresented. This methodology is being developed using new methodological approachesapplied to European countries as a part of a European Commission funded project (SPHERE).  相似文献   

Estimation of debris‐flow magnitude in the Eastern Italian Alps     

Lorenzo Marchi  Vincenzo D'Agostino 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(2):207-220

The estimation of debris‐?ow magnitude is an essential step in the assessment of debris‐?ow hazard. Although different methods have been developed for the assessment of debris‐?ow magnitude, this is still a dif?cult task because of the complexity of ?ow processes and the lack of data to test estimation procedures in many mountainous regions. Data on debris‐?ow magnitude from 127 basins in the Eastern Italian Alps have been collected from scienti?c and technical journals, technical reports, historical documents gathered from local archives, and ?eld surveys. These data were used to develop and test different predictive approaches, encompassing regression equations, geomorphological surveys and probabilistic analysis of time series. Regression techniques were used to correlate debris‐?ow magnitude to morphometric parameters and geological characteristics of the basins. Values of the channel debris yield rate (contribution per unit length of channel), proposed in the literature, were compared with data from the study area for identifying reference values for channel stretches of different morphological characteristics. Although limited to the few basins in which suf?cient data were available, the probabilistic analysis of time series of debris‐?ow magnitude provides indications about the relations between magnitude and frequency of debris ?ows. Some observations about the capability and drawbacks of considered methods are presented and the combined use of different approaches for the estimation of debris‐?ow magnitude is suggested. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

盐源5.8级地震二滩坝顶加速度时程的傅氏谱特征     

朱建钢  赖敏  黎大虎  周朝晖 《四川地震》2004,(1):22-26

介绍了盐源5．8级地震二滩大坝顶部的加速度时程及傅氏谱。由于该傅氏谱形态非常特异，为确认其正确性，特别从国内外数十条强震记录中归纳出了“加速度傅氏谱的基本结构为其时程疏密相间的‘节拍’所决定”的结论，并予以了数学解释。  相似文献