黄淮海平原非农化土地空间格局及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程明洋  刘彦随 《地域研究与开发》2019,38(1):170-176

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基于水环境化学及稳定同位素联合示踪的土地利用类型对地下水体氮素归趋影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

路路  戴尔阜  程千钉  邬真真 《地理学报》2019,74(9):1878-1889

识别复杂土地利用类型对地下水体氮素归趋的影响一直是非点源污染研究中的重点及难点。本文采用水环境化学及同位素联合示踪法对具有复杂地类的三江平原阿布胶河流域地下水体中氮素归趋进行解析研究。结果表明：研究区域内地下水体中存在严重的氮素污染,部分点位超出标准限值近4倍。土地利用类型不仅是氮素浓度和水化学类型演变的主导因素,而且对地下水体氮素循环过程及氮素来源产生了重要的影响。其中：在林地区域内,硝态氮占主导,氮素主要来源于土壤有机氮硝化;在城镇区域内,硝态氮超标,具有较高的氯离子浓度,主要来源于粪便及废水,受硝化过程所控制;在水田区域：铵态氮超标,具有较高的硝酸盐同位素值（δ ¹⁵N-NO₃ ^-和δ ¹⁸O-NO₃ ^-）且二者存在显著的线性关系,表明存在着显著的反硝化过程。在旱田区域,硝态氮占主导,氮素来源及循环过程较为复杂,受反硝化及雨水混合过程等多重影响,难以单一使用同位素示踪法进行溯源解析。通过联合水化学解析法能进一步揭示该区域氮素污染主要来源于肥料施用。因此,通过联合示踪法能够补充复杂土地利用区域氮素来源识别工作的缺陷,提升地下水体氮素归趋识别的精度。  相似文献   

翡翠贻贝三个野生种群形态性状的差异分析     

王庆恒  师尚丽  杜晓东  邓岳文 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(6):7-11

运用差异系数检验、主成分分析、判别分析和聚类分析等4种多元统计分析方法,采用5个比例性状,比较研究了广西北海、广东湛江和汕尾的3个翡翠贻贝野生种群的形态性状差异。结果表明:(1)3个种群间5个比例性状的差异系数在0.024～1.134之间,种群间尚未达到亚种差异水平;(2)主成分分析构建了3个主成分,PC1、PC2和PC3贡献率分别为40.134%、27.956%和20.614%,累计贡献率为88.704%;(3)利用逐步判别法选择3个贡献率较大的性状进行判别分析,建立了3种群判别函数,判别准确率为P1为73.0%～88.0%,P2为74.6%～86.8%,综合判别率为79.7%;(4)聚类分析显示,北海种群与汕尾种群形态较为接近,湛江种群趋异程度最大。各种分析方法从不同角度反映了群体间的形态学差异,这种差异是环境和遗传共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Spatial intertidal distribution of bivalves and polychaetes in relation to environmental conditions in the Natori River estuary,Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takeshi Tomiyama  Nobuhiro KomizunaiTatsuya Shirase  Kinuko ItoMichio Omori 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

This paper aims to reveal spatial variation in the abundance of infaunal bivalves and polychaetes at different spatial scales (station: 200–800 m intervals; plot: 5–20 m), and to reveal environmental variables affecting the spatial distribution of animals in the Natori River estuary, Japan. We found six bivalve species and eight polychaete species from 52 plots at 12 stations. Nuttallia olivacea and Heteromastus sp. were found to be the most abundant species of bivalves and polychaetes, respectively. Assemblage patterns of bivalves and polychaetes were classified into five distinct groups. Substrata (silt-clay contents), salinity, and relative elevation were the variables found to affect the infaunal assemblage patterns. Chlorophyll a was not a significant variable, but benthic animals were absent at sites with extremely low chlorophyll a conditions. Macrobenthic assemblage patterns were different not only between stations but often differed between plots at the same station, reflecting the complex assemblage structure of benthic invertebrates. Detailing such animal–environment relationship is essential in understanding the potential food supply for estuarine fishes.  相似文献   

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贺中华  梁虹  黄法苏  赵芳 《大地测量与地球动力学》2008,28(3):46-53

????????ASTER???????RS??GIS???????DEM???????DEM?????TM????CBERS????????????29???????????????????ò?????????5????????????24?????????Spss??Matlab?????????????????????????????????????????ò????????????????????????????????????飬?ó????????Ч????  相似文献   

