华北地震场和源地壳形变前兆研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

何世海 《地震》1995,(3):199-207

文中用实测资料和构造物理学观点论证了华北中、强地震前孕震形变场(断层活动系统)的存在和它的运动学与力学机制,并用有限元法加以检验;讨论了形变场、源前兆之间的关系和它们的前兆特征;给出了可操作的剪切破裂指标S(t),用断层滑动速度和剪切应变速度较好地表达了某地的地震破裂危险性;最后,提出了华北形变场活动的长期稳定性和周期性(约12年)。  相似文献   

A study of ozone in the Colorado mountains     

F. C. Fehsenfeld  M. J. Bollinger  S. C. Liu  D. D. Parrish  M. McFarland  M. Trainer  D. Kley  P. C. Murphy  D. L. Albritton  D. H. Lenschow 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1983,1(1):87-105

The seasonal and diurnal variations of ozone mixing ratios have been observed at Niwot Ridge. Colorado. The ozone mixing ratios have been correlated with the NO _x (NO+NO₂) mixing ratios measured concurrently at the site. The seasonal and diurnal variations in O₃ can be reasonably well understood by considering photochemistry and transport. In the winter there is no apparent systematic diurnal variation in the O₃ mixing ratio because there is little diurnal change of transport and a slow photochemistry. In the summer, the O₃ levels at the site are suppressed at night due to the presence of a nocturnal inversion layer that isolated ozone near the surface, where it is destroyed. Ozone is observed to increase in the summer during the day. The increases in ozone correlate with increasing NO _x levels, as well as with the levels of other compounds of anthropogenic origin. We interpret this correlation as in-situ or in-transit photochemical production of ozone from these precursors that are transported to our site. The levels of ozone recorded approach 100 ppbv at NO _x mixing ratios of approximately 3 ppbv. Calculations made using a simple clean tropospheric chemical model are consistent with the NO _x -related trend observed for the daytime ozone mixing ratio. However, the chemistry, which does not include nonmethane hydrocarbon photochemistry, underestimates the observed O₃ production.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐天文站的耀斑预报     

宋淑敏 《紫金山天文台台刊》1999,18(2):154-156

鉴于预报太阳耀斑的重要性和难度,我们在文中介绍了怎样用太阳色球望远镜观测太阳色球层的耀斑先兆（ 现象） ,并且根据太阳活动特点和十几年的观察经验及观测资料,综合分析,判断出太阳色球耀斑将要产生的大概时间,大致规模及耀斑在日面上的可能位置。通过第２２ 周峰年资料验证,准确率可达７０ ％ 。  相似文献   

地震前低频事件的实验研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

李世愚  唐林波  刘建新  和雪松  苏昉  孙为 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(4):1-7

介绍了几种强震前超低频事件的观测证据,并通过实验,研究了产生和传播机理。初步结果表明,微破裂的集结和断层的破裂起始会出现超低频脉冲,并透射到空气中形成次声波。塑性体的冲击或超临界流体的膨胀比脆性破裂更容易激发（超）低频波,且不伴随明显高频辐射成分。这样可以较为合理地解释震前“平衡”背景下的（超）低频事件。对实验中破坏前的低频脉冲给出了断裂力学解释。断裂力学的实验和膨胀－－扩容理论证明了震前会产生断层的张裂隙,从而为超临界流体提供了运移空间。流体在运移过程中突然涨缩会激发（超）低频辐射波。讨论了改进（超）低频事件的观测条件问题。  相似文献   

Nucleation of earthquakes and its implication to precursors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李世愚  滕春凯  卢振业  刘晓红  刘绮亮  和雪松 《地震学报(英文版)》2000,13(2):224-233

IntroductionIn the middle of 1990s, the argument about nucleation phase occurred. Ellsworth and Beroza(1 995) studied the wave records of 30 earthquake events, which initiated slowly. Ellsworth, et al calledthem as nucleation phase. They discussed the relationship between their moment, duration time andthe relationship with the main shock behind. Scherbaum (1997a, b) proposed his different view andsuggested that some of the recording of the long period initial of seismic wave was misinterpret…  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemical Precursors in Kamchatka (Russia) Related to the Strongest Earthquakes in 1988–1997     

