Environmental Health Injustice: Exposure to Air Toxics and Children's Respiratory Hospital Admissions in El Paso,Texas     

Sara E. Grineski  Timothy W. Collins  Jayajit Chakraborty  Yolanda J. McDonald 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):31-46

Although much environmental justice research tacitly assumes that unequal environmental exposures produce geographic disparities in adverse health outcomes, very few empirical environmental justice studies have tested that assumption. This article does so by using estimates of exposure to air toxics disaggregated by emission source (point and mobile) to predict children's hospitalization rates for both asthma and respiratory infections in El Paso, Texas. Air toxics emissions from most source categories were found to be significant predictors of children's respiratory infection hospitalization rates, but not asthma hospitalization rates, at the census tract level. Findings suggest that sociospatial disparities in respiratory infection rates might be linked to environmental inequalities.  相似文献   

An Overview of Spatial Analysis of Emerging Infectious Diseases     

Colin Robertson  Trisalyn A. Nelson 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):579-588

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are of increasing global concern, and quantitative geography can play an important role in integrating spatial data describing drivers of disease emergence and building models of EID risk. This article lays out the key issues of EIDs and describes problems and opportunities for integrative quantitative geography to inform on patterns of EIDs. Issues of data quality are highlighted, as are methods of spatial analysis and forms of research communication and visualization as they relate to the study of EIDs. Our review demonstrates that geography is critically needed in EID research, and many of the issues central to understanding and predicting EIDs are inherently of a geographical nature.  相似文献   

气候变化对媒介传播性疾病传播影响的评估模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨国静  杨坤  周晓农 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(4):259-264

旨在综述评估各类模型在媒介传播性疾病中的应用前景。首先对媒介传播性疾病的流行及其与气候特征间的相关关系进行了分析,在此基础上综述了评估模型的种类与评估方法,包括气候因子决定性模型和数理统计学模型两大类,并分别以疟疾、血吸虫病和登革热等3种媒介传播性疾病为例,列举了两类模型在这些疾病中的应用与评估方法。最后提出了气候变化对媒介传播性疾病传播影响的未来研究方向和重点, 今后研究要评估气候变化对疾病传播造成的已有影响,预测未来影响范围与强度及预见未来变局,并提出科学的适应对策。  相似文献   

气候变化对人体健康影响的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

钱颖骏  李石柱  王强  杨坤  杨国静  吕山  周晓农 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(4):241-247

从高温热浪、极端气候事件、空气污染、海平面上升等角度综述了气候变化对人类健康的影响,就气候变化对媒介传播性、水源性、食源性、呼吸道传染病以及部分慢性非传染病的影响进行了阐述,并提出了该领域亟待解决的科学问题和研究重点,包括法律体系的建立、机理的研究、疾病负担的测量以及成本效益分析等。  相似文献   

传染病多维度聚集性探测方法   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

廖一兰  王劲峰  杨维中  李忠杰  金莲梅  赖圣杰  郑晓瑛 《地理学报》2012,67(4):435-443

及早发现异常健康事件的苗头是有效进行传染病早期预警的关键.现有的传染病聚集性探测仅限于时间、空间或时空维度,往往容易忽略病例个人情况从其他方面反映的信息,从而造成过度预警.论文结合蚁群聚类算法和Bayesian Gamma-Poisson 模型,提出一种全新的传染病多维度聚类探测技术.研究区麻疹爆发案例证明该技术在继承以往时空聚集性探测技术思想的基础上,考虑了病例的属性信息,能更为灵敏、准确地找出传染病聚集区域.此方法在实际工作中具有潜在的重要应用价值.  相似文献   

胸部CT对COPD合并肺动脉高压分级诊断价值     

许剑涛  周嘉璇  戴望春  曾庆思 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(1):79-86

