基于光谱和纹理特征的ALOS影像土地利用信息提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘恩勤  周万村  周介铭  莫开林 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(4):51-54,113

针对高分辨率遥感影像易于反映地物纹理特征的特点,综合利用地物的光谱和纹理特征进行分类,探讨适用于ALOS影像的土地利用信息提取方法。以川东丘陵地区影像为例,基于GLCM提取纹理信息,将提取的纹理特征向量采用赋权值法融合为一个综合纹理信息波段,然后采用面向对象法将其与光谱特征信息共同参与分类。与最大似然法的提取结果对比表明,考虑了纹理特征的面向对象分类方法能明显提高分类精度,Kappa精度提高了0.12;避免了椒盐现象,分割的地类边界具有更好的语义表达,更贴合地物实际分布特征;建筑用地和林地具有明显的纹理特征,而旱地纹理特征不明显。该方法不仅分出了6个基本地物类型,而且对于林地、建筑用地等类型还能进一步细分。  相似文献   

基于判别空间条件熵加权的土地覆盖分类方法研究     

游炯  张景雄 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(1):59-64,2

针对遥感专题类别信息的机理问题,从土地覆盖参考数据的偏差程度对分类精度的影响角度,提出了一种基于判别空间条件熵加权的土地覆盖分类方法。引入判别空间模型概念,基于此模型生成土地覆盖数据类别,并分析了土地覆盖信息类别与数据类别的语义偏差出现的深层次原因;计算信息类别与数据类别的对应关系矩阵,据此得到二者的条件熵,实现对土地覆盖信息类别与数据类别的语义偏差的量化;根据信息类别与数据类别的条件熵计算修正判别变量的权重因子,实现基于判别空间条件熵加权的土地覆盖分类。采用一景SPOT-5影像进行分类实验,并利用同一地区的Landsat 5TM影像进行方法验证。实验表明,条件熵加权修正方法使土地覆盖分类精度有了显著提高,并对不同分辨率的遥感影像具有适用性。  相似文献   

Progress in spectral studies of the FBS blue stellar objects     

P. K. Sinamyan  A. M. Mickaelian 《Astrophysics》2009,52(1):76-87

Spectral observations of 10 FBS blue stellar objects (BSO) with the OHP 1.93-m and BAO 2.6.m telescopes are reported, and overall progress in all the spectral observations and classifications of FBS BSO over 1987–2000 and in the classification of these objects based on all the accessible sources-- in all, 753 out of 1103 objects-- is discussed. Representative slit spectra for the major types of objects are presented and compared with digitized low dispersion spectra from the DFBS. The nature of the FBS objects is examined in terms of advances in the spectral studies. Two-color diagrams are constructed from the SDSS data and are used to find the regions occupied by the various types for further identification of objects of unknown type. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 85–97 (February 2009).  相似文献   

Simulation Study About the Influence of Atmospheric Stratification on Lightning Activities          下载免费PDF全文

ZHENG Dong  ZHANG Yijun  LU Weitao  MA Ming  MENG Qing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(1):78-90

A 2D model about charging and discharging processes in thundercloud is used to simulate three differential atmospheric stratifications resulting in discrepant thunderstorm processes in Beijing region. The dynamic and microphysical processes in thunderstorm and their influence on lightning activities are also discussed.The results indicate that ascending velocity and water vapor axe the most important factors to influence lightning activities. At the same time, they affect each other and are together controlled by atmospheric stratification. The magnitude of the ascending velocity determines the intensity of storm and the time when the thunderstorm matured. The thunderstorm with strong updrafts can reach a large height in a short time. Strong persistent updrafts and sufficient water vapor which help to generate more ice phase hydrometeors that directly influence charging and discharging process will prolong the mature stage of the thunderstorm and thereby enhance lightning activities. Though the big density of ice phase hydrometeors can be formed, it is difficult to sustain a long time in the condition of strong updrafts and scant water vapor. Under the condition of weak updrafts and suffcient water vapor in the whole levels, it is easy to form warm cloud process in which the ice phase process and lightning activities are weak. The favorable stratification conditions for strong lightning activities are the sufficient vapor in the lower atmosphere,moderate humidity in the mid troposphere, big instability energy and some suitable convective inhibition.Through calculating some atmospheric instability parameters, it is indicated that convective instability index smaller than -10℃ (negative means instable), convective available potential energy larger than 1000 J kg-1,convective inhibition larger than 40 J kg-1, the 700-hPa potential equivalent temperature larger than 340 K and the 35%-85% humidity in the mid troposphere (700-400 hPa) are the advantageous conditions for strong lightning activities.  相似文献   

福州天气形势分型与大气污染物相关分析     

王宏  林长城  隋平  陈彬彬 《辽宁气象》2008,(6):7-11

利用2002-2006年地面天气图和500hPa高空图,将影响福州的天气形势分为10型,结合大气污染物浓度资料,统计2002-2006年福州全年、冬半年和夏半年不同天气形势型的出现率及相应的污染物浓度值,分析不同天气形势下大气扩散能力的强弱以及对污染物浓度的影响。结果表明：锋前暖区和地面倒槽是最不利于扩散的天气型,台风（热带辐合带）和低涡锋面是最有利于扩散的天气型;冬半年高压后部、锋前暖区和地面倒槽对污染物浓度增大的影响最大,低涡锋面、高压脊和高压底部对污染物浓度减小的影响最大;夏半年台风（热带辐合带）及外围、低涡锋面、副热带高压对污染物浓度减小的影响最大,其他天气型影响下污染物浓度变化幅度均为正值。  相似文献   