Petroleum contamination impact on macrobenthic communities under the influence of an oil refinery: Integrating chemical and biological multivariate data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Natalia Venturini  Pablo Muniz  Márcia C. Bícego  César C. Martins  Luiz Roberto Tommasi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in estuarine surface sediments of Tangxi River in Chaohu Lake Basin   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Ruzhong Li  Kun Shu  Yueying Luo  Yong Shi 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(1):9-17

A total of 30 surface sediments samples from the estuary wetland of the Tangxi River, Chaohu Lake Basin were obtained and tested. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I_(geo)) as well as multivariate statistical analysis methods including Factor Analysis (FA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied for the assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments. The results of EF values show that the pollution of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) occurs in the estuarine sediments, and that zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and chrome (Cr) may originate from crustal materials or natural weathering process. The mean EF values of the five heavy metals are in the decreasing order: Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cr. Based on the I_(geo) of target heavy metals, the surface sediments collected from the study area can be approximately categorized as unpolluted with Zn, Pb and Cr, and moderately polluted with Cu and Cd. The degree of heavy metal pollution decreases in the order of Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cr. Three groups of pollution factors are presented from FA: Zn-TOC, Cu-Cd and Cr-Pb, which respectively accounte for 27.22%, 25.20% and 21.05% of variance. By means of HCA, a total number of seven groups are distinguished from 30 sampling sites. Results indicate that Cu and Cd are the prior controlled pollutants in the estuarine sediments of the Tangxi River.  相似文献   

台风诱发暴雨降水量的概率预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘德辅  谢波涛  伍远康  庞亮 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(6):1027-1033

每年由台风诱发暴雨引起洪水、滑坡等灾害在我国沿海地区造成巨大损失。作者采用多维复合极值分布理论（Multivariate compound extreme value distribution）,以受台风暴雨危害较严重的浙江温州地区为例,对台风诱发暴雨的降水量进行了概率预测。该理论以影响暴雨强度的台风中心气压差和降水量为研究对象,并考虑导致极端降水的台风过程的出现频次的概率特性,预测结果较传统方法更为合理和安全。  相似文献   

A New Model of Peaks over Threshold for Multivariate Extremes     

罗耀  朱良生 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):761-776

The peaks over threshold（POT） methods are used for the univariate and multivariate extreme value analyses of the wave and wind records collected from a hydrometric station in the South China Sea. A new multivariate POT method： Multivariate GPD（MGPD） model is proposed, which can be built easily according to developed parametric models and is a natural distribution of multivariate POT methods. A joint threshold selection approach is used in the MGPD model well. Finally, sensitivity analyses are carried out to calculate the return values of the base shear, and two declustering schemes are compared in this study.  相似文献   

Comparison of event‐specific rainfall–runoff responses and their controls in contrasting geographic areas     

Cody A. Ross  Genevieve Ali  Chris Spence  Claire Oswald  Nora Casson 《水文研究》2019,33(14):1961-1979

Numerous studies have examined the event‐specific hydrologic response of hillslopes and catchments to rainfall. Knowledge gaps, however, remain regarding the relative influence of different meteorological factors on hydrologic response, the predictability of hydrologic response from site characteristics, or even the best metrics to use to effectively capture the temporal variability of hydrologic response. This study aimed to address those knowledge gaps by focusing on 21 sites with contrasting climate, topography, geology, soil properties, and land cover. High‐frequency rainfall and discharge records were analysed, resulting in the delineation of over 1,600 rainfall–runoff events, which were described using a suite of hydrologic response metrics and meteorological factors. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were then applied to synthesize the information conveyed by the computed metrics and factors, notably measures of central tendency and variability, variation partitioning, partial correlations, and principal component analysis. Results showed that some response magnitude metrics generally reported in the literature (e.g., runoff ratio and area‐normalized peak discharge) did not vary significantly among sites. The temporal variability in site‐specific hydrologic response was often attributable to the joint influence of storage‐driven (e.g., total event rainfall and antecedent precipitation) and intensity‐driven (e.g., rainfall intensity and antecedent potential evapotranspiration) meteorological factors. Mean annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration at a given site appeared to be good predictors of hydrologic response timing (e.g., response lag and lag to peak). Response timing metrics, particularly those associated with response initiation, were also identified as the metrics most critical for capturing intrasite response variability. This study therefore contributes to the growing knowledge on event‐specific hydrologic response by highlighting the importance of response timing metrics and intensity‐driven meteorological factors, which are infrequently discussed in the literature. As few correlations were found between physiographic variables and response metrics, more data‐driven studies are recommended to further our understanding of landscape–hydrology interactions.  相似文献