Biagi  P. F.  Ermini  A.  Cozzi  E.  Khatkevich  Y. M.  Gordeev  E. I. 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(2-3):263-276

The Kamchatka peninsula, located in the far east of Russia, is a geologically active margin where the Pacific plate subducts beneath the North American and Eurasia plates. This area is characterised by frequent and strong seismic activity (magnitudes up to 8.5) and epicentres are generally distributed offshore along the eastern coast of the peninsula. For many years, hydrogeochemicals have been collected with a mean sampling frequency of three days in the form of the flow rate and the most common ions and gases in the groundwater of three deep wells in the southern area of the Kamchatka peninsula, where the capital city Petropavlovsk is located. Beginning in 1988, five earthquakes with M > 6.5 occurred in this area. These earthquakes were powerful enough to be considered as potential precursor sources in the sense that the stresses and strains building up before them might be expected to cause precursory activity. In order to reveal any possible precursors of these earthquakes, we analysed the hydrogeochemical data collected. We considered any signal having an amplitude three times the standard deviation to be an irregularity and we defined as an anomaly the existence of an irregularity occurring simultaneously in more than one parameter at each well. Then, on the basis of the worldwide past results and the time recurrence of the quoted earthquakes, we chose 158 days as the maximum temporal window between a possible anomaly and the subsequent earthquake. We identified some premonitory anomalies in hydrogeochemical parameters at different wells. On the basis of these results some earthquake forecasting criteria in southern Kamchatka may be tentatively formulated  相似文献   

Application of laser strainmenters to the study of earthquake physics     

Grigory I. Dolgikh  Mstislav N. Dubrov  Stanislav G. Dolgikh  Sergei N. Kovalev  Vladimir V. Ovcharenko  Egor A. Savvin  Vladimir A. Chupin  Vyacheslav A. Shvets  Sergei V. Yakovenko 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(2):187-197

The paper considers possibilities of applying laser strainmeters for the study of earthquake physics. One of laser strainmeters is described. A high efficiency of using the laser strainmeters for the study of earthquakes and their precursors is shown. In records of the spaced laser strainmeters, anomalous deformations propagating from the east to the west with the speed comparable with that of migration of earthquakes were found.  相似文献   

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王学滨  顾路  马冰  吕家庆 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):45-50

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潮汐形变前驱波的时空特征   总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4  

陈德福 《大地测量与地球动力学》2006,26(2):24-30

分析了潮汐形变观测记录的14个震例中36个前驱波图像的特点、形态、量级,总结了潮汐形变前驱波的时空特征主震震级Ms≥5.9时出现的可能性大,出现的时间多为震前0.1~6.5天;台站对Ms=5、6、7、≥7.9地震的有效监测距离分别为70、300、400、2000km。  相似文献   

阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带及周边地区地幔过渡带结构研究     

肖勇  张瑞青  况春利 《地球物理学报》2021,64(3):838-850

利用国家测震台网固定台站和“中国地震科学台阵探测”项目在南北地震带北段布设的宽频带流动台阵记录到的极远震事件,通过SS前驱波震相研究,获得了阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带东段及邻区下方410 km和660 km间断面的埋深和起伏形态特征.为增强对SS前驱波震相的识别,我们采用了时差校正和共反射点叠加分析.叠加结果显示,毗邻阿留申俯冲带的白令海、阿拉斯加半岛、以及阿拉斯加中南部和东部地区下方,410 km和660 km间断面的埋深基本呈正相关关系,因而具有正常的过渡带厚度.这表明在阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带东段,北太平洋板块还没有俯冲到地幔过渡带深度范围内.其次,在阿拉斯加西部地区下方,660 km间断面出现明显下沉,而上覆的410 km间断面埋深接近于全球平均值,从而导致过渡带明显加厚.据此,我们推测在阿拉斯加西部地区下方地幔过渡带底部可能存在库拉残留板块.  相似文献