Synoptic Typing and Its Application for Evaluating Climatic Impact on Air Quality in Urumqi          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Li-Li  WANG Yue-Si  LI Yuan-Yuan 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(6):312-318

An automated procedure employing principal-component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis was developed to classify the synoptic meteorological conditions prevailing over Urumqi, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six clusters representing different circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified using surface- and upper-meteorological variables during the heating period from 2001 to 2008, and the relationships between synoptic clusters and air quality were evaluated. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when Urumqi was in either an extremely cold, strong anticyclone or at the front of a migrating cyclone, both with light winds, wet surface air, and relatively dry upper air. Moderate pollution was seen when Urumqi was in the pre-cold/cold frontal passages with lower temperatures and light winds or moderate anticyclone with relatively warmer, drier air. When Urumqi was at the front of a migrating anticyclone or in a weak anticyclone with moderate winds and most warm, dry air, or in the cold/post-cold frontal passages with relatively strongly northerly airflows and precipitation, relatively good air quality could be seen. These results suggest that air pollution in Urumqi is very closely related to the synoptic meteorological conditions, which provides an important basis for not only the prediction and control of urban air-quality problems here but also for the analysis of the differential impacts of weather and pollution on human morbidity.  相似文献   

上海局地强对流天气及临近预报要点   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

漆梁波  陈雷 《气象》2009,35(9):11-17

借助上海多普勒雷达存储的强天气个例资料,结合上海地区的综合观测网,对上海地区局地强对流天气的天气形势特征及雷达回波发展特点进行了分类.比较发现,回波源地在上海北部地区的占多数,与地面弱切变线的关系非常密切;从初始回波到回波旺盛约经历1个小时;回波的上风向位置容易得到发展;200hPa的风向对回波的发展趋势也有明显的影响.一般而言,西北风不利于回波的快速移动,而在西南风的情况下,回波移动往往会比较快;低层风的大小对回波移动和雷雨大风的形成至关重要.  相似文献   

国外前寒武纪铁建造的研究进展与有待深入探讨的问题   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

王长乐  张连昌  刘利  代堰锫 《矿床地质》2012,31(6):1311-1325

形成于早前寒武纪的铁建造,是一种富铁〔w(TFe)>15%〕的硅质化学沉积岩,其主要矿物组成是铁氧化物(磁铁矿和赤铁矿)及石英。根据铁建造的岩相学特征,将其划分为条带状铁建造和粒状铁建造;根据铁建造的沉积环境,将条带状铁建造划分为与火山岩有关的Algoma型和与细碎屑-碳酸盐岩有关的Superior型2种类型。铁建造的出现,起始于38亿年前,主要集中于28～18亿年,在18亿年之后有一个连续的缺失,但在8亿年左右因雪球事件而重新少量出现。Algoma型铁建造主要发育于中-新太古代,而Superior型则集中出现于古元古代;前者多形成于前寒武纪克拉通化之前,与海相火山活动和陆壳巨量增生密切相关,而后者多形成于克拉通化之后,与稳定发育的克拉通盆地和大气氧含量增加有关。Algoma型铁矿具有单个矿体规模较小、品位较低和多层发育等特征,而Superior型铁矿则具有单个矿体规模较大、品位较高、层位稳定等特征。由于铁建造在地质历史上大规模发育且不重复出现,所以,开展铁建造的研究不仅具有经济价值,而且具有重要的科学意义。铁建造的研究趋势是,在世界范围内进一步深化地球早期构造(地幔柱与早期板块构造)演化、水圈及大气圈组成与演化、地球早期生物活动,以及铁建造成因和时空分布规律等方面的研究。  相似文献   

公路地基岩体质量分级研究     

康荣  唐万金 《中国勘察设计》2010,(3):62-64

进行地基稳定性评价,关键在于查明地基结构形态和计算参数的确定。现有的勘查方法确定了地基的形态;本文从岩体质量分级入手,并提供了丰富的表格,为方便快速地确定各项参数提供了一种思路。  相似文献   

山东莱芜接触交代—热液铁矿矿体形态研究     

宗信德  贾东亮  刘超  尹承亮  刘纪涛  王建 《山东地质》2010,(11):13-18

在对莱芜接触交代铁矿地质特征研究中发现以往地质报告在矿体连接上存在混乱,使矿体形态失真。为便于今后矿体对比和成矿规律的认识,提出了矿体形态分类原则,并以三分法对矿体形态进行分类。指出矿体产状变化是矿体膨胀收缩、分支复合和尖灭再现的结果。根据矿体形态分类指出了找矿方向。不同的矿体形态反映不同的控矿构造,反映不同的矿体规模,反映不同的成矿岩体形态产状。单斜缓倾矿体的成矿岩体是岩床,控矿较小;陡倾矿体和背向斜矿体的成矿岩体是岩盖,控矿较大。  相似文献