目的:结合多普勒超声心动图对比分析胸部CT平扫在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)分级上的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析100例经多普勒超声心动图检查确诊、分级的COPD合并PAH患者的胸部CT平扫资料,测量CT所示的主肺动脉直径、右肺动脉直径及左肺动脉直径,并与30例未发生PAH的COPD患者的上述胸部CT平扫资料对比,分析它们与PAH分级的关系,并进行统计学分析。结果:100例COPD并PAH患者中,经超声心动图确诊为轻度PAH57人,中度PAH27例,重度PAH16例。上述三组PAH患者CT上所测量的主肺动脉直径,方差分析得出三者间的差别有统计学意义,两两比较发现:轻度组PAH的主肺动脉直径与中度组PAH的主肺动脉直径有统计学差异(P=0.017);轻度组PAH的主肺动脉直径与重度组PAH的主肺动脉直径有统计学差异(P=0.000);中度组PAH的主肺动脉直径与重度组PAH的主肺动脉直径有统计学差异(P=0.031);轻度组PAH的主肺动脉直径<中度组PAH的主肺动脉直径<重度组PAH的主肺动脉直径。轻度PAH的主肺动脉直径约为29.71mm±3.57mm,最佳诊断阈值是29.11mm;中度PAH的主肺动脉直径约为31.77mm±3.44mm,最佳诊断阈值是30.53mm;重度PAH的主肺动脉直径约为34.28mm±4.14mm,最佳诊断阈值是32.00mm。结论:胸部CT平扫通过测量主肺动脉直径对COPD并PAH的分级具有一定的诊断价值。   相似文献   

MSCT血管及尿路联合成像在泌尿系统病变中的应用价值     

黄奋尧  张超亮  夏亭亭  尤晓婷  关玉宝 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(3):459-465

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)血管及尿路联合成像在泌尿系疾病中的应用价值。方法:收集58例临床有泌尿系症状患者行泌尿系常规CT平扫、双期增强扫描、排泄期全尿路扫描,将原始数据传送至工作站行图像后处理,分别获得动脉期及排泄期VR、MIP、MPR、CPR重建图像。结果:58例中,诊断为肾盂输尿管结石28例,肾癌6例,肾盂癌4例,输尿管癌2例,膀胱癌3例(已经侵犯输尿管),外压性输尿管狭窄11例,先天性肾发育异常4例。本组中42例经手术病理证实,16例经临床检查证实。58例患者经多层螺旋CTA及CTU联合成像,均可直观、可靠地显示泌尿系的正常解剖及病变与周围组织、器官和血管的关系。结论:MSCT血管期与排泄期联合成像能多方位、多角度显示泌尿系统正常解剖和病变与邻近血管之间的关系,为泌尿系统疾病的诊断、手术方案的选择提供重要可靠的参考依据,具有更高的诊断价值。   相似文献   

Ventilation and oxygen consumption in the spotted stargazer Genyagnus monopterygius †     

M. E. Forster  L. Starling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):135-140

As with other benthic fish which bury themselves in sand, in Genyagnus monopterygius it is the branchiostegal apparatus which makes the major contribution to ventilation of the gills. The prolonged abduction of the branchiostegal membranes draws water in through the mouth, and exhaled water moves away from the fish through mucus‐lined channels in the sand. The steady and continuous flow of water during ventilation may avoid detection of the stargazer by prey or predators. Associated with its sluggish habits and the low gill surface area available for gas exchange, Genyagnus has a low rate of oxygen consumption (15.8 ml kg^‐1 h^‐1 for a 100 g fish at 17°C). At partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) below 6 kPa (45 mm Hg) oxygen consumption is reduced, but the fish does not emerge from the sand until the PO2 falls below 2 kPa. There is evidence that the fish can sustain an oxygen debt. Respiration in the stargazer is discussed in relation to the fish's ability to withstand temporary hypoxia when it is stranded above the water level in the intertidal zone.  相似文献   

浅论氟病的地学病因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴敬炳  张天太 《华东地质学院学报》1992,15(3):296-299

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岳阳市环境地球化学影响及其综合防治     

张录秀 《湖南地质》1992,11(2):140-148

1:20万蒲圻幅化探水系沉积物测量,发现岳阳市东北区的F、As、Hg、Pb、Mo、U、Cu、Be、Sb等9种元素的过高或过低含量,有碍于人体健康,容易诱发相应的地球化学疾病;该环境中的B、Zn及Mo、Cu、As等5种元素,以及Cu/Mo比值的过高或过低,均有碍农业和林业的发展,会出现某些植物病虫害。因此,本文研究了该区的地球化学特征,划分出6个有碍人体健康、5个有碍农业与林业发展的综合预测区,并提出了防治措施与建议。  相似文献