对加拿大萨德伯里撞击构造的考察及其启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

傅昭仁  李紫金 《地质科技情报》1996,15(4):57-63

简介了近年来萨德伯里撞击构造及超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的研究现状和作者现场考察所得的认识。记述了萨德伯里的撞击构造、陨石撞击事件及其构造效应、岩浆杂岩（SIC）和有关成因争论；叙述了该大陨石坑的变形和邻近格林威尔造山作用导致的NW－SE向缩短和剪切作用；还介绍了萨德伯里铜镍硫化物矿床撞击成矿假说；最后，特别提出在从事地球动力学和成矿作用动力学研究时，应十分注意类似萨德伯里陨石撞击灾变事件及损击成矿作用的研究。  相似文献   

Re－Os同位素体系及其在岩浆Cu－Ni－PGE矿床研究中的应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李文渊 《地球科学进展》1996,(6)

Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ同位素由于其较高的半衰期特点，近年来国外广泛用于前寒武纪含Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－ＰＧＥ镁铁—超镁铁岩成岩年龄测定，并结合其他地球化学数据，对壳幔岩浆源及作用进行解释研究。特别是由于Ｏｓ是６个ＰＧＥ的其中之一，而多用于岩浆Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－ＰＧＥ矿床贵金属来源的判别。中国岩浆Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－ＰＧＥ矿床以金川矿床为代表，已有的研究表明，可能存在岩浆混合成矿作用，开展Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ同位素体系的研究将会提供进一步判断的证据  相似文献   

铜镍硫化物矿床成矿作用及成矿模式研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

刘月星 《矿产与地质》1997,11(4):225-231

铜镍硫化物矿床是典型的岩浆矿床。其成矿岩体是由上地幔的拉斑玄武岩浆在构造动力驱动下，沿深大断裂侵入形成的含矿铁质超基性岩、铁质基性一超基性杂岩和铁质基性岩体。主矿体通常赋存在这些岩体的中下部、底部或根部。主要成矿作用有岩浆熔离作用（包括岩浆就地熔离作用和岩浆深部熔离作用）和硫化作用。其成矿模式为“以岩浆深部熔离作用为主导的脉动式”成矿，形成由多种矿体（包括岩浆就地熔离型、岩浆深部溶离贯入型、晚期贯入型及交代型和岩浆熔离硫化叠加型）构成的复式矿床。  相似文献   

The Influence of Tibetan Plateau on the Interannual Variability of Asian Monsoon   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15  

Wu Aiming  Ni Yunqi 《大气科学进展》1997,14(4):491-504

ＴｈｅＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆＴｉｂｅｔａｎＰｌａｔｅａｕｏｎｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒａｎｎｕａｌＶａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＡｓｉａｎＭｏｎｓｏｏｎ①ＷｕＡｉｍｉｎｇ（吴爱明）ａｎｄＮｉＹｕｎｑｉ（倪允琪）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｃｉｅ...  相似文献   

Morphodynamics of a high discharge tropical delta, San Juan River, Pacific coast of Colombia     

Juan D Restrepo  Björn Kjerfve  Iván D CorreaJuan González 《Marine Geology》2002,192(4):355-381

The San Juan River has one of the most extensive and best developed deltas on the Pacific coast of South America, measuring 800 km². The river drainage basin measures 16?465 km² and is located in one of the areas with the highest precipitation in the western hemisphere. The annual rainfall varies from 7000 to 11?000 mm, and as a result the San Juan River has the highest water discharge (2550 m³ s⁻¹), sediment load (16×10⁶ t yr⁻¹), and basin-wide sediment yield (1150 t km⁻² yr⁻¹) on the west coast of South America. The San Juan delta growth began approximately 5000 years BP. The structure of the delta is determined by the interactions between fluvial deposition and the effect of 1.7-m significant swells, mostly from the SW, and strong tidal currents. Analysis of delta progradation indicates that during 1848-1992 the morphology of the delta was characterized by beach ridge accretion, spit growth, narrowing of inlets, and a general advance of the delta shoreline. During the past decade processes such as rapid erosion of the delta shore, narrowing of barrier islands, and breaching of a new inlet, are the result of a long-term relative sea-level rise of 2.6 mm yr⁻¹ due to tectonically induced subsidence coupled with a eustatic rise of sea-level. The delta also experiences strong oceanographic manifestations associated with the El Niño-La Niña cycle, causing regional sea-level elevation of 20-30 cm during El Niño years. Recent coastal subsidence in the delta is evidenced by: (1) increased occurrence of non-storm washover events; (2) increased erosion of barrier islands with average loss of 11 m yr⁻¹ during 1993-1997; and (3) a relative sea-level rise of 3.4 mm yr⁻¹ during 1991-1999. The morphology and recent evolution of the San Juan delta are unique when compared to other deltas of South America because of the singular combination of extreme climatic, geologic, and oceanographic conditions under which the delta has formed and the absence of human-induced impact in the drainage basin.  相似文献   

Plankton biomass and larval fish abundance prior to and during the El Niño period of 1997-1998 along the central Pacific coast of México     

C. Franco-Gordo  E. Godínez-Domínguez  A.E. Filonov  J. Freire 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,63(3):99-123

