基于应力路径的实用沉降计算方法     

金耀华  钱玉林  吕凡任 《岩土力学》2011,32(10):3071-3074

为提高对沉降计算的可靠性与方便性,提出了一种基于应力路径的实用沉降计算方法。依据应力路径法原理,采用由Skempton(司开普顿)孔隙水压力方程得出的有效应力路径方程来表达应力路径,得出了沉降计算的实用计算式。所提出的计算式具有形式简洁、参数易确定、方便实用等优点。工程实例分析验证了该方法的可靠性,可为实际工程的沉降计算提供参考。  相似文献   

基于最优组合赋权理论的可拓学评价模型的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张以晨  佴磊  孟凡奇  王延亮  王洁玉  王立春 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(4):1110-1115,1135

地质灾害易发区的划分对科学防治地质灾害具有重要的指导意义。根据易发区划分原理,提出已有灾害点数量、地形地貌、地质构造、岩土体类型、多年平均降雨量、植被覆盖率以及人类工程活动影响7个参评指标。将偏好比率法和熵值函数进行最优组合,确定权系数,并应用于可拓学评价中,提出了地质灾害易发区划分的一种新模型——基于最优组合赋权理论的可拓学评价模型。吉林省地质灾害易发区划分与野外调查情况相吻合。  相似文献   

Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions from international shipping: Burden sharing under different UNFCCC allocation options and regime scenarios     

Nadine Heitmann  Setareh Khalilian 《Marine Policy》2011

CO₂ emissions from international shipping, which are currently unregulated, are predicted to rise dramatically if no regulations are implemented. International bunker fuel emissions have been excluded from the Kyoto Protocol; the UNFCCC conference in Copenhagen also failed to bring about clear directions on how to proceed with these emissions.  相似文献   

基于集合同化方法的南海北部最优观测实验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶冬  王瑞文 《海洋通报》2011,30(3):252-257

根据集合同化理论及最优观测方法,应用基于ROMS模式的南海北部区域模拟结果作为集合样本,对该区域的最优观测廓线以及最优观测航次进行了评估和选择.最优观测方法是一种不需要直接同化观测,而通过最小化分析场误差方差理论值来选择最优观测点的方法.最优观测方法根据卡曼滤波理论中协方差矩阵的更新方程,使用一组模式或观测得到的历史样...  相似文献   

智能优化平台在等效水深截断系统设计中应用     

周杭霞  张火明  高明正  杨建民 《海洋工程》2011,29(1)

构建一个智能优化平台,包括粒子群算法、蚁群算法、遗传算法、模拟退火算法、混沌算法和复合形法。该平台包括四个模块,分别是优化问题选择,优化参数设置,优化过程显示以及优化结果输出。将该优化平台应用在等效水深截断系统的优化设计中,对截断系泊系统的构造参数进行优化,能在很短时间内给出符合海洋工程需要的等效水深截断系泊系统。  相似文献   

Deriving Temporal and Vertical Distributions of Methane in Xianghe Using Ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared and Gas-analyzer Measurements     

Denghui JI  Minqiang ZHOU  Pucai WANG  Yang YANG  Ting WANG  Xiaoyu SUN  Christian HERMANS  Bo YAO  Gengchen WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(6):597-607

Methane(CH4) is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, making it worthwhile to study its temporal and vertical distributions in source areas, e.g., North China. For this purpose, a ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), the Bruker IFS 125 HR, along with an in-situ instrument, the Picarro G2301, were deployed in Xianghe County(39.8°N,117.0°E), Hebei Province, China. Data have been recorded since June2018. For the FTIR measurements, we used two observation modes to retrieve the mole fraction of CH4: the Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON) method(retrieval algorithm: GGG2014), and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change(NDACC) method(retrieval algorithm: SFIT4). Combining FTIR with in-situ measurements, we found the temporal and vertical distributions of atmospheric CH4 within three vertical layers(near the ground, in the troposphere, and in the stratosphere), and throughout the whole atmosphere. Regarding the diurnal variation of CH4 near the ground, the concentration at night was higher than during the daytime. Regarding the seasonal variation,CH4 was low in spring and high in summer, for all three vertical layers. In addition, there was a peak of CH4 in winter near the ground, both in the troposphere and the whole atmosphere. We found that variation of CH4 in the tropospheric column was close to that of the in-situ measurements near the ground. Furthermore, the variations of CH4 in the stratospheric column could be influenced by vertical motions, since it was higher in summer and lower in winter.  相似文献   

Using the Lund-Potsdam-Jena Model to Understand the Different Responses of Three Woody Plants to Land Use in China     

SUN Guodong  MU Mu 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):515-524

In this study, the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to initial perturbation (CNOP-I) was employed to investigate the maximum variations in plant amount for three main woody plants (a temperate broadleaved evergreen, a temperate broadleaved summergreen, and a boreal needleleaved evergreen) in China. The investigation was conducted within a certain range of land use intensity using a state-of-the-art Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ DGVM). CNOP-I represents a class of deforestation and can be considered a type of land use with respect to the initial perturbation. When deforestation denoted by the CNOP-I has the same intensity for all three plants, the variation in plant amount of the boreal needleleaved evergreen in northern China is greater than the variation in plant amount of both the temperate broadleaved evergreen and temperate broadleaved summergreen in southern China. As deforestation intensity increases, the plant amount variation in the three woody plant functional types carbon changes, in a nonlinear fashion. The impact of land use on plant functional types is minor because the interaction between climate condition and land use is not considered in the LPJ model. Finally, the different impacts of deforestation on net primary production of the three plant functional types were analyzed by modeling gross primary production and autotrophic respiration. Our results suggest that the CNOP-I approach is a useful tool for exploring the nonlinear and different responses of terrestrial ecosystems to land use.  相似文献   

我国中东部地区夏季MCS统计分析   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

曾波  谌芸  肖天贵 《气象》2013,39(2):180-185

目前较详细的中尺度对流系统(MCS)分类普查研究还较少.文章使用我国风云2号地球静止卫星红外数字图像资料分类普查了2008-2010年夏季(6-8月)我国中东部地区(27°～40°N、110°～124°E)中尺度对流系统时空特征.根据尺度大小将MCS分类为α中尺度对流系统(MαCS)和β中尺度对流系统(MβCS),又根据MCS形状将MαCS分类为中尺度对流复合体(MCC)和持续拉长状对流系统(PECS),MβCS分类为β中尺度对流复合体(MβCCS)和β尺度持续拉长状对流系统(MβECS).3年夏季共识别了208个MCS,其中68个MαCS和140个MβCS,拉长状系统居多,占MCS总数79.3％,这表明拉长状的MCS是该区域夏季的主要对流系统.从月际变化来看,7月最多,8月次之,6月最少.大部分MCS移动路径自西向东,少数为自南向北或自北向南的移动路径,自东向西的路径极少.MCS形成高峰时段为9-10 UTC(世界时),成熟高峰时段为10-11 UTC,消散高峰时段为12-13 UTC,生命史约为6.5h.MαCS从形成到成熟需3～4 h,成熟至消散需4～5 h;MβCS发展和减弱时间相当,为2～3 h.  相似文献   

主要经济体1990—2007年温室气体排放变化及其启示     

殷培红  方修琦  李蓓蓓 《世界地理研究》2011,20(1):166-175

主要发达国家提交UNFCCC的1990-2006年排放清单数据显示,部分发达国家已采取了确实的减排措施完成《京都议定书》规定的温室气体减排目标,其中,德、英、法、荷和瑞典是履行《京都议定书》温室气体目标效果最好的国家,分析各国所采取的减排政策／措施发现,这些国家完成《京都议定书》目标的实际路径大多是“避重就轻”的,其做法对于我国处于工业化中期的地区,采取非关键领域减排的策略可以为我国经济高速重化工发展腾出一定的排放空间,减少温室气体减排对经济发展的制约。  相似文献   

极地寡营养细菌AT52(Alteromonas stellipolarissp.nov.)超微结构、生长生理特性及液态富营养发酵培养条件优化          下载免费PDF全文

赵家路  杨季芳  陈福生 《极地研究》2011,23(3):196-204

寡营养细菌是一类能利用低浓度有机营养基质的细菌,通过研究1株分离自南极海洋的极地寡营养细菌AT52,发现富营养条件下AT52菌体细胞周身附肢,附肢长短不一,具鞭毛,菌体出芽生殖,由一层原生质膜包围.寡营养饥饿生存的菌体细胞相对较小,近球形,边缘不平滑,无鞭毛附肢等超微结构,细胞体眠未见出芽生殖过程.实验中采用寡营养环境...  相似文献