The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton biomass and larval fish recorded during 27 months (December 1995-December 1998) off the Pacific coast of central México are analyzed. A total of 316 samples were obtained by surface (from 40-68 to 0 m) oblique hauls at 12 sampling sites using a Bongo net. Two well-defined periods were observed: a pre-ENSO period (December 1995-march 1997) and an ENSO event (July 1997-September 1998) characterized by impoverishment of the pelagic habitat. The highest biomass concentrations occurred at coastal stations during the pre-ENSO period. During the El Niño period no spatial patterns were found in coastal waters. The months with highest biomass were those in which the lowest sea surface temperature (SST) occurred (January-May), and this pattern was also observed during the ENSO period. A typical, although attenuated, seasonal environmental pattern with enhanced phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) was prevalent during the El Niño event in nearshore waters. During the El Niño period the phytoplankton was mainly small diatoms (microphytoplankton), while dinoflagellates were practically absent. The most parsimonious generalized linear models explaining spatial and temporal distribution of larval fish species included the ENSO index (MEI), upwelling index (UI) and distance to the coast. The environmental variability defined on an interannual time-scale by the ENSO event and the seasonal hydroclimatic pattern defined by the UI (intra-annual-scale) controlled the ecosystem productivity patterns. The small-scale distribution patterns (defined by a cross-shore gradient) of plankton were related to the hydroclimatic seasonality and modulated by interannual anomalies.  相似文献   

Tracer studies on the updrift margin of a complex inlet system     

Ana Vila-Concejo  Óscar Ferreira  Ana Matias 《Marine Geology》2004,208(1):43-72

Three sediment transport studies using tracers were performed at Ancão Inlet (southern Portugal). The objectives of the experiments were to understand the sediment transport pathways and to determine their magnitudes on the updrift margin of an inlet. In order to apply the traditionally used Space Integration Methodology to the tracer experiments, adaptations were required. The study area was divided into four morphologically defined sectors and this was found to be a key factor for the applicability of tracers in a complex area. The four sectors are as follows: sector A is the straight part of the updrift beach; sector B is the upper area of the swash platform; sector C is the lower area of the swash platform; and sector D represents the inner parts of the inlet margin. The integrated analysis of all collected data (forcing mechanisms, tracer distribution and topographic evolution) led to the determination of the sediment pathways. A semi-quantitative conceptual model was developed in order to explain the sediment transport pathways and magnitudes that a known mass of sediment would follow after arriving at the swash platform. It was found that the areas with the largest sediment accumulation were sectors B and C, while almost no sediment was retained in sector D, which experienced significant erosion. According to the model, 53% of the initial mass of sediments remain in the system after two tidal cycles. It is hypothesised that sediment losses are caused by sediment transport towards the ebb delta and by sediment bypassing occurring from the ebb delta to the downdrift beach through swash bar processes. The herein defined conceptual model represents a useful tool that could be applied to other tidal inlets under similar conditions, facilitating sediment budget studies around tidal inlets.  相似文献   

ENSO事件中热带太平洋上层海洋热含量变化分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

于卫东  乔方利 《海洋科学进展》2003,21(4):446-453

利用1955-2001年海洋上400m层的热含量资料，分析了20世纪60年代以来全部El Nino／La Nina事件期间上层海洋热含量异常的空间分布规律和传播特性，发现如下3个重要观测事实：(1)在ENSO循环期间存在着关于赤道对称的南北2个热含量异常信号的闭合传播路径；(2)北半球的信号闭合回路非常清晰，而南半球回路较为混乱；(3)这种闭合回路在El Nino／La Nina年份表现得非常明显，但在其它年份可能由于海洋或大气的条件不匹配而中途夭折。上述观测事实对于ENSO研究具有重要价值，其物理机制值得进一步探讨。  相似文献   

高锰铝青铜焊缝在3.5%NaCl溶液中的空蚀行为     

闫永贵  马力 《海洋科学》2005,29(7):59-64

利用磁致伸缩空蚀实验装置对高锰铝青铜焊缝在质量分数为3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，焊接金属的抗空蚀性能明显高于母材，焊缝金属的空蚀累积失重及失重率均约为母材的1／4。SEM空蚀形貌分析表明，母材的空蚀破坏比焊缝金属严重得多，导致空蚀破坏的裂纹萌生于晶界。  相似文献   

Circulation and teleconnection mechanisms of Northeast Brazil droughts     

Stefan Hastenrath   《Progress in Oceanography》2006,70(2-4):407

The Northern Nordeste of Brazil has its short rainy season narrowly concentrated around March–April, when the interhemispheric southward gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) is weakest and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is the main rainbearing system for the Nordeste, reaches its southernmost position in the course of the year. The recurrent Secas (droughts) have a severe socio-economic impact in this semi-arid region. In drought years, the pre-season (October–January) rainfall is scarce, the interhemispheric SST gradient weakened and the basin-wide southerly (northerly) wind component enhanced (reduced), all manifestations of an anomalously far northward ITCZ position. Apart from this ensemble of Atlantic indicators, the Secas also tend to be preceded by anomalously warm equatorial Pacific waters in January. During El Niño years, an upper-tropospheric wave train extends from the equatorial eastern Pacific to the northern tropical Atlantic, affecting the patterns of upper-tropospheric topography and divergence, and hence of vertical motion over the Atlantic. The altered vertical motion leads to a weaker meridional pressure gradient on the equatorward flank of the North Atlantic subtropical high, and thus weaker North Atlantic tradewinds. The concomitant reduction of evaporation and wind stirring allows for warmer surface waters in the tropical North Atlantic and thus steeper interhemispheric meridional thermal gradient. Consequently, the ITCZ stays anomalously far North and the Nordeste rainy season becomes deficient.  相似文献